钛基IrO2-SnO2电极在烟气海水脱硫恢复系统中的应用

采用浸渍-热分解法制备了含IrOx-TiO2中间层的IrO2-SnO2电极,得到的电极具有较高的析氯电催化活性和较强的稳定性,并通过电化学氧化法对Na2SO3海水脱硫模拟液进行处理,考察了电流密度、温度、pH值和电解时间等电解工艺参数对Na2SO3去除率和化学需氧量COD的影响。结果表明,在电流密度为200 mA/cm^2,pH值为3.5,电解440 mg/L的Na2SO3海水脱硫模拟液,15 min时Na2SO3去除率可达96.5%,COD去除率可达82.6%。     

钛基IrO2-SnO2电极在烟气海水脱硫恢复系统中的应用

采用浸渍-热分解法制备了含IrOx-TiO2中间层的IrO2-SnO2电极,得到的电极具有较高的析氯电催化活性和较强的稳定性,并通过电化学氧化法对Na2SO3海水脱硫模拟液进行处理,考察了电流密度、温度、pH值和电解时间等电解工艺参数对Na2SO3去除率和化学需氧量COD的影响.结果表明,在电流密度为200 mA/cm...     

生物滤塔-人工湿地组合工艺对农村生活污水净化效果研究

采用厌氧/射流充氧生物滤塔/人工湿地组合工艺处理农村生活污水,考察了组合工艺及其各处理单元对污染物去除的贡献率。在实验室进行了小试,实验结果表明：该组合工艺对污染物具有较好的去除效果,在稳定工况下,组合工艺对COD、NH4＋-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为85.4%、74.5%、75.9%和78.3%。生物滤塔能有效...     

Evaluation of photolysis and hydrolysis of pyraclostrobin in aqueous solutions and its degradation products in paddy water

This study evaluated the hydrolysis and photolysis kinetics of pyraclostrobin in an aqueous solution using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection and identified the resulting metabolites of pyraclostrobin by hydrolysis and photolysis in paddy water using high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. The effect of solution pH, metal ions and surfactants on the hydrolysis of pyraclostrobin was explored. The hydrolysis half-lives of pyraclostrobin were 23.1–115.5?days and were stable in buffer solution at pH 5.0. The degradation rate of pyraclostrobin in an aqueous solution under sunlight was slower than that under UV photolysis reaction. The half-lives of pyraclostrobin in a buffer solution at pH 5.0, 7.0, 9.0 and in paddy water were less than 12?h under the two light irradiation types. The metabolites of the two processes were identified and compared to further understand the mechanisms underlying hydrolysis and photolysis of pyraclostrobin in natural water. The extracted ions obtained from paddy water were automatically annotated by Compound Discoverer software with manual confirmation of their fragments. Two metabolites were detected and identified in the pyraclostrobin hydrolysis, whereas three metabolites were detected and identified in the photolysis in paddy water.     

Determination of the residue dynamics and dietary risk of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in citrus and soil by LC-MS/MS

A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed for the determination of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in citrus (including the whole citrus, peel and pulp) and soil samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and purified with octadecylsilane. The detection limits of both compounds were 0.0001–0.0002?mg kg^–1, while the limit of quantification of thiamethoxam was 0.002?mg kg^–1 and the limit of quantitation of metabolites was 0.001?mg kg^–1. The recovery was 70.37%–109.76%, with inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) (n?=?15) values ≤9.46% for the two compounds in the four matrices. The degradation curve of thiamethoxam in whole citrus and soil was plotted using the first-order kinetic model. The half-life of the whole citrus was 1.9–6.2?days, and the half-life of the soil was 3.9–4.2?days. The terminal residue of thiamethoxam (the sum of thiamethoxam and clothianidin, expressed as thiamethoxam) was found to be concentrated on the peel. The final residual amount of thiamethoxam in the edible portion (pulp) was less than 0.061?mg kg^–1. The risk quotient values were all below 1, indicating that thiamethoxam as a citrus insecticide does not pose a health risk to humans at the recommended dosage.     

Analysis of metabolic changes in Trichoderma asperellum TJ01 at different fermentation time-points by LC-QQQ-MS

Trichoderma spp. are among the most widely recognized biocontrol fungi used to inhibit pathogens and promote plant growth. These functions are related to primary and secondary metabolites. This study investigated the different metabolites in Trichoderma asperellum TJ01 cultured for 24 and 72?h using liquid chromatography with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Compared to the 24?h culture of T. asperellum TJ01, the 72?h culture with amino acid metabolism tended to decrease while sugar and lipid metabolisms tended to increase. Furthermore, the 72?h culture had a higher proportion of upregulated flavonoids, in combination with a higher proportion of downregulated alkaloids, and equal proportions of upregulated and downregulated polyphenols and hormones. This study also identified a few valuable medicinal substances such as trigonelline and 5-hydroxytryptophan in T. asperellum TJ01 fermentation cultures.     

厌氧型垃圾卫生填埋场水气综合处理工艺探析

对现行国内最普遍的厌氧型垃圾卫生填埋场的水(渗沥液)气(垃圾填埋气)综合治理情况进行讨论和分析,提出了对节约能源与资源,实现未来填埋场无害化、减量化与资源化的最佳途径和措施。     

基于主成分分析法的山东省水资源承载力评价

根据水资源承载力评价指标体系研究,从4个方面确定了山东省水资源承载力综合评价指标分级标准.利用2008年<山东省统计年鉴>的数据,运用主成分分析法和统计分析软件SPSS16.0对山东省水资源承载力进行了综合评价,并在主成分得分基础上通过聚类分析将其划分为4种类型.     

含腐殖酸的新型混凝剂强化混凝处理城市污水

研究了新型混凝剂BMT对城市污水进行强化混凝处理的效果,并与常用混凝剂聚合氯化铝（PAC）进行了比较。结果表明,在城市污水原水COD低于500mg／L和最佳工况下,经BMT处理后的出水能够达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）二级标准,并具备替代PAC的能力。     

城市灾害应急管理体制研究

城市是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础,城市灾害是个全球性的问题.当前城市灾害形势依然严峻,仍面临着来自多方面的挑战.首先阐述了城市灾害应急管理的定义,针对目前城市灾害的严峻形势和灾害损失现状,分析了城市灾害应急的重要性;通过对城市灾害应急管理体制的系统分析,指出了存在的主要问题,进而提出了可行性对策:必须构建统一的城市灾害应急管理体制,建立健全的应急管理机构,充分发挥各级政府的职能,完善应急预警.同时,提出要建立城市灾害管理信息系统和灾害应急指挥决策系统,完善我国城市灾害法律法规与标准体系,建成一个科学、系统、全面的城市灾害应急管理体制.