国外Wire-on-Bolt技术分级准则在我国的适用性研究

在万宁近海暴露场和江津暴露场进行了2次WIRE-ON-BOLT大气暴露试验,分别采用铝丝-碳钢螺栓试样和铝丝-铜螺栓试样,并按LAQUE中心和ASTM标准对万宁和江津的大气腐蚀性进行分级,分级结果表明:国外这2种评级准则难以甄别我国各主要大气网站的腐蚀性,有必要对此进行重新划分。     

用环己烷氧化副产物制备浮选剂

在固体酸催化剂作用下,用环己烷氧化制备环己酮的副产物——酸性油和轻质油进行酯化反应,制备了羧酸混合酯,酯化反应的最佳工艺条件：n（C4-C5醇）：n（有机羧酸）=1．2：1,催化剂质量分数为1．5％,反应温度为110-160℃,反应时间为5h。经应用评价结果表明,该羧酸混合酯是一种性能优异的选煤浮选剂。     

利用隆线溞趋光行为检测水体中五氯酚钠和镉的研究

采用自主选育的隆线溞单克隆体作为试验生物,研究了五氯酚钠(PCP-Na)和镉对隆线溞趋光指数的影响,并与急性毒性试验方法进行了比较.结果表明,在试验浓度范围内,水溞的趋光指数分别随五氯酚钠和镉浓度的升高而降低,呈极显著线性关系,说明隆线溞趋光指数的变化可以指示水体中这2种毒物的生物有效浓度.PCP-Na使隆线溞趋光指数(3h)发生显著改变的下限浓度为0.18 mg·L～,远低于LC50(96 h)(0.59 mg·L-1),上限浓度大于3.20 mg·L-1,也远高于LC50(24h)(0.73 mg·L-1),表明隆线溞趋光指数法比急性毒性试验法的灵敏度高,检测范围大,耗时短.在试验溶液范围内,五氯酚钠和镉之间不存在明确的相互作用关系.     

松花江:有待继续关注

最近,黑龙江省环保局向社会各界通报了今春解冻期松花江大面积水质不会超标、各江段用及沿岸鱼塘的鱼类可放心食用、今年春季用松花江水进行灌溉不会影响作物生长等人民群众普遍关注的问题.     

硝化悬浮填料塔中氨氧化细菌群落稳定性特征分析

利用PCR-DGGE分析技术,对于化学生物絮凝处理工艺中悬浮填料塔的氨氧化细菌(AOB)群落进行了研究。主要考察了曝气强度和水力停留时间2个运行参数调整的情况下,系统AOB群落结构的变化。生物膜样品直接取自硝化填料塔,多维尺度(MDS)方法用于DGGE电泳图谱的分析,分析结果以二维图形向量的方式显示,结果表明,曝气强度和水力停留时间均对AOB群落有一定的影响,主要的AOB种类在运行过程中基本不变,系统对于运行条件具有良好的稳定性。     

水热法制备N掺杂纳米TiO2及其光催化活性研究

以钛酸四丁酯和氨水为前驱物,采用水热法制备N掺杂TiO2纳米微粒,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等技术对不同条件下制备的产物进行了表征.探讨了不同体积比的前驱物、水热温度、水热时间及煅烧温度对水热产物的影响;考察了N掺杂催化剂在紫外线和可见光下光催化降解甲基橙和苯酚的催化性能.     

流化催化裂化烟气脱硫助剂的制备及其脱硫活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备锌铝助剂,该助剂于700℃焙烧后与流化催化裂化（FCC）催化剂进行机械混合,制得混合催化剂;在FCC烟气工业模拟装置上考察混合催化剂的脱硫活性,用混合催化剂的脱硫活性来反映锌铝助剂的脱硫性能。实验结果表明,氧化锌质量分数为10％的锌铝助剂的脱硫活性最佳,脱硫率达62．5％。采用红外光谱和X射线衍射（XRD）对锌铝助剂的脱硫机理进行了研究,红外分析结果表明,弱的L酸中心有利于锌铝助剂脱硫,XRD分析结果表明,锌铝助剂在锌铝尖晶石结构尚未完全形成时,存在较多的晶格缺陷,能够有效地吸附烟气中的SOx,将其转化为H2S。     

土壤中有效态砷钒铬的两种提取方法比较

从提取液对测定结果的影响、消解方法对测定结果的影响和提取效率3个方面,对碳酸氢铵-二乙烯三胺五乙酸(AB-DTPA)法和氯化钙-二乙烯三胺五乙酸(CaCl_2-DTPA)法提取、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定土壤中有效态As、V和Cr的优缺点进行了对比,结果表明:AB-DTPA法比CaCl_2-DTPA法提取效率更高。用ICP-OES法测定AB-DTPA法提取有效态As、V和Cr,检出限为0.007～0.019 mg/kg,加标回收率为95.0%～119.0%,相对标准偏差为2.42%～6.30%。该方法快速高效、灵敏度高、准确度和精密度好,实现了多元素同时提取,方法适用性广泛。     

Evaluation of photolysis and hydrolysis of pyraclostrobin in aqueous solutions and its degradation products in paddy water

This study evaluated the hydrolysis and photolysis kinetics of pyraclostrobin in an aqueous solution using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection and identified the resulting metabolites of pyraclostrobin by hydrolysis and photolysis in paddy water using high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. The effect of solution pH, metal ions and surfactants on the hydrolysis of pyraclostrobin was explored. The hydrolysis half-lives of pyraclostrobin were 23.1–115.5?days and were stable in buffer solution at pH 5.0. The degradation rate of pyraclostrobin in an aqueous solution under sunlight was slower than that under UV photolysis reaction. The half-lives of pyraclostrobin in a buffer solution at pH 5.0, 7.0, 9.0 and in paddy water were less than 12?h under the two light irradiation types. The metabolites of the two processes were identified and compared to further understand the mechanisms underlying hydrolysis and photolysis of pyraclostrobin in natural water. The extracted ions obtained from paddy water were automatically annotated by Compound Discoverer software with manual confirmation of their fragments. Two metabolites were detected and identified in the pyraclostrobin hydrolysis, whereas three metabolites were detected and identified in the photolysis in paddy water.     

Determination of the residue dynamics and dietary risk of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in citrus and soil by LC-MS/MS

A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed for the determination of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in citrus (including the whole citrus, peel and pulp) and soil samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and purified with octadecylsilane. The detection limits of both compounds were 0.0001–0.0002?mg kg^–1, while the limit of quantification of thiamethoxam was 0.002?mg kg^–1 and the limit of quantitation of metabolites was 0.001?mg kg^–1. The recovery was 70.37%–109.76%, with inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) (n?=?15) values ≤9.46% for the two compounds in the four matrices. The degradation curve of thiamethoxam in whole citrus and soil was plotted using the first-order kinetic model. The half-life of the whole citrus was 1.9–6.2?days, and the half-life of the soil was 3.9–4.2?days. The terminal residue of thiamethoxam (the sum of thiamethoxam and clothianidin, expressed as thiamethoxam) was found to be concentrated on the peel. The final residual amount of thiamethoxam in the edible portion (pulp) was less than 0.061?mg kg^–1. The risk quotient values were all below 1, indicating that thiamethoxam as a citrus insecticide does not pose a health risk to humans at the recommended dosage.