Mitigating Impact of Devils Lake Flooding on the Sheyenne River Sulfate Concentration

Devils Lake is a terminal lake located in northeast North Dakota. Because of its glacial origin and accumulated salts from evaporation, the lake has a high concentration of sulfate compared to the surrounding water bodies. From 1993 to 2011, Devils Lake water levels rose by ~10 m, which flooded surrounding communities and increased the chance of an overspill to the Sheyenne River. To control the flooding, the State of North Dakota constructed two outlets to pump the lake water to the river. However, the pumped water has raised concerns about of water quality degradation and potential flooding risk of the Sheyenne River. To investigate these perceived impacts, a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was developed for the Sheyenne River and it was linked to a coupled SWAT and CE‐QUAL‐W2 model that was developed for Devils Lake in a previous study. While the current outlet schedule has attempted to maintain the total river discharge within the confines of a two‐year flood (36 m³/s), our simulation from 2012 to 2018 revealed that the diversion increased the Sheyenne River sulfate concentration from an average of 125 to >750 mg/L. Furthermore, a conceptual optimization model was developed with a goal of better preserving the water quality of the Sheyenne River while effectively mitigating the flooding of Devils Lake. The optimal solution provides a “win–win” outlet management that maintains the efficiency of the outlets while reducing the Sheyenne River sulfate concentration to ≤600 mg/L.     

畜禽环境中抗生素的去除及其风险评估

抗生素作为饲料添加剂广泛应用于畜禽养殖业,造成养殖环境抗生素大量蓄积,尤其是在畜禽粪便中,长期的积累不仅污染养殖场内土壤环境,残留的抗生素还会随畜禽粪便进入周边水体及农田环境,威胁农作物及人体健康。目前,国内相关研究主要集中在抗生素的降解工艺及降解规律方面,而对其去除效率的影响因素及风险评价研究相对较少。笔者综述了国内外抗生素的降解转化及去除方式等的研究进展,并概述了抗生素在畜禽环境中的生态风险评估的研究现状,为抗生素的高效去除、风险预估及畜禽粪便资源化安全利用提供理论基础和技术支撑。     

Utilization of MSWI fly ash as partial cement or sand substitute with focus on cementing efficiency and health risk assessment

• Washed MSWI fly ash was used as partial cement or sand substitute. • Sand replacing is beneficial for strength, while cement replacement reduces strength. • Cementing efficiency factor and mortar pore structure explain the strength results. • Health risk assessment was conducted for MSWI fly ash blended cement mortar. • CR and HI contributed by different exposures and heavy metals were analyzed. The strength of cement substituted mortar decreases with the increase in fly ash amount, whereas the strength increases when the fly ash is blended as sand substitute. A mortar with highest strength (compressive strength= 30.2 Mpa; flexural strength= 7.0 Mpa) was obtained when the sand replacement ratio was 0.75%. The k value (cementing efficiency) of fly ash varied between 0.36 and 0.15 for the fly ash fraction in binder between 5% and 25%. The k values of fly ash used for sand replacement were all significantly above that used for cement substitution. The macropores assigned to the gaps between particles decreased when the fly ash was used as sand replacement, providing an explanation for the strength enhancement. The waste-extraction procedure (toxicity-sulphuric acid and nitric acid method (HJ/T 299-2007)) was used to evaluate metal leaching, indicating the reuse possibility of fly ash blended mortar. For the mortar with the mass ratio of fly ash to binder of 0.5%, the carcinogenic risks (CR) and non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ) in sensitive scenario for blended mortar utilization were 9.66 × 10^-7 and 0.06, respectively; these results were both lower than the threshold values, showing an acceptable health risk. The CR (9.89 × 10^-5) and HQ (3.89) of the non-sensitive scenario for fly ash treatment exceeded the acceptable threshold values, indicating health risks to onsite workers. The main contributor to the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk is Cr and Cd, respectively. The CR and HQ from inhalation was the main route of heavy metal exposure.     

High heterogeneity of bacterioplankton community shaped by spatially structured environmental factors in West Lake,a typical urban lake in eastern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Elucidating the bacterioplankton spatial distribution patterns and its determinants is a central topic in ecological research. However, research on...     

