曝气生物滤池去除邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯的效果

采用陶粒滤料曝气生物滤池(BAF)处理邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯(BBP)模拟废水,考察了空床接触时间(EBCT)、温度对BBP的去除效果的影响;运用气质联用仪(GC-MS)分析了BBP在曝气生物滤池内降解的中间产物并推测其可能的降解途径。结果表明,当温度为25℃,空床接触时间(EBCT)为8 h时,BAF对BBP的降解效果良好,去除率达到95.7%;BAF对BBP的去除率随着温度的升高和EBCT的增加而增大,EBCT为去除效果的主要影响因素。BAF出水中检测到邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)以及邻苯二甲酸(PA)等降解产物,据此推测邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯的生物降解途径可能为BBP的苯环先断裂生成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,而后断裂一个酯键形成单酯,接着再断裂另一酯键形成邻苯二甲酸,最终分解成二氧化碳和水。     

神农架大九湖后生浮游动物群落结构和水质评价

大九湖是南水北调中线工程的重要水源涵养地之一。为了解实施生态修复工程后浮游动物群落结构特征及水质污染情况,于2014年11月（枯水期）、2015年5月（平水期）和9月（丰水期）进行了3次采样调查。研究表明:共检出后生浮游动物36种,其中桡足类2种、枝角类5种和轮虫29种,轮虫丰度在3次采样中均占总丰度的80%以上,仅有的几种枝角类和桡足类也是小型种类或以幼体为主。11月优势种是寡污-β中污型-螺形龟甲轮虫（Keratella cochlearis）和晶囊轮虫（Asplachna sp.）;5月优势种为寡污-β中污和β中污型-螺形龟甲轮虫、迈氏三肢轮虫（Filinia maior）、无棘螺形龟甲轮虫（Keratella cochlearis tecta）、广生多肢轮虫（Polyarthra vulgaris）和萼花臂尾轮虫（Brachionus calyciflorus）;9月优势种是β-中污型-裂足臂尾轮虫（Brachionus diversicornis）、迈氏三肢轮虫和剪形臂尾轮虫（Brachionus forficula）。冗余分析（RDA）表明高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)是影响后生浮游动物污染类型分布的最关键环境因子。 关键词： 大九湖;后生浮游动物;污染类型;高山湿地湖泊     

Modeling the spatial pattern of farmland using GIS and multiple logistic regression: a case study of Maotiao River Basin, Guizhou Province, China

Land use change is an important topic in the field of global environmental change and sustainable development. Land use change modeling has attracted substantial attention because it helps researchers understand the mechanisms of land use change and assists regulatory bodies in formulating relevant policies. Maotiao River Basin is located in the province of Guizhou, China, which has a developed agricultural industry in the karst mountain areas. This paper selected biophysical and social–economic factors as independent variables, and constructed a multiple logistic regression of farmland spatial distribution probability by random sampling. Then, by using GIS technology and integrating the 2000 data, this study predicted the farmland spatial pattern. When the predicted map was compared with the actual farmland map for 2000, we noted that 71% of the simulation is in accordance with the 2000 farmland pattern. The result satisfactorily proves the reasonability and applicability of our model.     

生态市建设的战略环境影响评价初探——以淮南市为例

生态市建设是一项系统工程，是实现可持续发展的必然途径。通过对战略环境影响评价理论、方法的探讨，开发出了针对生态市建设的战略环境影响评价技术框架，并以淮南市为例，构建了一套完整的战略环境影响评价指标体系。最后分析了淮南生态市建设SEIA的主要内容：土地利用规划、产业政策结构调整以及各项战略的环境影响评价，为生态市建设SEIA提供方法和技术支持。     

三级生物接触氧化除油生化池的生物膜特性

将生物接触氧化技术用于油田稠油污水的处理,在三级串联运行的生物接触氧化池中,生物膜特性主要由生物膜上原油成分决定。在沿水流方向上,生物膜上易降解原油组分含量降低,难降解组分含量上升,第一级生化池中的生物膜厚度和优势菌种数量明显超过第二级和第三级,藻类主要生长在一级生化池的后部和二、三级生化池中的生物膜上,原生动物出现在二级和三级生化池生物膜上,而后生动物只出现在三级生化池生物膜上。     

