负载型纳米TiO2光催化降解水中微量溶解性间二甲苯

以高压汞灯为光源 ,采用浸涂 -烧结法制备的负载型纳米TiO2 作为光催化剂 ,通过对水中微量溶解性间二甲苯的光催化氧化过程的研究表明 ,初始浓度在 6 .6 8— 17.36mg/L的范围内 ,间二甲苯的光催化反应遵循表观一级反应动力学规律 ,反应的表观速率常数随溶液初始浓度的增大而减小 ,半衰期则随初始浓度的增大而增加 ,经 1.5h反应后 ,溶液中间二甲苯的去除率从 17.36mg/L的 5 4 .4 4 %增加到 6 .6 8mg/L的 75 .90 %。     

微电解接触氧化系统处理水源中2-氯酚研究

在微电解接触氧化系统中,研究了2-氯酚的降解特性和机理。在酸性溶液中,2-氯酚的降解效率比其在中性和碱性溶液的高。向其中加入活性炭,由于表面催化的作用使得2-氯酚更易降解。溶液中的溶解氧参与电极反应并促进2-氯酚的降解。降解产物有1,2-苯二酚、丙三醇、草酸和乙酸。通过对中间产物的分析,提出了2-氯酚可能的降解途径。     

玉米中四种镰刀菌毒素系统检测方法的研究

本文用气相色谱仪同步检测霉变玉米中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、二乙酰氧基镳草镰刀菌烯醇、Ｔ－２毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮四种镰刀菌毒素,并筛选出较理想的衍生化试剂和衍生化条件。确定从玉米中对极性不同的四种毒素都有较高回收率的萃取、净化程序。建立了玉米中四种毒素的系统检测方法。本方法对四种毒素的回收率均达到８０％以上。     

Performance on a Work-Simulating Firefighter Test Versus Approved Laboratory Tests for Firefighters and Applicants

Aim. Firefighters must meet minimum physical demands. The Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority (NLIA) has approved a standardised treadmill walking test and 3 simple strength tests for smoke divers. The results of the Trondheim test were compared with those of the NLIA tests taking into account possible effects of age, experience level and gender. Methods. Four groups of participants took part in the tests: 19 young experienced firefighters, 24 senior male firefighters and inexperienced applicants, 12 male and 8 female. Results. Oxygen uptake (V_O2) at exhaustion rose linearly by the duration of the treadmill test. Time spent on the Trondheim test was closely related to performance time and peak V_O2 on the treadmill test. Senior experienced firefighters did not perform better than equally fit young applicants. However, female applicants performed poorer on the Trondheim test than on the treadmill test. Performance on the Trondheim test was not closely related to muscle strength beyond a minimum. Conclusion. Firefighters completing the Trondheim test in under 19 min fit the requirements of the NLIA treadmill test. The Trondheim test can be used as an alternative to the NLIA tests for testing aerobic fitness but not for muscular strength. Women’s result of the Trondheim test were poorer than the results of the NLIA treadmill test, probably because of their lower body mass.     

Estimation of Aerobic Capacity and Determination of Its Associated Factors Among Male Workers of Industrial Sector of Iran

Introduction. The aim of this study was to estimate maximal aerobic capacity (V_O2max), to determine its associated factors among workers of industrial sector of Iran and to develop a regression equation for subjects’ V_O2max. Methods. In this study, 500 healthy male workers employed in Shiraz industries participated voluntarily. The subjects’ V_O2max was assessed with the ergocycle test according to the Åstrand protocol. Required data was collected with a questionnaire covering demographic details (i.e., age, job tenure, marital status, education, nature of work, shift work, smoking and weekly exercises). Results. The subject’s mean V_O2max was 2.69 ± 0.263 L/min. The results showed that there was an association between V_O2max and age, BMI, hours of exercise and smoking, but there was no association between V_O2max and height, weight, nature of work and working schedule. On the basis of the results, regression equations were developed to estimate V_O2max. Conclusion. Final regression equation developed in this study may be used to estimate V_O2max reliably without the need to use other laboratory instruments for aerobic measurement.     

