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141.
142.
分离筛选出3株新的高效锰氧化菌,通过谱系鉴定分别命名为Acidovorax facilis WHW-1(敏捷嗜酸菌)、Acinetobacter bereziniae WHW-2 (别雷斯不动杆菌)和Pantoea dispersa WHW-3(分散泛菌),系统研究了3株菌的锰氧化能力及其原位诱导形成的生物锰氧化物(BMO)特性,以及不同初始Mn(Ⅱ)浓度、As(Ⅲ)浓度等因素对 BMO去除As(Ⅲ)的效果与机制。结果表明:1)当细菌接种比为2%,体系初始Mn(Ⅱ)浓度为65 mg/L时,3株锰氧化菌的生长情况良好,WHW-1、WHW-2和WHW-3在培养2周后,诱导产生的 BMO浓度分别达到0.95,0.76,0.53 mg/L;2)当细菌接种比为2%、体系初始Mn(Ⅱ)浓度分别为15,40,65,100 mg/L时,3种细菌诱导形成的BMO在一定范围内随着Mn(Ⅱ)浓度的升高而升高,但Mn(Ⅱ)浓度过高会抑制BMO形成;3)当细菌接种比为2%,Mn(Ⅱ)浓度为65 mg/L,As(Ⅲ)浓度为1~5 mg/L时,原位形成的 BMO对As(Ⅲ)的去除效率均在97%以上,微观分析表明:3种细菌对As(Ⅲ)的去除以吸附作用和铁锰氧化物共沉淀为主。综上可知,筛选出的3株锰氧化菌能够应用于砷污染水环境的修复。 相似文献
143.
生物转鼓过滤器能有效去除一氧化氮(NO)废气,为进一步提高生物转鼓过滤器的去除效能,实验改变了生物转鼓的填料结构,并与单层填料的生物转鼓进行了比较研究.结果表明,多层填料生物转鼓比单层填料生物转鼓更能有效去除NO,运行也更加稳定.8个月的连续运行实验表明,多层填料生物转鼓对NO去除率稳定在53.9%~93.4%之间,平均去除效率79.8%,而单层填料生物转鼓的平均去除率仅有68.7%;在相同实验条件下,空床停留时间(EBRT)可从单层填料生物转鼓的86.4 s降至多层填料生物转鼓的57.6 s.多层填料生物转鼓的最优工艺条件为,营养液量为1.3~3 L,转速为0.75 r·min-1,在以葡萄糖为碳源时,TOC>1250 mg·L-1后,去除效率增长幅度趋于平缓. 相似文献
144.
为满足大宗废渣经济性处理的需要,从碱性物质、磷酸盐、碳酸盐类药剂筛选出“物美价廉”稳定剂,考察了CaO、MgO和Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2及其与NaHCO3和Na3PO4的组合对电解锰废渣中的可溶性锰的稳定化效果,并采用矿物组成分析、锰价态分析和形态变化探讨可溶性锰固定机理.结果表明:投加10%MgO锰渣中可溶性锰固定率达到100%,9%CaO+5%NaHCO3和9%CaO+5%Na3PO4的组合实现可溶性锰固定率95%以上.上述3组稳定剂将可溶性Mn2+先转变为沉淀态锰进一步转变为高价态含锰物相.后两组中NaHCO3或Na3PO4的加入促进了Mn2+向Mn3+、Mn4+的转化. 相似文献
145.
