水平管内不同煤质煤尘爆炸火焰传播特性实验研究

为研究水平管道空间不同煤质煤尘爆炸火焰传播特性,选取褐煤、长焰煤、不粘煤、气煤4种煤尘,对爆炸火焰焰峰特性、火焰加速传播特性、火焰传播距离与持续时间展开研究。研究结果表明:褐煤在500 ms内焰峰的形状由尖锐向平滑再向钝化不断演变,长焰煤与不粘煤在375 ms时焰峰前端出现明显焰体分离现象,分析认为这与管体冷壁效应、空间尺度效应及空间氧气消耗直接相关;气煤在375 ms时焰峰出现大面积火焰碎纹,说明气煤爆炸火焰猛烈传播的持续时间相对较短,整体爆炸强度相对较弱;褐煤与长焰煤爆炸火焰存在2次间断性加速,分析认为这与管体空间受限、常温管壁散热、局部助燃氧气瞬间不足等因素有关;褐煤在爆炸后400～600 ms内火焰2次加速完全,火焰传播距离达740 mm,明显大于长焰煤、不粘煤与气煤,说明低变质褐煤爆炸火焰持续时间更长,火焰传播距离更远且传播更剧烈;虽然气煤火焰最远传播距离比长焰煤大30 mm,但由于气煤火焰在375 ms左右出现大片火焰碎纹,因此气煤整体的爆炸强度小于长焰煤。     

不同煤层煤氧化自燃性实验分析

为研究不同煤层煤自然发火特征的异同性及规律,以淮南矿区1号、3号、6号、13号煤层为研究对象,通过自然发火实验,对不同煤层煤的自然发火期周期、煤样70℃时放热强度和R70值进行分析。研究结果表明:4个不同煤层煤样自燃性由强到弱依次为:3煤>6煤>1煤>13煤;变质程度相近的4个煤层,3煤自然发火期最短,这与煤体中硫分和水分含量高有关;13煤变质程度较高,且前期放热强度、耗氧速率增长缓慢,其自燃性较弱;4个不同煤层煤的耗氧速率、CO,CO2产生率,以及C2H4/C2H6值随煤温升高具有相似的变化规律;煤中CH4气体大量解吸出现于煤温60℃之前,煤中灰分在80~120℃开始逐渐吸热融化,解析和融化均会抑制煤氧接触并且减小煤氧反应放热总量。     

煤与瓦斯共采在错层位巷道布置中的机理研究及应用构想

为了完善现有煤与瓦斯共采技术,创新煤与瓦斯共采方法,对错层位巷道布置下的煤与瓦斯共采系统展开研究,利用相似模拟试验,分析错层位巷道布置覆岩运动情况,预测其开采围岩裂隙发育和瓦斯运移形式,提出了创新煤与瓦斯共采技术构想。研究结果表明:采空区覆岩三带高度随接续工作面的增加而增大,相邻采空区垮落矸石压实区呈现“O-L-O”形变化,多个相邻采空区覆岩出现大“O”形圈裂隙带;相邻采空区内瓦斯可实现相互运移,大“O”形圈裂隙带内赋存大量瓦斯气体;研究提出了地面钻井抽采瓦斯、走向高位瓦斯抽采巷和外错尾巷穿层钻孔3种煤与瓦斯共采技术,比传统巷道布置情况下的煤与瓦斯共采技术在安全、经济等方面更具优势。     

Depth perception,dark adaptation,vigilance and accident proneness of Chinese coal mine workers

To explore the relationships between human factors and accident proneness of coal mine workers, the depth perception, dark adaptation and vigilance abilities of 239 Chinese coal mine workers were tested and their accident proneness was surveyed with an accident proneness questionnaire. The results indicated that dark adaptation and vigilance abilities of the mine workers declined with increasing age. Vigilance had a significant negative relationship with accident proneness. There were significant differences in vigilance between coal mine workers doing different types of work. Individual difference in vigilance was relevant to the type of work that an individual did in a coal mine. The dark adaptation index had a significant positive relationship with accident proneness. Coal mine workers with weaker dark adaptation ability were also more accident prone. Some ergonomics recommendations concerning coal mine safety management in China are proposed.     

