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1.
Chengyuan Gong Yi Yu Kaiqiang Wang Zhengkai Tu 《International Journal of Green Energy》2020,17(10):591-601
ABSTRACT In this study, a three-dimension (3D) computational model was proposed to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the intake grilles of two different fuel cell vehicles. The models of the intake grilles were constructed according to the actual sizes of two vehicles, namely, Roewe 950 and Toyota Mirai, considering the heat dissipation unit to simplify the heat transfer model of the vehicle. The results showed that relative to Roewe 950, Mirai intake air flow rate was approximately 10% higher, the heat transfer capacity was approximately 7% higher, and the intake grille area was larger. The coolant outlet temperature of Mirai was lower than that of Roewe 950, which was beneficial for the long term and stable operation of a fuel cell. This comparative study provided guidance for the intake grille and radiator design of fuel cell vehicles. The only difference between fuel cell vehicles on the market and conventional vehicles was that in the former, the internal combustion engine was replaced with a fuel cell stack, which had insufficient heat transfer capacity because of the reducing temperature difference. Increasing the intake grille area and the heat exchange capacity of the radiator were the key issues for the development of fuel cell vehicles. In this study, an optimal window opening angle of the radiator fin of 23° provided a maximal heat transfer coefficient. 相似文献
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通过对宁波台地倾斜近几年来观测资料的分析,发现其在皎口几组地震事件前有不同程度的异常反应。在分量图上,震前出现了短临期前兆异常反应特征,并且有异常时间越长,幅度越大,地震震级就越高的特点。此外还对异常出现的成因作了探讨 相似文献
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表面活性剂能够增强植物叶面滞尘能力,研究不同表面活性剂对植物滞尘能力的影响,对于利用植物防治粉尘污染有重要意义。以LAS、DTAB、AR和APG200为喷洒试剂,研究了8种植物吸附表面活性剂后滞留粉尘的重量、组分。结果表明,LAS浓度、植物种类、表面活性剂类型对滞尘量和面积比具有显著影响(P<0.05);表面活性剂能够有效提高植物滞尘能力,LAS、DTAB效果优于生物型AR、APG200,且测试叶面滞尘量的变化与叶面接触角无明显关系;LAS使除朴树外所有植物的滞尘能力增加的浓度为0.2 g/L,而对滞留粉尘组分改变较大的浓度为0.5 g/L;此外,表面活性剂能改变滞留粉尘的组分,但不具有明显的规律性,粉尘的遮光比变化趋势与叶面滞尘量基本相似。 相似文献
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结构面对隧道围岩变形及稳定性起着决定性作用。运用三维离散元方法(3DEC)研究结构面分布特征,重点是结构面线密度1/λ、强度和倾角对隧道围岩变形的影响,总结了结构面分布与围岩变形特征的关系。结果表明,在结构面强度较低的情况下,结构面线密度对隧道变形的影响较大,其影响可分为两种情况:①λ≤0.2时,围岩的弯曲变形大于沿结构面的剪切变形,属于应力型大变形;②0.2<λ≤0.4时,沿结构面的剪切变形大于围岩的弯曲变形,属于结构型大变形。结构面倾角主要影响围岩大变形发生的位置。将数值模拟结果与国内工程实例实测变形资料相对比,发现一致性较好。本研究结果对隧道支护结构的设计以及施工设计具有借鉴意义与指导作用。 相似文献
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Many regions of the world are predicted to experience water scarcity due to more frequent and more severe droughts and increased water demands. Water use efficiency by plants can be negatively affected by soil water repellency (SWR). It is timely to review existing techniques to remedy SWR. Ideally remediation addresses the origins of a problem. However, the fundamental mechanisms of how and why SWR develops are still poorly understood. In this review it was hypothesized that SWR occurs where the balance of input-decomposition of organic matter is impaired, due to either increased input or decreased decomposition rates of hydrophobic substances. Direct and indirect strategies to remedy SWR were distinguished. While direct remediation aims at abolishing the causes of SWR, indirect strategies seek to manage sites with SWR by treating its symptoms. The 12 reviewed strategies include applying surfactants, clay, slow-release fertilizers, lime, and fungicides, bioremediation of SWR through stimulating earthworms, choosing adapted vegetation, irrigation, cultivation, soil aeration and compaction. Some of the techniques have been applied successfully only in laboratory experiments. Our review highlights that it is not straightforward to cure SWR based on easily measurable and site-specific soil and vegetation properties, and that long-term, large-scale field experiments are required to improve the understanding of the evolution of SWR as cornerstone to develop cost-effective and efficient remediation strategies. We also identified current research gaps around the diagnosis and prevention of SWR. 相似文献