Photocatalytic degradation of dye effluent by titanium dioxide pillar pellets in aqueous solution

Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) process is an effective way to deal with organic pollutants in wastewater which could be difficult to be degraded by conventional biological treatment methods. Normally the TiO2 powder in nanometre size range was directly used as photocatalyst for dye degradation in wastewater. However the titanium dioxide powder was arduous to be recovered from the solution after treatment. In this application, a new form of TiO2(i. e. pillar pellets ranging from 2.5 to 5.3 mm long and with a diameter of 3.7 mm) was used and investigated for photocatalytic degradation of textile dye effluent. A test system was built with a flat plate reactor(FPR) and UV light source(blacklight and solar simulator as light source respectively) for investigating the effectiveness of the new form of TiO2. It was found that the photocatalytic process under this configuration could efficiently remove colours from textile dyeing effluent. Comparing with the TiO2 powder, the pellet was very easy to recovered from the treated solution and can be reused in multiple times without the significant change on the photocatalytic property. The results also showed that to achieve the same photocatalytic performance, the FPR area by pellets was about 91% smaller than required by TiO2 powder. At least TiO2 pellet could be used as an alternative form of photocatalyst in applications for textile effluent treatment process, also other wastewater treatment processes.     

改性Ti/SnO2-Sb电极催化降解1,4-二氯苯废水试验研究

采用聚合物前驱体法制备了未掺杂、掺杂Cu、掺杂Bi、掺杂Ni的4种Ti/Sn O2-Sb电极,运用SEM和XRD分析电极表面形貌及结构,通过线性极化扫描、循环伏安等测试考察其电化学性能,同时进行1,4二氯苯(p-DCB)降解实验进一步探究电极的电催化氧化特性.SEM和XRD结果表明,掺杂金属可改善电极表面形貌,增大其比表面积;电化学测试表明,Ti/Sn O2-Sb电极的析氧电位并未因金属掺杂而有明显改变,掺杂金属后,Ti/Sn O2-Sb电极具有更优的电催化活性和稳定性.p-DCB降解实验表明,改性Ti/Sn O2-Sb电极对p-DCB的降解效率明显提高,其中Ti/Sn O2-Sb-Cu电极的电催化处理效果最优,电解2 h后p-DCB的去除率即达到87.6%,且p-DCB的降解反应遵循一级反应动力学规律.     

Mn-Cu-O负载型催化剂上CO氧化性能的研究

研究了ＺｒＯ２或Ａｌ２Ｏ３负载Ｍｎ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ体系催化剂ＣＯ催化氧化活性，以及物相结构，表面氧性能与活性的关系。结果表明，锆基催化剂的氧化活性明显优于铝基催化剂，起燃温度Ｔ５０低达５０℃，ＺｒＯ２载 利于活性组份形成高活性物相，并促进表面吸附氧的脱附，表现出催化剂表面吸附氧的脱附温度高低次序与其氧化活性有一致的对应关系。     

ClO2消毒工艺对污水处理厂出水超级耐药基因的影响

为了研究二氧化氯（chlorine dioxide,ClO₂）消毒工艺对污水处理厂出水中超级耐药基因（super antibiotic resistance genes,SARGs）的去除效果,对污水处理厂出水消毒前后的水样进行了全年采集,并采用微孔滤膜正压过滤法及核酸吸附柱-洗脱法分别富集水中细菌和胞外核酸后,利用荧光定量PCR技术对其中的9种SARGs进行定量检测.结果表明,无论是胞内还是胞外核酸,均有NDM-1、MCR-1 和MEC-A被检测出;同时,ClO₂消毒后上述3种SARGs的胞内相对总浓度明显上升（P<0.05）,且ClO₂消毒对胞内SARGs相对浓度的影响与季节有关,其中春季、夏季和秋季均发生上升,且春季升高最为明显,达2倍,而冬季出水在消毒前后均未测出胞内SARGs;胞外SARGs则在ClO₂消毒前后没有明显浓度变化.因此,ClO₂消毒不能有效去除污水处理厂出水中胞内和胞外SARGs污染.     

T-2毒素的毒性效应及致毒机制研究进展

T-2毒素是由多种镰刀菌产生的单端孢霉烯族化合物中毒性较强的一种毒素,广泛存在于谷物和谷类食品中.经食物连续摄入T-2毒素会对人类和动物的健康造成潜在危害.目前,T-2毒素对人和动物健康的影响受到了社会的广泛关注,已成为毒理学领域研究的热点课题之一.在综述了T-2毒素的生物转化、代谢途径及其毒理学效应与机制基础上,对现...