Characteristic and mechanism of sorption and desorption of benzene on humic acid

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The sorption/desorption behaviors of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) on soil organic matter (SOM) have a significant influence on...     

乌鲁木齐市气溶胶光学厚度时空分布特征及潜在来源分析

依据2009年1月—2019年7月MODIS/AQUA C6.1 MYD04_L2 气溶胶光学厚度（Aerosol Optical Depth, AOD）日数据,在宏观视角下对乌鲁木齐市AOD时空分布特征进行分析,利用后向轨迹模式（Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory,HYSPLIT）和潜在源贡献作用分析方法（Potential Source Contribution Function, PSCF）讨论气溶胶运输的季节性变化,并揭示研究不同季节对AOD影响较为明显的潜在源空间分布.结果表明：①乌鲁木齐市AOD呈显著的季节性差异,四季均值依次为：春季（0.328） > 夏季（0.310） > 秋季（0.273） > 冬季（0.137）,AOD高值区主要集中在市区.②AOD年内呈双峰分布,峰值分别对应为4月（0.402）和8月（0.346）;10 a间AOD呈弱下降趋势,其中2014年最高（0.316）,2017年最低（0.235）,AOD均值为0. 276.③春季和冬季乌鲁木齐市气团输送主要来自中亚地区,夏季和秋季则来自于天山周边地区;AOD主要潜在源区为乌鲁木齐市及其周边地区,对乌鲁木齐市空气质量具有显著影响.     

Regulated emission characteristics of in-use LNG and diesel semi-trailer towing vehicles under real driving conditions using PEMS

On-road driving emissions of six liquefied natural gas(LNG) and diesel semi-trailer towing vehicles(STTVs) which met China Emission Standard IV and V were tested using Portable Emission Measurement System(PEMS) in northern China.Emission characteristics of these vehicles under real driving conditions were analyzed and proved that on-road emissions of heavy-duty vehicles(HDVs) were underestimated in the past.There were large differences among LNG and diesel vehicles, which also existed between China V vehicles and China IV vehicles.Emission factors showed the highest level under real driving conditions, which probably be caused by frequent acceleration, deceleration, and start-stop.NOx emission factors ranged from 2.855 to 20.939 g/km based on distance-traveled and 6.719–90.557 g/kg based on fuel consumption during whole tests, which were much higher than previous researches on chassis dynamometer.It was inferred from tests that the fuel consumption rate of the test vehicles had a strong correlation with NOx emission, and the exhaust temperature also affected the efficiency of Selected Catalytic Reduction(SCR) aftertreatment system, thus changing the NOx emission greatly.THC emission factors of LNG vehicles were 2.012–10.636 g/km, which were much higher than that of diesel vehicles(0.029–0.185 g/km).Unburned CH_4 may be an important reason for this phenomenon.Further on-road emission tests, especially CH_4 emission test should be carried out in subsequent research.In addition, the Particulate Number(PN) emission factors of diesel vehicles were at a very high level during whole tests, and Diesel Particulate Filter(DPF)should be installed to reduce PN emission.     

OPCRP填料的SBMBBR处理低温污水脱氮细菌多样性试验

针对低温污水生物脱氮效率低问题,采用有机高分子复合硬性颗粒（OPCRP）-SBMBBR反应器处理低温污水,与传统SBR反应器对比,通过Miseq高通量测序技术分析了2套反应器中活性污泥的细菌菌群多样性及组成结构丰度差异,揭示高效处理低温污水优势脱氮菌群。结果表明:在水温（6.5±1）℃条件下,OPCRP-SBMBBR反应器出水脱氮效果及污泥沉降速率均明显提高;投加填料有助于提高活性污泥系统内硝化反硝化菌多样性和相对丰度,即优势氨氧化菌（AOB）、亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）、厌氧反硝化菌总相对丰度分别由SBR （R1）的3.9%、3.47%、15.87%增加到OPCRP-SBMBBR （R2）的5.21%、5.26%、23.64%。异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌种红环菌科、Enterobacteriaceae、Terrimonas,分别由R1的2.77%、1.63%、2.43%增加到R2的3.3%、3.11%、2.59%;R2独有的好氧反硝化菌种包括假单胞菌属、氢噬胞菌属等,其相对丰度分别为1.17%、0.79%。R1、R2中优势好氧反硝化菌种总相对丰度分别为10.66%、17.35%,优势硝化菌种总相对丰度分别为7.37%、10.47%,优势硝化反硝化菌种总相对丰度分别为28.65%、43.32%,为低温污水中生物脱氮提供了良好的细菌环境。     

我国污染源在线监测现状及建议

文章在对国内重点城市污染源在线监测调查研究的基础上 ,分析总结了国内污染源在线监测的经验和教训 ,提出了推进污染源在线监测的建议     

环境科学研究中两变量非线性相关时的线性回归方程

以环境科学研究两变量非线性相关的问题为对象，讨论建立线性回归方程的方法。有绝对误差均方和最小的最小二乘法、相对误差最小的新回归法。以简易的方法，建立相关性好、误差小的回归方程。介绍了两变量各种非线性相关时的线性回归方程在环境科学研究中的应用。     

含硫污水汽提装置的扩能改造

介绍了污水汽提装置处理能力由30t／h扩至50t／h的改造内容。从技术上论证了扩能的可行性和必要性，并对扩改后的运行状况进行综合分析，说明扩能改造取得圆满成功。     

尿氚的分析测量和氚人体半排期的实验研究

用液体闪烁计数法测定了本所老点核退役过程中直接和间接接触氚工作人员的尿样几十个 ,氚浓度在 1 0 2 ～ 1 0 5 Bq/L ,最大氚浓度为 2 7× 1 0 5 Bq/L ,折合剂量当量约为 0 1 9mSv。短期观测 2 3名人体氚半排期 ,其范围为 5 5～ 1 4 8d ,中期观测 5名人体氚半排期 ,其范围为 7 6～ 9 4d。 2 8名人员半排期不仅与理论值 1 0d接近 ,而且与国内外的观测值十分符合。     

中国东南沿海中生代火山作用基本特征

中国东南沿海自晚侏罗世到白垩纪火山活动分为二期、四个旋回,在空间上有迁移性,在时间上与侵入活动呈交替式演变。建立火山碎屑流等五种岩相模式,岩浆爆发占主导地位,同时存在蒸气岩浆爆发。确定破火山口、火山穹隆和锥火山为火山构造基本类型。由火山作用与区域构造作用、沉积作用控制形成火山沉积洼地、火山构造洼地和火山构造隆起。提出不同类型火山构造组合形式和相互演化关系。火山岩系列属高钾钙碱系列,晚期则具双模式性质。它们的地球化学型式兼具大陆边缘和大陆板内双重特性。