珠江口沉积物中磷的赋存形态

采用较为系统的化学提取法，对珠江口柱状沉积物中TP、各形态无机磷及有机磷进行分析，重点考虑了分离提取碎屑和自生钙结合磷。结果表明：在无机磷中以钙磷占主要地位（49％），其中又以碎屑磷含量较高（43％），有机磷含量在TP中占有一定比例（38．8％）。沉积物中TP及其不同形态无机磷在垂向上的分布变化规律为：TP、有机磷和Fe－P含量随深度增加而降低，而碎屑态磷含量随深度增加而增高，自生钙磷变化幅度不大。TP、有机磷和Fe－P含量自下而上增高，在一定程度上反映了近年来陆源环境污染加剧的趋势。结合调查区域各种理化条件，认为在珠江口仅有铁结合磷与有机磷为潜在的生物可利用P，自生钙结合磷与原生碎屑结合磷总的来说占沉积物中TP的49％，因此我们估计有将近一半的P不能为生物利用。     

双酚A在湘江沉积物上的吸附特征

探讨了双酚A(BPA)在湘江沉积物上的吸附/解吸特征.结果表明,BPA在湘江沉积物上的吸附主要以快速吸附为主,Freundlich模型能较好地描述其吸附等温线,沉积物有机质中的碳黑物质和孔隙填充相引起了BPA的非线性吸附和解吸滞后行为;沉积物对BPA的吸附是一个放热过程,主要是自发的焓推动的物理吸附;随着沉积物浓度的增大,单位沉积物上的BPA吸附量减少;随着离子强度的增大,单位吸附量也随之增大;在酸性条件下,单位沉积物上的BPA吸附量随着pH值的增大而减少,在碱性条件下这种影响不显著.     

Carbonyl emissions from vehicular exhausts sources in Hong Kong

Vehicular emission (VE) is one of the important anthropogenic sources for airborne carbonyls in urban area. Six types of VE-dominated samples were collected at representative locations in Hong Kong where polluted by a particular fueled type of vehicles, including (i) a gas refilling taxis station (liquefied petroleum gas [LPG] emission); (ii) a light-duty passenger car park (gasoline emission); (iii) a minibus station (diesel emission); (iv) a single-deck-bus depot (diesel emission); (v) a double-deck-bus depot (diesel emission); and (vi) a whole-food market entrance for light- and heavy-duty vehicles (diesel emission). A total of 15 carbonyls in the samples were quantified. Formaldehyde was the most abundant carbonyl among the VE-dominated samples, and its contribution to the total quantified amount on a molar basis ranged from 54.8% to 60.8%. Acetaldehyde and acetone were the next two abundant carbonyls. The carbonyls were quantified at three roadside locations in Hong Kong. The highest concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, 22.7 +/- 8.4 and 6.0 +/- 2.8 microg/m3, respectively, were determined in the samples collected at a main transportation gate for goods between Hong Kong and Mainland China. The total quantified carbonyl concentration, 37.9 +/- 9.3 microg/m3, was the highest at an entrance of a cross-harbor tunnel in downtown area. The theoretical carbonyls compositions of the three roadside locations were estimated according to the VE-dominated sample profiles and the statistics on vehicle numbers and types during the sampling period. The measured compositions of formaldehyde were much higher than the theoretical compositions in summer, demonstrating that photochemical reactions significantly contributed to the formaldehyde production in the roadsides.     

不同边沿高度油池火燃烧行为的实验和数值模拟研究

采用实验和FDS数值模拟相结合的方法,探讨了边沿高度对油池火燃烧特性的影响。在实验部分,研究了燃烧速率和表观火焰高度随边沿高度的变化趋势,并分别分析了各个阶段的热反馈机制。在实验获得不同尺度、边沿高度正庚烷油池火燃烧速率的前提下,建立相应尺度的不同边沿高度油池火的Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS)计算模型以针对火焰高度进行了数值模拟研究,分析了实际火焰高度、火焰下探高度随边沿高度的变化趋势,并提出了相关的无量纲拟合式。     

大庆油田落地原油对土壤污染的研究

大庆油田是中国最重要的原油生产基地,开发建设50多年来,已累计生产原油18.2亿吨.不可避免地在油田生产过程中产生大量的落地原油,对土壤造成了严重的污染.落地原油在土壤中的迁移主要有横向迁移和纵向迁移:横向迁移对土壤的污染成辐射状分布,污染强度随污染源的距离增加而迅速降低,污染源周围污染最重的区域在0 m～40 m范围内,占总量90%以上,横向迁移范围确定在150 m以内;落地原油纵向迁移绝大部分集中在距土壤表面0 cm～10 cm范围内,竖向迁移一般不超过70 cm.落地原油污染土壤中主要污染物包括总烃、芳烃、酚、苯并[a]芘和硫化物,通过落地原油污染土壤的模拟实验可知总烃、芳烃、苯并[a]芘和硫化物含量,随原油浓度增加而明显增加,呈明显正相关性;其一元线性回归方程分别为Y=0.470X-17.88、Y=0.119X-6.13、Y=0.0076X-0.30、Y=0.000055X 0.089.