电子垃圾的循环利用

电子垃圾成为当今面临的亟待解决的难题,用科学的发展观对国内外垃圾回收循环利用实例,特别是我国在电子垃圾处理方面的举措进行了认真分析和阐述,提出以循环经济、资源的利用回收解决环境问题的具体措施和建议。     

沈阳市生活垃圾分类收集示范工作现状、存在的问题及建议

介绍了沈阳市的生活垃圾分类收集情况,分析了存在的问题,提出了下一步工作的建议。     

Variations of dominant microbial populations in groundwater in response to the leachate from Laogang Landfill

Temporal changes of dominant microbial populations in groundwater in response to the leachate from Shanghai Laogang Landfill were investigated. Concentrations of dissolved redox-relevant species in groundwater suggested that the dominating redox process had changed from denitrification to methane-production/sulfate-reduction due to landfilling. Dominant microbial populations were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) analyses of 16S rRNA gene libraries, which were further studied by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The results indicated that obvious shifts of dominant microbial populations had occurred in groundwater in response to the pollution of leachate. The closest relatives of some dominant clones are accordant with the dominating redox processes determined by hydrochemical analyses, based on the GenBank‘s indications on the ability to perform redox reactions.     

英国的医疗废物分类管理方法

本文简要介绍了英国对医疗废物的分类，以及根据废物管理的等级制度．对医院垃圾实行的分类收集方法．以期能对我国完善有关医院垃圾分类收集的规章制度提供建议。     

城市生活垃圾填埋场中抗生素残留特征研究

为研究城市生活垃圾填埋场中抗生素的残留及其浓度特征,采集上海市老港填埋场中固体废弃物和渗滤液样本,采用超高效液相色谱三重四级杆质谱联用技术(UPLC-3Q-MS)检测抗生素浓度.结果显示,固体废弃物和渗滤液中四环素类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内脂类及β-内酰胺类抗生素的检出浓度范围分别为0.1~4.9μg·kg~(-1),nd~3245.0 ng·L~(-1)、nd~16.3μg·kg~(-1),nd~1360.0 ng·L~(-1)、0.2~367.5μg·kg~(-1),nd~6950.0ng·L~(-1)、LOQ~8.4μg·kg~(-1),0.3~9450.0 ng·L~(-1)及nd~2.8μg·kg~(-1),nd~293.5 ng·L~(-1).抗生素浓度在垃圾填埋场中的分布存在时空差异,填埋场1.5 m处固体废弃物中抗生素的浓度高于0.5 m处,新鲜渗滤液中抗生素浓度大于老龄渗滤液.研究结果为可今后垃圾填埋场中残留抗生素的治理提供理论依据.     

里昂——Pollutec 2004

Pollutec 2004, the International Exhibition of Environment Equipment, Technologies and Services, was held from 30th November to 3rd December in Lyon in association with ADEME Energies 2004, the Energy Saving and Renewables show. This major event took place for the 20th time and welcome 2403 exhibitors, it occupied a total area of more than 88,000 M2 and drew over 65000 visitors from manufacturing or local authorities in a hundred countries. With so many visitors and stands, Pollutec 2004 can be the world‘s largest show case this year for solutions-equipment and services-in all areas of the environment: water, waste/recycling, air, clean and renewable sources of energy, decontamination of polluted sites and soils, risk prevention etc. How was it looking like? What were the specific contents? What did the stands and visitors say? Below is the brief introduction to the show and interviews made by our journalist who went to attend the event during that time.     

国外感染性废弃物的管理

感染性废气物对人们的身心健康有极大的威胁．然而从目前的实际情况来看，相当一部分是与一般城市生活垃圾混合在一起处理的情况较常见。鉴于上述情况．文中将欧美日发达国家对感染性废气物的收集．管理及处理情况给予介绍。     

杨凌生活垃圾处置方法的可行性分析

根据对杨凌城区不同功能区生活垃圾的现场采样,由垃圾的物理组成、含水率、低位热值全N、全P、全K含量以及垃圾中可堆腐物和筛下物中的重金属含量的测定结果,分析了应用填埋、焚烧和堆肥法对杨凌城区生活垃圾进行处置的可行性,对采用填埋、焚烧+填埋、堆肥+填埋处置生活垃圾的投资、社会等综合效益进行了分析。结果表明,焚烧+填埋的处置方式虽然在占用土地量、稳定化时间、减量化程度以及废物削减率等方面具有特殊的优势,但由于投资和处理费用过高,使这一方法在应用中受到限制。从技术、经济、政策等方面综合可虑,采用堆肥+简易填埋的处置方式是比较适合杨凌生活垃圾的特点。     

热分析-质谱联用分析生物垃圾热解机理

采用热分析-质谱联用技术研究了城市生活垃圾中三种生物质成分的热解过程,并采用Freeman-Carroll法定量分析了三种生物质热重动力学参数。结果表明木屑、落叶和菜叶这类生物质热解过程分为三个阶段,先是水分析出的微小失重阶段,之后是因纤维素等大分子进行交联缩聚的快速热解阶段,表现为放热效应,逸出的气体主要有H2O、CO2、C2H6/C2H4和CH4,最后是吸热脱链解聚的缓慢热解过程,逸出的小分子气体主要有CO2。     

富含甲烷的可再生资源重整制氢的研究进展

将富含甲烷气体的可再生资源用于重整制氢不仅可以节省天然气等不可再生资源,同时可以减少CH4、CO2等温室气体的排放,因此具有节约能源和保护环境两方面的重大意义。文章分析了可再生资源的富含甲烷气体的种类及其特性,以及该种可再生资源作为重整制氢原材料的优势和可能转化途径,并综述了国内外在这一领域近几年的研究工作,最后对富含甲烷气体的可再生资源作为制氢原料的前景进行了展望。