树立系统的资源观：实施可持续发展的前提和关键

资源供给与需求的尖锐矛盾,决定了资源是可持续发展思想产生与发展的源动力,也是可持续发展最终目标订立的重要着眼点,树立科学的资源观则是可持续发展得以实现的前提和关键。     

Lichen Conservation in Heavily Managed Boreal Forests

Lichens are an important component of the boreal forest, where they are long lived, tend to accumulate in older stands, and are a major food source for the threatened woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou). To be fully sustainable, silvicultural practices in the boreal forest must include the conservation of ecological integrity. Dominant forest management practices, however, have short‐term negative effects on lichen diversity, particularly the application of herbicides. To better understand the long‐term effects of forest management, we examined lichen regeneration in 35 mixed black spruce (Picea mariana) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forest stands across northern Ontario to determine recovery following logging and postharvest silvicultural practices. Our forest stands were 25–40 years old and had undergone 3 common sivilcultural treatments that included harvested and planted; harvested, planted, and treated with N‐[phosphonomethyl] glycine (glyphosate); and harvested, planted, and treated with 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D). Forest stands with herbicide treatments had lower lichen biomass and higher beta and gamma diversity than planted stands that were not treated chemically or control stands. In northwestern Ontario, planted stands that were not treated chemically had significantly greater (p < 0.05) alpha diversity than stands treated with herbicides or control stands. Our results show that common silvicultural practices do not emulate natural disturbances caused by wildfires in the boreal forest for the lichen community. We suggest a reduction in the amount of chemical application be considered in areas where lichen biomass is likely to be high and where the recovery of woodland caribou is an objective. Conservación de Líquenes en Bosques Boreales Manejados Intensivamente     

城市可持续发展的指数普适公式及评价模型

为了建立城市可持续发展的评价模型,分析了社会、经济和环境指标体系所具有的特征,提出了基于GA优化的分类单项指标的发展指数普适公式,并采用广义对比运算和层次分析法对不同层次指标赋权,建立了社会、经济和环境可协调持续发展评价模型.该模型应用于大理市的可协调持续发展评价结果表明:基于GA优化参数后的分类单项指标的发展指数公式和评价模型不仅简单、实用,而且具有可比性、易操作性和普适性.     

可持续发展战略实施的意义及策略

可持续发展是为人类世界的发展指出了一条环境与发展相结合的道路,为环境保护与人类社会的协调发展提供了一个创新的思想模式,其实质就是把经济发展与节约资源、保护环境紧密联系起来,实现良性循环.结合实际阐述了实施可持续发展战略的意义及策略.     

可持续发展城市规划是迈向新世纪的必然选择

主要论述可持续发展城市规划是人类走向生态文明的必然之理以及它的含概机理与实施途径。     

环保在绿色GDP中的涵义功能及意义

阐述环保在绿色GDP的涵义、功能及实现绿色GDP的意义。     

高海拔地区生态可持续发展策略刍论

通过生物多样性调查及参照国内外对该区域的研究资料基础上,充分认识了高海拔地区基本特点及其重要性,系统阐述了目前高海拔地区在生态可持续发展过程中所面临的问题及限制因素,提出全面开展生物多样性调查,确立生态保护优先区,建立保护区网络,加强区域物质、科技、人才等基础建设,建立健全生态保护投入机制,加强立法与监管,实行合理的生态移民政策等区域生态可持续发展策略,为当前和今后我国高海拔地区的区域开发及进一步开展生态领域研究提供参考。     

北京山区小流域治理措施综述

山区小流域综合治理,是中国治理水土流失的主要形式.近10年来,随着可持续发展概念的引入,山区小流域治理与经济开发、资源保护相结合的战略思想逐渐被人们认识和接受,实现流域的可持续发展,已成为当今小流域治理活动的准则.综述主要对北京山区小流域治理措施进行了总结,并指出小流域治理需要综合运用多种措施;小流域治理必须充分考虑流域特征,因地制宜,分类治理.     

修复达标土壤回填对地下水环境影响的层次化评估方法应用研究

以含1,2-二氯乙烷等10种有机物污染土壤异位修复后回填为例,采用层次化方法评估将按原厂址健康风险评价确定的修复目标进行达标修复后的土壤回填对回填区地下水下游700 m处饮用水井水质的影响.第一层次预测结果显示8种污染物在回填土层淋溶液中的浓度将超过评价标准,可能对目标水井水质造成污染.考虑回填区非饱和带土壤的吸附截留进行第二层次评价的结果显示,到达回填区地下水水面处浓度依然超过评价标准的污染物降低至6种,不能排除对目标水井的水质影响.进一步考虑地下水混合稀释进行第三层次评估的结果显示,经地下水混合稀释后,超过评价标准的污染物降低至4种.最后,考虑饱和带吸附截留作用进行第四层次评估的结果显示,目标水井中超过评估标准的污染物仅1种.由此可见,随着评估层次的不断深入,虽然所需开展的工作及获取的场地参数增加,但是污染物预测浓度更接近目标预测点的浓度,需调整修复目标的污染物数量逐渐减少,污染防治成本将逐渐降低.