石墨相氮化碳协同UV-H_2O_2光催化降解亚甲基蓝

以三聚氰胺为前驱体,经热解—回流法制备了石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4),采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、EDS、PL等技术对g-C_3N_4进行了表征。研究了g-C_3N_4在UV-H_2O_2体系中对废水中亚甲基蓝(MB)的光降解效果。实验结果表明,UV+g-C_3N_4催化剂+H_2O_2体系能协同降解MB,在初始MB质量浓度为20 mg/L、初始废水p H为5、废水体积为250 mL、g-C_3N_4加入量为0.10 g、H_2O_2浓度为0.4 mmol/L、反应温度为25℃的优化工艺条件下,紫外光照射70 min时MB脱色率达98.32%。g-C_3N_4催化剂具有较好的重复使用性能,使用5次后MB脱色率仍保持在95.10%。     

基于突发地质灾害应急防治的边(滑)坡分类方法∗

边(滑)坡分类是进行突发地质灾害应急防治研究的重要手段之一,也是采用工程类比法进行边(滑)坡灾害防治的基础。为此,首先对国内外边(滑)坡分类方法研究现状进行了回顾,并按照分类方法及分类目的,把现有的边(滑)坡分类方法分为了4类:基于单因素及多因素的滑坡分类方法、基于破坏模式与治理措施的滑坡分类方法、基于监测预警的滑坡分类方法和基于稳定性评价的滑坡分类方法,而后对上述分类方法的优缺点进行了评述。最后,基于突发地质灾害应急防治的迫切需求和分类目的,在前人研究的基础上分别建立了基于监测预警和失稳后运动距离预测的突发滑坡应急防治分类方法,该分类方法基于应急防治的特殊要求,在前者加入了临灾征兆的分类指标,这将对突发滑坡灾害应急防治提供更有针对性的指导。     

Amoxicillin effects on functional microbial community and spread of antibiotic resistance genes in amoxicillin manufacture wastewater treatment system

This study aimed to reveal how amoxicillin(AMX) affected the microbial community and the spread mechanism of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) in the AMX manufacture wastewater treatment system. For this purpose, a 1.47 L expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) reactor was designed and run for 241 days treating artificial AMX manufacture wastewater. 454 pyrosequencing was applied to analyze functional microorganisms in the system. The antibiotic genes OXA_(-1), OXA_(-2), OXA_(-10), TEM_(-1), CTX-M_(-1), class I integrons(intI1) and 16 SrRNA genes were also examined in sludge samples. The results showed that the genera Ignavibacterium, Phocoenobacter,Spirochaeta, Aminobacterium and Cloacibacillus contributed to the degradation of different organic compounds(such as various sugars and amines). And the relative quantification of eachβ-lactam resistance gene in the study was changed with the increasing of AMX concentration.Furthermore the vertical gene transfer was the main driver for the spread of ARGs rather than horizontal transfer pathways in the system.     

太湖梅梁湾沉积物磷的垂直分布及环保疏浚深度的推算

采集了太湖梅梁湾的柱状沉积物,分析和研究了沉积物中磷的形态、吸附动力学以及潜在的可交换性磷随深度的变化.结果表明,样品中各形态的磷含量随着深度增加总趋势为减小.不同深度的沉积物对磷的吸附过程具有相同的变化趋势,在前3h内,沉积物对磷的吸附速度较大;12h后,基本达到平衡.磷最大吸附量随深度的增加呈上升趋势,到达18cm后趋于平缓.样品中的潜在可交换性磷(qi)的含量为2.48～17.40mmol/kg,其分配系数(Kp)为1.81～51.44m³/kg,随深度的增加,qi和Kp均呈先增加后减小的趋势.根据疏浚后新形成的表层沉积物磷的净释放量(即表征磷释放的潜在可交换性磷与表征吸附的最大吸附量之差)的变化趋势,推算出该区域环境保护疏浚的最小深度为25cm.     

pH、盐度对微生物还原硫酸盐的影响研究

采用厌氧生物处理工艺,研究了在不同盐度下pH连续降低对硫酸盐还原和有机物去除率的影响。实验结果表明,硫酸盐还原菌有很强的适应pH变化的能力,在pH值达到4以下仍有60％的硫酸盐去除率。NaCl浓度由4g／L增加到50g／L抑制了各厌氧菌的活性,导致硫酸盐和有机物去除率的下降,但硫酸盐还原菌耐受性高于产甲烷菌等其他厌氧菌,在NaCl浓度为50g／L下,硫酸盐去除率能达到50％,而有机物去除率则低于30％。qRT—PCR表明了系统菌落中SRB随着环境的变化情况与化学指标结果相一致,该反应器体系中SRB在整个厌氧菌群落中只占了很小部分。     

Survey of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in arterial street air of Hangzhou

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Interspecific competition effects on phosphorus accumulation by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans

The competition between submersed plants has been recognized as an important factor influencing the structure of plant communities in shallow lakes. The ability of different species to take up and store nutrients from the surrounding ambience varies, and hence plant community structure might be expected to affect the cycling of nutrients in lake ecosystems. In this study, the uptake of phosphorus by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans was studied and compared in monoculture and competitive mixed-culture plantings. Results showed that for both studied species the phosphorus concentrations of different tissues and of whole plants was unaffected by competition. However, the quantity of phosphorus accumulated by whole plants of H. verticillata was significantly higher in mixture culture than in monoculture, while that of V. natans was lower in the mixed culture. The results indicated that H. verticillata has a competitive advantage over V. natans, when the two species are grown in competition, and is able to accumulate a greater quantity of phosphorus.     

WHO-IRC和IAEA-AQCS国际比对样品的γ谱分析

报道了本实验室１９９１－１９９４年间参加ＷＨＯ－ＩＲＣ和ＩＡＥＡ－ＡＱＣＳ组织的环境样品放射性测量国际化对工作。用２台ＨＰＧｅγ谱仪,相对方法和效率曲线方法测量了土壤样品,用自吸收校正方法测量了生物样品。对ＷＨＯ－ＩＲＣ Ｎｏ．５７Ｖｉ３００号样品,在２８个报出实验室中,本实验室测量值与推荐值的平均相对偏差最小,为３．０４％。     

污泥吸附剂对3种染料吸附动力学的研究

以污水厂脱水污泥、锯末和焦油的混合物为原料,选择ZnCl₂为活化剂制备出过渡孔发达、强度大的污泥吸附剂（S-AC）。借助BET、FT-IR等现代分析测试方法对污泥吸附剂进行表征,同时,研究了吸附剂对酸性大红、中性红和碱性品红吸附动力学行为。结果表明,制得的污泥吸附剂BET比表面积为358 m²/g,强度大于89%。吸附剂的动力学数据均符合伪二阶动力学方程、液膜扩散方程和颗粒内扩散方程,其中液膜扩散为吸附剂对酸性大红吸附过程的主控步骤,颗粒内扩散为吸附剂对中性红和碱性品红吸附过程的主控步骤。