Rubber cultivation and sustainable development in Xishuangbanna,China

SUMMARY

Xishuangbanna in southwest China is a tropical and subtropical region with extraordinary traditional cultures and attractive landscapes. Rubber cultivation is a key production source undergoing rapid growth. It contributes substantially to improvement of the local economic situation and partially replaces traditional slash-and-burn agriculture in the uplands, but it also results in biodiversity loss and environmental degradation and disturbs the peaceful life of the indigenous people. We discuss the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) preserved in daily practices and the present types of rubber plantations and suggest the application of TEK, in particular, the indigenous land-use experience to rubber cultivation, in order to promote sustainability in local economic development and ecological well-being.     

浅谈物业管理人才素质培养

培养和提高物业管理人才的素质,适应市场经济的客观需要,是企业在新形势下必须探讨和研究的一个现实课题．该文从我国物业管理人才素质现状及社会对物业管理人才素质要求出发,分析阐述了对物业管理人才素质培养的一点浅见,以供大家参考．参5．     

MnO_2对海底沉积物ANAMMOX菌的富集培养影响

采用上流式固定床反应器,在常温下连续运行,考察MnO2对海洋性ANAMMOX菌富集培养的影响,其中接种的海洋海底沉积物采自大连市附近海域。结果表明,在反应器运行近150 d中,加入MnO2的R1反应器的最大总氮去除速率为137.82 g N/(m3·d),比没有加入MnO2的R2反应器高出近20 g N/(m3·d)。在低温环境(10~15℃)运行时,R1反应器的氨氮和亚硝氮去除率比R2反应器均高出10%,且R1反应器对温度变化的适应性和运行稳定性都好于R2反应器。这表明MnO2的加入确实在一定程度上促进了海洋性ANAMMOX细菌的富集,并增强了ANAMMOX反应器对温度变化的适应性,使其能够在较宽的温度范围下运行。     

Swidden agriculture in a protected area: the Matsigenka native communities of Manu National Park, Peru

In this study, we investigate whether traditional swidden agriculture on nutrient-poor tropical soils can sustainably support a growing indigenous population within Manu National Park, Peru. Based on interviews with 50 Matsigenka farmers, as well as GPS mapping and field visits, we established the location and size of all 124 swidden gardens cultivated in 2000 and 2001. Using a GIS-based soil map of Manu Park, we identify the total extent of potential arable land (1) throughout the park zones currently available for Matsigenka habitation, and (2) within the vicinity of the two study communities. Taking into account current per capita garden size, cultivation and fallow practices, we calculate the maximum human carrying capacity of swidden agriculture for (1) all available park zones and (2) the immediate vicinity of the two current communities. Even given the second, highly limited scenario, the sustainable human carrying capacity is estimated to be 2,138 individuals, which is far higher than the current population of about 420 people. Thus, arable land does not appear to be a limiting factor for the growth of the indigenous population in Manu Park at the current time. Other possible limiting factors for population growth are identified and discussed. We conclude that a conservation policy of population stabilization around the current settlements is viable in that it will not result in reduced resource availability over the next few decades, and that the challenge is to identify and mitigate the forces causing population fissioning and spread. Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue.     

四湖地区猕猴桃高效栽培模式与关键技术

针对地处四湖腹地的湖北省监利县果树资源利用率低及涝洼湿地的地理环境和生态条件 ,提出加快果树资源品种结构的调整 ,监北地势稍高 ,排灌方便的地方大力发展以猕猴桃为主的产业 ,同时利用架面下的行间土地套种蔬菜、瓜类作物、草莓、食用菌以及耐荫湿的中草药植物等立体生态农业的栽培模式 ,达到经济效益和生态效益的同步增长 ,与其相配套的栽培关键技术是采用地下通气排灌暗沟设施 ,重施有机质肥加磷肥 ;高畦壮苗定植 ;巧施追肥 ;适时排灌 ;树盘覆草保墒 ;人工辅助授粉和疏花疏果     

老南瓜种植品种、栽培模式和技术要点

老南瓜含有丰富的胡萝卜素、维C、多糖和一定的食疗价值,也可加工成多种南瓜产品,近年来越来越深受消费者喜爱,目前国内种植最为普遍的老南瓜品种主要是中国类型老南瓜,本文现将主要介绍我国老南瓜种植品种、栽培模式和技术要点.     

污水土地处理水旱轮作条件下碳素在土层中迁移特征的模拟实验

为了解污水土地处理过程 中不同土壤类型土壤溶液Ｐ含量和迁移特征，在一种特殊２的大型人工模拟土层和地下水实验装置中进行试验。研究结果表明：水田条件下１．５ｍ～０．５ｍ土壤溶液Ｐ含量极低（≤０．０２ｍｇ／Ｌ），但在旱地条件下，Ｐ含量上升至０．０４５ｍｇ／Ｌ～０．６２８ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ素随入渗污水向下迁移距离可达１．１ｍ。在低水力负荷率和较长停留时间的运行条件下，１．３ｍ以下土壤溶液和地下水的Ｐ含量处于安全     

Shifting cultivation in peatlands

Transboundary haze pollution from smoke from land preparation fires has become a perennial problem in Indonesia, especially in the last 10 years during the dry season. Most of that smoke originates from illegal land preparation fires for oil palm and industrial forest plantation as well as from shifting cultivation, which is usually blamed for the smoke. In order to understand the role of fire in shifting cultivation areas dominated by peat soils, research was conducted during the dry season of 2001 on land belonging to the community of Pelalawan village, Pelalawan district, Riau province, Indonesia. The research showed that burning did not affect all peat areas equally. No peat was burned on a fibric site, while burning on a hemic site varied in depth from 6.0 cm to 12.6 cm, and on a sapric site from 15.4 cm to 31.9 cm. Further, on the fibric site only phosphorus increased significantly following burning, while on the hemic only the base saturation increased; on the sapric site, however, both base saturation and phosphorus increased compared to the condition before burning. These data show that if fire is continues to be used for land preparation in peat areas, peat becomes critically endangered.     

杞麓湖南岸农业生产分析及最佳农业生产模式选择

通过调查,对杞麓湖南岸的农业结构、化肥使用量和农业生产经济进行分析,针对杞麓湖南岸区蔬菜种植属于典型的"高投入、高产出",但产投比相对较低的农业生产模式,提出杞麓湖南岸农业生产模式优化方案,为杞麓湖面源污染的治理提供依据。     

加大云南省环评市场培育力度以促进环评行业良性发展的建议

“十二五”期间云南省经济发展战略对环评行业提出了更高的要求,但云南省环评从业人员较少、环评机构内部体系建设不完善、环评市场运行机制体制不健全等现状严重地制约了环评行业的良性发展。为了更好地发挥环评对经济良性发展的“杀手锏”、“控制阀”、“调节器”作用,必须采取系统的解决方案,加大市场培育力度,理顺环评市场中各利益方关系,建立健全环评市场监督机制,有效提高环评质量,确保环评有效性和公正性,提升环评应对特定时期社会发展迫切需求的及时性和相应力度。