热带海洋环境中BHC和DDT的行为特征研究Ⅰ.中国珠江口区旱季BHC和DDT的含量与分布

本文于1994年11月用气相色谱法研究了旱季珠江口区环境中BHC和DDT的含量与分布。结果表明，表层海水BHC含量为0.187μg/L，DDT为0.080μｇ/L；底层海水BHC为0.117μｇ／L，DDT为0.506μｇ／L。沉积物BHC为11.15×10－9（干），DDT为33.46×10－9（干）。海水中的盐度、DO、C     

自然灾害变动的集成预测模型及其应用

本文提出了以非线性回归拟合发展趋势、正弦函数逼近周期变动和马尔可夫链刻划随机扰动的集成预测模型，并应用于山东省农业自然灾害成灾面积的变动规律模拟，得到了较好的预测效果。理论和实践表明，集成预测模型优于传统的单模型预测，为预测具有复杂机制的自然灾害演变提供了一种新方法。     

我国废旧家电管理制度体系初探

在对我国废旧家电的属性进行分析的基础上,研究了我国废旧家电管理涉及的对象及主要任务,强调了我国建设废旧家电管理制度体系的必要性,并提出了一系列管理制度的建议.     

毛乌素沙地樟子松人工林根内真菌群落结构与功能时间动态特征

为揭示毛乌素沙地樟子松人工林根内真菌群落结构和功能时间动态特征,以毛乌素沙地不同林龄（23、33和44 a）樟子松人工林为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术,比较分析不同月份（4~9月）樟子松人工林根内真菌群落组成及其对环境因子的响应. 结果表明：①樟子松根内真菌群落分布存在明显的季节性,月份对樟子松根内真菌多样性指数影响显著（P<0.05）,在5月和7月较高;樟子松根内真菌多样性指数随林龄的增大而逐渐减小,林龄对其的影响不显著. ②毛乌素沙地樟子松根内真菌优势菌门为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）;不同营养型真菌相对丰度随月份变化,优势类群为腐生-共生营养型真菌、未定义腐生菌和外生菌根真菌;5月、7月和9月的指示外生菌根真菌分别为囊蘑属（Melanoleuca）、缘腺革菌属（Amphinema）和口蘑属（Tricholoma）. ③毛乌素沙地樟子松根内真菌群落分布受年均相对湿度、年均降水量、土壤孔隙度、土壤铵态氮、年均日照时数、年均温和土壤含水量的显著影响（P<0.05）,指示菌种主要受土壤有机碳含量、孔隙度、年均降水量和年均空气湿度的影响. 气候和土壤性质等环境因子的变化塑造了毛乌素沙地樟子松人工林根内真菌群落结构和功能的时间动态特征,而林龄的贡献较小. 研究结果可为樟子松人工林可持续经营管理提供理论依据.     

不锈钢板式热沉传热特性的实验与模拟研究

目的 研究流量、胀高及焊点排布方式对不锈钢板式热沉传热特性的影响。方法 搭建实验平台,加工出结构参数不同的板式热沉实验件,同时采用静力隐式算法建立相应的几何模型,通过实验与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究流量、胀高和焊点排布方式的变化对板式热沉热阻的影响规律,并分析热沉流道内部流场状态。结果 首先计算了6个工况下的热阻,发现实际换热量为540 W时,数值模拟与实验结果的最大相对误差不大于25%。然后分析了误差来源,最后得到了热沉全流道速度场与温度场的分布情况。结论 实验与模拟结果有较好的符合程度,证明了数值模拟方法的可靠性。在换热量相同时,板式热沉的热阻随流量与胀高的增大而减小,焊点为菱形排布的热沉传热性能相对更好。板式热沉内部的流场具有周期性,焊点使流体扰动增强,并形成射流和旋涡,起到了强化传热的效果。     

Effects of Acid Rain on Competitive Releases of Cd, Cu, and Zn from Two Natural Soils and Two Contaminated Soils in Hunan, China

Leaching experiments of rebuilt soil columns with two simulated acid rain solutions (pH 4.6–3.8) were conducted for two natural soils and two artificial contaminated soils from Hunan, south-central China, to study effects of acid rain on competitive releases of soil Cd, Cu, and Zn. Distilled water was used in comparison. The results showed that the total releases were Zn>Cu>Cd for the natural soils and Cd>Zn≫Cu for the contaminated soils, which reflected sensitivity of these metals to acid rain. Leached with different acid rain, about 26–76% of external Cd and 11–68% external Zn were released, but more than 99% of external Cu was adsorbed by the soils, and therefore Cu had a different sorption and desorption pattern from Cd and Zn. Metal releases were obviously correlated with releases of TOC in the leachates, which could be described as an exponential equation. Compared with the natural soils, acid rain not only led to changes in total metal contents, but also in metal fraction distributions in the contaminated soils. More acidified soils had a lower sorption capacity to metals, mostly related to soil properties such as pH, organic matter, soil particles, adsorbed SO₄ ²⁻, exchangeable Al³⁺ and H⁺, and contents of Fe₂O₃ and Al₂O₃.     

解决室内污染——绿色家装和救济途径

我国室内环境污染严重，而装修污染是室内污染的主要源头之一，解决这一问题的关键是倡导“绿色家装”理念，绿化室内环境。文章还提出了处理室内环境污染损害的救济途径。     

芬顿氧化钙体系联合DDBAC对污泥脱水性能的影响

在pH为3和5的条件下,研究了芬顿氧化钙体系联合十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(DDBAC)对污泥破解效果及脱水性能的影响,以期减少CaO的用量并同时提高芬顿反应的适用pH.以脱水泥饼含水率(WC)、毛细吸水时间(CST)、过滤时间(TTF)、污泥沉降比(SV)和胞外聚合物(EPS)中蛋白质(PN)与多糖(PS)的含量作为评...     

Environmental risk mapping of accidental pollution and its zonal prevention in a city

Accidental releases of pollution can have severe environmental, societal, economic, and institutional consequences. This paper considers the use of risk mapping of accidental pollution events, and zonal prevention measures for alleviating the impact on large urban areas. An Environmental Pollution Accident Risk Mapping (EPARM) model is constructed according to a mapping index system supported by quantitative sub-models dedicated to evaluating the risk arising from different sources of potential accidental pollution. The EPARM approach consists of identifying suitable indexes, assessment of environmental risk at regional and national scales based on information on previous pollution accidents and the prevailing environmental and social conditions, and use of GIS to map the overall risk. A case study of pollution accidents in Minghang District, Shanghai, China is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. The paper also proposes a systemic framework for accidental environmental pollution risk prevention, and detailed countermeasures for specific risk zones.     

SURPAC用户子菜单在露天矿境界优化中的应用

露天矿境界优化是露天矿开采设计和生产过程控制的重要内容.开采境界决定了矿山最终的开采形态,关系到矿山地质环境保护与治理恢复方案的编制.在SURPAC中使用用户子菜单,简化了境界优化过程中优化参数变动带来的重复性工作,并在实际应用中证明该子菜单在矿山企业规划设计中具有较高实用性.