废弃水基钻井液固相物与蚯蚓粪协同土壤化研究

将废弃水基钻井液中的固相物质(以下简称固相物)与蚯蚓粪按不同比例混合制成试样土壤,用其种植景观植物空心菜和黑麦草,测定试样土壤的物理性质,分析种植过程试样土壤有机质、氮素、磷素的变化,对比植物种植前后试样土壤重金属含量的变化。结果表明,蚯蚓粪能够有效改善试样土壤物理性质,提高试样土壤肥力;为使试样土壤用于景观植物种植,固相物所占比例(以质量比计)宜在1∶8以下,固相物∶蚯蚓粪为1∶10时植物长势更佳;试样土壤在种植景观植物后重金属含量均有降低。可见,利用固相物与蚯蚓粪协同土壤化并通过种植重金属超富集植物降低试样土壤重金属,是固相物无害化处理的可行方法。     

饱和粉末活性炭电化学再生研究

采用电化学再生法对吸附处理染料废水产生的饱和粉末活性炭(PAC)进行再生,以NaCl为电解质,考察了电源类型、pH、再生时间、电压和NaCl浓度对活性炭再生率的影响,并对活性炭表面酸性含氧官能团进行测定。结果表明:(1)在pH=1、直流电压为6V、NaCl为6g/L、再生90min的最佳条件下,采用单室反应器,饱和PAC再生率达到59.09%。(2)电极循环伏安曲线结果表明,饱和PAC电极表面发生氧化反应,与主电极直接和间接氧化共同作用,使活性炭表面吸附的污染物降解。活性炭表面酸性含氧官能团滴定和红外光谱测试结果进一步表明,电化学再生法使活性炭表面基团得到恢复。     

间歇曝气序批式活性污泥法处理农村废水及其效果的模拟预测

采用两种不同运行模式的间歇曝气序批式活性污泥反应器(IASBR)处理农村废水,反应器连续稳定运行235d,考察了5个工况下,缺氧/好氧循环次数、进水碳氮比(C/N,质量比)、水力停留时间(HRT)等对总有机碳(TOC)、氨氮、TN、TP去除效果的影响。在进水C/N低时,缺氧/好氧循环次数为4的1~#IASBR的脱氮效率及稳定性明显比缺氧/好氧循环次数为2的2~#IASBR高,而脱碳和除磷效果无显著差异。氨氮去除方面,在进水C/N较低的工况1(C/N平均为2.3)、工况2(C/N平均为2.2)和工况4(C/N平均为2.0)下,1~#IASBR的出水氨氮质量浓度明显比2~#IASBR更低,而在进水C/N相对较高时两者无显著差异。TN去除与氨氮去除有类似规律。构建以进水TOC、氨氮、TN、TP、C/N和HRT、缺氧/好氧循环次数为输入的反向传播人工神经网络(BP-ANN)模型,对TOC、氨氮、TN、TP的去除率进行模拟预测,结果显示以上4个输出参数在训练组中的预测结果和实际检测结果之间绝对平均误差分别为2.65%、5.27%、3.56%、34.56%,在测试组中的预测结果和实际检测结果之间绝对平均误差分别为2.74%、3.40%、5.13%、28.32%。     

天津地区生态沟渠不同植物配置对氮磷去除效果研究

为筛选适宜天津地区的生态沟渠及提高其净化效果,设置了2组沟渠植物配置试验,研究不同植物配置模式下沟渠氮磷去除效果。结果表明:在沟底种植不同水生蔬菜中,空心菜(Ipomoea aquatica)对氮磷的净化作用较好,总氮、总磷的去除率分别为49.00%、56.05%。在沟壁种植不同护坡植物中,水葱(Scirpus validus)对氨氮、总磷的拦截较好,去除率分别为40.74%、45.24%,显著高于油莎草(Cyperus esculentus L.)和梭鱼草(Pontederia cordata)。综合比较2组植物配置模式的沟渠,以空心菜(沟底)+水葱(沟壁)植物配置的生态沟渠氮磷去除效果最佳,总氮、硝态氮、氨氮和总磷的去除率分别为49.00%、59.04%、43.91%、56.05%。该植物搭配生态沟渠是适宜天津地区治理氮磷污染的一种可行模式,研究成果将为治理天津地区面源污染提供技术指导。     

表面活性剂对焦化污染土壤中多环芳烃淋洗修复研究

异位土壤淋洗是一种高效修复污染土壤技术。以孝义市某焦化厂污染土壤为研究对象,采用批处理实验,探究表面活性剂曲拉通-100(TX-100)、吐温80(TW80)、烷基糖苷(APG)作为淋洗剂对土壤中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的淋洗效果,并以TW80为代表,考察了淋洗剂浓度、淋洗时间、pH以及淋洗方式对污染土壤中PAHs的去除效果。结果表明,TW80、TX-100和APG对土壤中16种PAHs的总去除率分别为25.67%、18.89%和16.77%。TW80作为淋洗剂,3环PAHs的去除率低于高环(3环)PAHs,主要与焦化污染土壤中以3环PAHs为主有关;高环PAHs随着环数的增加,去除率降低。焦化污染土壤中PAHs的去除在240min达到平衡;大部分PAHs去除率随TW80浓度的增加而增大;pH可不作调整;在TW80用量相同情况下,建议采用单次淋洗。