好氧/厌氧潜流湿地微生物多样性与净化能力的关系

好氧/厌氧多级串联潜流人工湿地对COD和NH4＋-N具有较高的去除率.为了探究该类型湿地高效去除污染物的具体机制,采用荧光素双醋酸酯（FDA）法、4,6-联脒—2-苯基吲哚（DAPI）法和BIOLOG法测定了人工湿地基质中微生物的活性、数量和代谢功能多样性,并分析其与水质净化能力之间的相关性.结果表明,沿水流方向,OA...     

A rough set-based quality function deployment (QFD) approach for environmental performance evaluation: a case of offshore oil and gas operations

Activities in offshore oil and gas (OOG) that cause environmental impacts can be systematically managed through an environmental management system (EMS). Environmental performance evaluation (EPE) is an essential part of an EMS. However, previous studies on EPE indicate that existing lists of indicators little insight into how indicators are modified to more accurately assess environmental performance.In this paper, a way is proposed to identify and define specific environmental performance indicators on a case-by-case basis, which consists of five steps: (1) describing environmental requirements; (2) determining favourable outcomes corresponding to the requirements; (3) identifying required activities or issues to achieve the outcomes; (4) searching for proper measures of the activities or issues; and (5) generating a list of key indicators. Based on these steps, a quality function deployment (QFD) approach is developed to determine key indicators and evaluate environmental performance. To handle uncertainties in QFD, the decision makers’ evaluations are quantified through rough numbers using the concept of rough sets. The outputs of the proposed approach are different environmental performance indices. Using these indices, decision makers can easily determine whether an improved performance has been achieved through an EMS. The proposed approach is transparent and promising for use as a unified tool for EPE. An application of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a numerical example.     

The pollution release and transfer register system in the U.S. and Japan: an analysis of productivity

This study analyzes Total Factor Productivity (TFP), which includes all categories of productivity. Our measure investigates productivity in the context of the provision and dissemination of environmental information policies. We investigated data on the emission of toxic chemical substances for the U.S. and Japanese manufacturing firms, including 386 firms for the period 1999-2007 and 466 firms for the period 2001-2008. The results show that productivity improved in all nine industrial sectors and that pollution levels were high in the U.S. and Japan from 2001 to 2007. In particular, the electronics industry improved rapidly after 2002 in both countries, which may be attributed to the enforcement of RoHS and the REACH directive in Europe. As a result of these stringent policies on toxic chemical emissions, the U.S. and Japanese firms, many of which export to the European market, have strong incentives to reduce their toxic chemical emissions.     

小型垃圾转运站渗滤液特性及其对城市水环境的影响

对两个城市的小型垃圾转运站现状进行了分析,并对其渗滤液产生量及渗滤液性质进行了监测。结果表明:小型垃圾转运站转运量小、分布密集;深圳垃圾转运站产生的混合污水并入城市污水管网,常州的小型垃圾转运站,产生的渗滤液及冲洗废水50%直接排入了河道;转运站排放的混合污水,除汞外,其他指标远超GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》及CJ 3082-1999《污水排入城市下水道水质标准》,小型垃圾转运站排放的污染物中,以COD负荷最高,其次是BOD5。大量的有机物排入城市污水厂,对污水厂的正常运行造成冲击,如果直接排入水体,更加速了水体的污染,因此,常州市城市排水系统优化改造及垃圾转运站的截污、治理势在必行。     

几种常用屋顶绿化植物的耐热性评价

耐热性足屋顶绿化植物必备的指标之一.试验采用盆栽法,选择佛甲草、沿阶草、高羊茅、白三叶4种屋顶绿化常用植物,研究了在高温胁迫条件下植株的形态特征、脯氨酸含量、超氧岐化酶含量、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量.结果表明:所有参试植物的生长和生理指标都随热胁迫的程度而变化,但植物之间差异显著.其耐热性强弱顺序为:佛甲草...     

城市废弃工矿区土地再利用研究

加快城市废弃工矿区土地再利用,已成为发展矿区循环经济、提高城市土地利用效率有效途径之一。在对城市废弃工矿区土地再利用的相关概念界定的基础上．对城市废弃工矿区土地再利用理论和技术进行了综述,并提出存在的问题及建议。     

鄱阳湖生态经济区农村生活垃圾的处理主体及功能研究

鄱阳湖生态经济区农村生活垃圾处理现状不容乐观。本文通过对鄱阳湖生态经济区农村垃圾处置现状的调查分析,从农村生活垃圾处理的四个主体：政府、村民、企业、学校等出发,探索四类主体功能实现的途径及方式,即突出政府职能,强化村民主人意识,鼓励企业加入,夯实学校基础,长期坚持,持续推进,以解决垃圾的日益增长与垃圾处理的矛盾,实现政府、群众、企业与环境的共赢,经济、社会、环境效益的统一,共同造就鄱阳湖生态经济区的美好生活。     

太子河水环境质量与生态系统服务功能价值分析

以太子河观音阁水库下游地区为例,通过野外采样分析和相关数据的收集和整理,从生态功能的角度出发,探讨和研究该地区不同经济发展模式对当地水环境的影响,并就适宜于当地的生态发展模式进行了探讨。     

基于景观功能与稳定性的矿区规划环境影响评价研究——以晋中煤炭基地西山矿区为例

应用景观生态学方法,结合煤矿区规划环评的特点,从景观功能与稳定性评价入手,建立了三层次的适用于煤矿区规划评价的指标体系。并以晋中煤矿基地——西山矿区为例,进行矿区规划景观功能与稳定性评价的研究。结果表明,在煤矿区规划开发活动中,应加强采煤沉陷区的治理和恢复,注重水土保持和景观破碎化的改善,以减少规划对景观功能和稳定性的破坏。运用本次确定的评价体系进行定量计算的结果与常规的景观定性分析结论基本一致,但该指标体系还需要从区域生态承载力人均化、加强污染物变化情况远期预测和细化地表沉陷引起土地面积损失几个方面加以改进和完善。     

中国水污染控制费用函数研究现状、问题与趋势

本研究对上个世纪八十年代起至今各个不同时期费用函数的研究内容、研究成果、研究目的进行全面梳理和分析,总结中国费用函数研究中六种费用函数模型,重点分析了费用-去除效率模型以及费用-规模、去除效率两种应用最为广泛的模型应用成果。在此基础上,分析中国费用函数研究中存在的五个方面主要问题。结合国家水专项项目费用函数研究目的,提出国家层面上开展费用函数研究的发展方向。