中国流动人口的时空特征及其发展态势

中国人口流动具有显著的地域集中性和空间指向性。现阶段东部地区是主要人口流入地,中部地区是主要人口流出地;县内、市内和省内流动比重较大,流动距离与地区经济发展水平密切相关;建制镇和城市街道成为流动人口的主要流向,城乡结构分布地区差异显著。未来沿海吸纳流动人口的优势仍将持续,但比重尤其是低素质流动人口比重会逐步降低;中部地区产业发展将在一定程度上改变人口大规模外流的局面;西部地区将加速人口外迁和向宜居城市集中;东北地区伴随着产业复兴与区域振兴有可能成为未来人口流入增长较快的地区之一。流动人口空间分布与区域发展之间相互影响、相互制约,今后应加强政策引导与规划,使人口流动的方向、空间分布与区域长期发展的要求相吻合,使人口流动成为促进区域和谐、持续发展的有利因素。     

中国财政政策对能源消费影响的动态效应分析

运用因果检验、协整检验、向量误差修正模型和方差分解,就1989-2006年闻我国财政政策对能源消费影响的动态效应作了实证分析。结果表明。我国财政政策对能源消费具有较强的调控效果;财政政策外生于能源消费,具有较强的独立性;财政政策存在较长的时滞,有明显的中期化现象。这种中期化现象的存在极大地削弱了财政政策能源调控效应的发挥。建议：在保证国家掌握能源资源的所有权基础上,要逐渐开放能源产业的中、下游市场。使不同的经济成分参与到能源市场中来。提高市场化程度。促进能源财政政策调控效应的增强。因此。国家必须增强能源财政政策目标的针对性。形成一套完整的能源财政政策体系。     

中国省区消费水平差异对资源环境影响的比较

从消费视角开展人口与资源环境的研究,有助于深入认识两者相互关系。为资源利用和环境保护的政策制定提供依据。文章借助单位人的概念、构建的消费模型以及系统聚类分析法研究2005年中国大陆31个省区消费水平差异对资源环境的影响。结果表明,人口对资源环境作用强度可分为四类地区,多数处于单位人水平。北京和上海人口消费水平最高,人均资源环境影响强度相当于甘肃为单位人的2倍;浙江和广东人均影响强度介予1．5－2．0个单位人之间,是资源环境的次影响区;江苏、重庆、福建和天津人均影响强度介予1．0－1,5个单位人之间,是资源环境的第三层次影响区;其余23个省区人均影响强度大体在1.0个单位人左右,基本处于同一层次。资源环境影响强度较大的省区基本位于东部沿海地区。人口对资源环境作用总量大致分为四类地区,差异明显。广东人口众多且消费水平高,资源环境影响总量占全国的10．627％;河北、湖南、河南、四川、江苏、浙江及山东,人口消费水平均高于1个单位人,对资源环境平均影响总量为5．74％;内蒙古、吉林、甘肃等17个省区人口数量和消费水平差异较大,对资源环境平均影响总量占2．676％;天津、新疆、青海、宁夏、海南及西藏,人口总量和消费水平普遍较低。对资源环境影响总量小,平均仅为0．616％。对资源环境影响总量较大的省区多位于东中部地区,广大的西部省区仍是资源环境消费或终端压力的弱影响地区。     

首届亚洲碳博览会召开 助推中国CDM发展

2006年10月26日至27日，由科技部、国家发展和改革委员会、财政部联合世界银行、国际排放贸易协会主办，中国21世纪议程管理中心和科隆国际展览公司共同承办．同亚洲开发银行。日本国际协力银行、欧盟和意大利环境、国土和海洋都合作举办的第一属亚洲碳博览会在北京成功召开。     

No Sustainability without Technical, Fiscal and Social Innovation

Officially, the environmental protection from industrial insults began with Rachel Carson＇s book ＂The Silent Spring＂ in 1963. Protection priorities have since changed. They can be grouped into three successive phases.     