Microcystin-LR(MC-LR) is the most abundant and toxic microcystin congener and has been classified as a potential human carcinogen(Group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the genotoxic effects of MC-LR during chronic exposure are still poorly understood. In the present study, human–hamster hybrid(AL) cells were exposed to MC-LR for varying lengths of time to investigate the role of nitrogen radicals in MC-LR-induced genotoxicity. The mutagenic potential at the CD59 locus was more than 2-fold higher(p 0.01) in ALcells exposed to a cytotoxic concentration(1 μmol/L) of MC-LR for 30 days than in untreated control cells, which was consistent with the formation of micronucleus. MC-LR caused a dose-dependent increase in nitric oxide(NO) production in treated cells. Moreover, this was blocked by concurrent treatment with the NO synthase inhibitor NG-methyl-L-arginine(L-NMMA), which suppressed MC-LRinduced mutations as well. The survival of mitochondrial DNA-depleted(ρ0) ALcells was markedly decreased by MC-LR treatment compared to that in ALcells, while the CD59 mutant fraction was unaltered. These results provided clear evidence that the genotoxicity associated with chronic MC-LR exposure in mammalian cells was mediated by NO and might be considered as a basis for the development of therapeutics that prevent carcinogenesis. 相似文献
146.
为掌握氧化石墨烯(GO)的水环境风险,以斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)和湖泊微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis limnetica)为研究对象,探究了GO对淡水微藻生长及其生物活性物质(碳水化合物、总蛋白质、总脂)的影响.结果表明,GO对2种微藻具有中等毒性,72h EC50值分别为25.63和48.44mg/L.透射电镜(TEM)观察发现,GO纳米片层既能附着于藻细胞表面也能进入藻细胞内部,造成藻细胞超微结构明显变化,包括:质壁分离;叶绿体收缩;淀粉粒数量减少甚至消失.较低浓度(10mg/L)GO会促进微藻中光合色素(叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素)合成;而较高浓度(100mg/L)GO暴露下,2种微藻的类胡萝卜素和斜生栅藻叶绿素a的含量显著降低.2种浓度的GO总体上刺激了藻细胞内生物活性物质的合成,这是污染胁迫下的一种主动防御机制;而较高浓度GO造成碳水化合物含量显著降低,可能原因是细胞中储能物质由淀粉向中性脂转化. 相似文献
147.
深井曝气法处理环氧丙烷皂化废水 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对深井曝气工艺处理高盐,高pH、高温的环氧丙烷皂化废水进行了主研究,结果表明,CODcr的去除率可达80%,BOD5的去除率可达95%以上。 相似文献
148.
149.
The United States’ legal strategy for addressing climate change in recent years has relied on authority from existing legislation. This has led to measures on a number of different greenhouse gases, notably carbon dioxide, methane and hydrofluorocarbons. However, one greenhouse gas has been largely forgotten: nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide is the third most abundantly emitted greenhouse gas in the U.S. and worldwide, as well as the largest remaining threat to the stratospheric ozone layer. In addition, the nitrogen atoms in nitrous oxide are part of the highly fluid nitrogen cycle where nitrogen atoms transform readily among different chemical forms, each with a unique environmental and human health impact – a process known as the nitrogen cascade. While the science of the nitrogen cascade has been explored for over a decade, there has been little work on the legal implications of this phenomenon. And yet the nitrogen cascade expands the legal options available for controlling nitrous oxide. This paper studies these options in a U.S. context and explores the environmental and economic impacts of enacting them. We determine that the Clean Air Act, and in particular its broad authority for controlling ozone depleting substances, is the most promising legal pathway for regulating nitrous oxide across all major sources. Invoking such authority could generate significant climate and stratospheric ozone benefits over 2015–2030, equivalent to taking 12 million cars permanently off the road, and 100 million chlorofluorocarbon-laden refrigerators out of service. The economic benefits could sum to over $700 billion over 2015–2030, with every $1.00 spent on abating emissions leading to $4.10 in societal benefits. The bulk of these benefits would come from reductions in other forms of nitrogen pollution such as ammonia and nitrate, highlighting the important and multiple co-benefits that could be achieved by abating nitrous oxide emissions. With the Paris Climate Agreement calling for limiting global temperature increases to “well below” two degrees Celsius, all mitigation opportunities across all sectors need to be considered. This paper suggests that nitrous oxide warrants more attention from policy-makers in the U.S. and around the world. 相似文献
150.