循环载荷下煤裂隙演化试验研究

为了研究循环载荷下的煤体裂隙演化特征,在不同应力水平和不同频率条件下分别进行煤样破坏力学及声发射试验。结果表明:应力-应变曲线呈疏-密-疏的变化特征,对应的振铃数柱状图呈U型;上限应力点的应变值、累积能量、撞击计数均随循环次数增加而上升,曲线呈倒S型;煤裂隙演化经历了原始裂隙闭合、新生裂隙稳定发育和裂纹贯穿破坏等3个不同阶段;循环载荷的应力水平和加载频率对煤体疲劳寿命的影响具有差异性,对煤体裂隙演化和破坏模式均有明显影响。     

分段变速加载对含瓦斯突出煤力学特性影响试验研究

为探究采动应力变化对含瓦斯突出煤力学特性的影响,利用RLW-500G煤岩三轴蠕变-渗流试验系统,对新景矿含瓦斯突出煤进行了不同围压和瓦斯压力下的常规三轴和分段变速加载力学试验。结果表明:煤样在2种应力路径下的全应力应变曲线均可分为压密、线弹性、塑性变形、应力跌落和残余应力5个阶段;随着围压的升高或者瓦斯压力的降低,煤体在2种应力路径下的强度和弹性模量均增大;相较于常规三轴,煤体在分段变速加载路径下的强度普遍增大,峰值轴向应变、峰值环向应变绝对值和峰值体积应变绝对值也普遍增大,失稳破坏瞬间应力跌落和能量释放更加剧烈。Mohr-Coulomb强度准则仍然适用于分段变速加载条件下的含瓦斯突出煤,该研究对于认识煤与瓦斯突出的发生机制具有一定的指导意义。     

不同自燃倾向性煤的指标气体产生规律实验研究

为研究不同自燃倾向性煤的自燃指标气体变化规律,提高对煤早期自燃预测预报的准确度,采用程序升温实验系统,得到内蒙古褐煤、神东长焰煤、河南气煤及枣庄焦煤4种不同变质程度煤的氧化时间随温度的变化关系,以及指标气体浓度在煤氧化过程中的变化规律。结果表明:自燃倾向性最高的褐煤应以CO和乙烯作为煤自燃早期预报的首选指标气体;易自燃的长焰煤应采用乙烯和烯烷比为主、以CO为辅的煤自燃判定指标;自燃倾向性较低的气煤应以乙烯和烯烷比作为煤自燃预报指标;CO是自燃倾向性最低的焦煤的最佳自燃预报指标气体。     

Coal facies characteristics and its control on methane content in South Yanchuan Block,Southeast Ordos Basin,China

The variability in depositional environments in ancient peat bog and coal facies characteristics was investigated with 29 coal samples from four coalbed methane wells in South Yanchuan Block, Southeast Ordos Basin, China. The control of methane content is described as coal facies parameters and the corresponding measurements of methane content. The results indicated that the depositional environment of ancient peat bog in South Yanchuan Block is primarily a lower delta plain, and a low tissue preservation index (TPI) and high gelification index (GI) are typical features of reservoir’s coal facies, reflecting a deep water depositional environment in ancient peat bog. Compared with the coal facies characteristics of the western area, the coal reservoir in the eastern area displays low GI and high ash content as a result of ancient peat bog’s proximity to sea and source area. Various lateral methane contents are influenced by burial depth, whereas the characteristics of coal facies have a strong control on methane content within the single well in vertical direction. The methane content increases with increase in GI and vitrinite to inertinite ratio (V:I), while there are indistinct relationships between TPI and transportation index with methane content. With high GI and longer distance to sea and source area, the methane content in the western area is higher than that of the eastern area. High desmocollinite content also has a negative influence on methane content.     

Volatile Organic Compounds from Coal Tar and Soil Vapor Samples at MGP Sites

This study characterized organic compounds found in New York State manufactured gas plant (MGP) coal tar vapors using controlled laboratory experiments from four separate MGP sites. In addition, a limited number of deep (0.3–1.2 m above coal tar) and shallow (1.2–2.4 m above coal tar) soil vapor samples were collected above the in situ coal tar source at three of these sites. A total of 29 compounds were consistently detected in the laboratory-generated coal tar vapors at 50°C, whereas 24 compounds were detected at 10°C. The compounds detected in the field sample results were inconsistent with the compounds found in the laboratory-generated samples. Concentrations of compounds in the shallow soil vapor sample were either non-detectable or substantially lower than those found in deeper samples, suggesting attenuation in the vadose zone. Laboratory-generated data at 50°C compared the (% non-aromatic)/(% aromatic) ratio and indicated that this ratio may provide good discrimination between coal tar vapor and common petroleum distillates.     

臭氧氧化—包埋菌流化床生物处理组合工艺深度处理煤气化废水

采用臭氧氧化—包埋菌流化床生物处理组合工艺对煤气化废水进行深度处理。实验结果表明：当臭氧的质量浓度20 mg/L、臭氧进气流量1.5 L/min、臭氧通气时间30 min、包埋菌流化床水力停留时间24 h时,臭氧氧化工序的COD去除率达到30.0%~40.0%,总酚去除率达到100.0%;包埋菌流化床工序的COD去除率达到60.0%以上,氨氮的去除率大于95.0%;经组合工艺处理后,出水COD<60 mg/L,ρ（氨氮）<1.0 mg/L,ρ（总酚）未检出,色度小于50倍,达到GB8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级排放标准。