High Environmental Cost behind Low China Price

China has won the name of the world factory being famous for exporting a great deal of and various kinds of low-price merchandise. However, most of Chinese exports are primary goods or manufactured products that create heavy pollution and require intensive use of resources. Chinese products go abroad, but their following harms stay behind. The article analyzes many obvious low-price facts in China and their concomitant terrible environmental results in detail, and points out that there are huge hidden troubles in the way of China＇s sustainable development behind her seemingly flourishing economy.     

Sustainable Development and Strategic Thinking

From an economic point of view, the industrial economy is efficient to overcome situations of a scarcity of goods. From a technological point of view, the resource efficiency of the manufacturing processes of the industrial economy has been permanently improved during the last 200 years. In addition, cleaner processes have been developed. However, from an ecologic point of view, an increasing world population with increasing consumption has produced a ＂global footprint＂ which approaches the carrying capacity of the planet. A circular economy and its high-value spin-offs-a lake economy and a performance or functional service economy-can fulfil customers＇ needs with considerably less resource consumption, less environmental impairment in production and considerably less end-of-life product waste, especially in situations of affluence, when a considerable stock of physical goods and infrastructures exists. Also, in situations of a scarcity of natural resources, both energy and materials, often characterised by rapidly rising resource prices, the economic actors of a circular economy have a high competitive advantage over the actors of the industrial economy, due to much lower procurement costs for materials and energy. From a social point of view, a circular economy increases the number of skilled jobs in regional enterprises. However, the shift from a linear manufacturing economy to a circular or service economy means a change in economic thinking from flow （throughput） management to stock （asset） management： in a manufacturing economy with largely unsaturated markets, total wealth increases through accumulation as resource throughput （flow） is transformed into a higher stock of goods of better quality （but in a manufacturing economy with largely saturated markets, wealth represented by the stock of goods will no longer increase）; in a circular or service economy, total wealth increases through a smart management of existing physical assets （stock） that are adapted to changes in both technology and customer demand. This second approach not only applies to physical capital but equally to social capital, such as health and education and green GDP. To measure the social wealth of a population, it is not the amount of money spent on schools and hospitals that matters, butif this expenditure has led to a better education of the students, and a better health of the people.     

Theory and Model of Agricultural Insurance Subsidy

The issue of agricultural insurance subsidy is discussed in this paper aiming to make it provided more rationally and scientifically. It is started with the connection between agricultural insurance and financial subsidy. It is really necessary and crucial to implement the financial insurance due to the bad operational performance, especially in the developing countries. But the subsidy should be provided more rationally because financial subsidy has lots of negative effects. A model in competitive insurance markets developed by Ahsan et al （1982） and a farmers＇ decision model are developed to solve the optimal subsidized rate. Finally, the equation is got to calculate it. But a quantitative subsidized rate is not made here because the calculation should be under some restricted conditions, which are always absent in the developing countries. So the government should provide some subsidy for the ex ante research and preparation to get the scientific probability and premium rate.     

Externalities, Floating Population and Spatial Agglomeration

With the further development of socialist market economy, the mobility of factor markets in China, especially the labor market, is strengthened. Externalities interacts with the agglomeration of productive factors. Under the framework of new economic geography, this article presents a theoretical model involving the endogenous population density affected by urban externalities. Results show that the population density is more concentrated around the center because the degree and extent of interaction between individuals intensifies when the distance from the center decreases. When there are several externalities resources, the aggregation of externalities changes the configuration of spatial factor allocation. These results fit well with the empirical facts about the decreasing density of floating population along the cities of Guangzhou, Dongguan and Shenzhen in Guangdong Province which is situated in the eastern coast of the Pearl River Delta. We fred that under the impacts of externalities released from Hong Kong into the coast, floating population was more concentrated around Shenzhen and Dongguan, which are more adjacent to Hong Kong compared with Guangzhou City.     

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