Heat dissipation characteristic in the intake grille and radiator of a fuel cell vehicle

ABSTRACT

In this study, a three-dimension (3D) computational model was proposed to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the intake grilles of two different fuel cell vehicles. The models of the intake grilles were constructed according to the actual sizes of two vehicles, namely, Roewe 950 and Toyota Mirai, considering the heat dissipation unit to simplify the heat transfer model of the vehicle. The results showed that relative to Roewe 950, Mirai intake air flow rate was approximately 10% higher, the heat transfer capacity was approximately 7% higher, and the intake grille area was larger. The coolant outlet temperature of Mirai was lower than that of Roewe 950, which was beneficial for the long term and stable operation of a fuel cell. This comparative study provided guidance for the intake grille and radiator design of fuel cell vehicles. The only difference between fuel cell vehicles on the market and conventional vehicles was that in the former, the internal combustion engine was replaced with a fuel cell stack, which had insufficient heat transfer capacity because of the reducing temperature difference. Increasing the intake grille area and the heat exchange capacity of the radiator were the key issues for the development of fuel cell vehicles. In this study, an optimal window opening angle of the radiator fin of 23° provided a maximal heat transfer coefficient.     

泗顶矿区6种土地利用类型土壤微生物群落结构特征

以广西柳州泗顶铅锌矿区的玉米地、菜地、灌木、尾矿库、森林和柑橘园6种不同利用类型土壤为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术,分析了不同土地利用类型土壤微生物群落结构特征及土壤环境因子对微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）是6种土壤的优势菌门,所占比例为31.34%~53.47%,γ-变形菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria）为优势菌纲.冗余分析表明,在重金属含量最高的灌木区,厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）的丰度与土壤中铅、锌、镉、铜的含量呈现显著正相关;在土壤钠和钾含量较高的玉米地和菜地,浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）的丰度有所增加,而厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的丰度则有所下降.在土壤有机质含量较高而总氮、总磷含量较低的柑橘园,酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）的丰度较高.芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）和浮霉菌门的丰度与土壤pH值呈显著正相关.研究结果表明土地利用类型及土壤环境因子对土壤微生物群落结构多样性有显著的影响.     

内饰材料发射率对密封舱室热防护效率的影响

目的探究密封舱室热防护效率与其内饰材料表面发射率的关系,分析内饰材料发射率对其表面温度、舱室内温度的影响规律。方法采用自行设计的小型密封舱室和加热测量装置,对内饰材料表面及舱室内温度进行测量。结果当内饰材料发射率为0.09时,内饰表面温度为141.2℃,舱室内平均温度仅为90.8℃;内饰材料发射率为0.91时,内饰表面温度为124.4℃,舱室内平均温度为109.1℃。结论试样表面温度随材料发射率的提高而降低,舱室内部空气平均温度随材料发射率的提高而升高;试样表面温度与舱室空气平均温度的温度差随材料发射率的提高而减小;同时,相同试样表面温度与舱室平均温度的温度差随加热温度的提高而增加。     

Air Pollution and Heat Exposure Study in the Workplace in a Glass Manufacturing Unit in India

Air pollution in the workplace environment due to industrial operation have been found to cause serious occupational health hazard. Similarly, heat stress is still most neglected occupational hazard in the tropical and subtropical countries like India. The hot climate augments the heat exposure close to sources like furnaces. In this study an attempt is made to assess air pollution and heat exposure levels to workers in the workplace environment in glass manufacturing unit located in the State of Gujarat, India. Samples for workplace air quality were collected for SPM, SO₂, NO₂ and CO₂ at eight locations. Results of workplace air quality showed 8-hourly average concentrations of SPM: 165–9118 μg/m³, SO₂: 6–9 μg/m³ and NO₂: 5–42 μg/m³, which were below the threshold limit values of workplace environment. The level of CO₂ in workplace air of the plant was found to be in the range 827–2886 μg/m³, which was below TLV but much higher than the normal concentration for CO₂ in the air (585 mg/m³). Indoor heat exposure was studied near the furnace and at various locations in an industrial complex for glass manufacturing. The heat exposure parameters including the air temperature, the wet bulb temperature, and the globe parameters were measured. The Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), an indicator of heat, exceeded ACGIH TLVs limits most of the time at all the locations in workplace areas. The recommended duration of work and rest have also been estimated.     

伊犁地区矿泉水资源及水化学特征

在介绍伊犁地区矿泉水资源与形成的水文地质条件的基础上，分析了矿泉水的化学组成及其特征，并给出了水化学类型。     

扬子型铜矿床矿物稀土元素地球化学

本文较系统研究了扬子型铜矿床中有代表性的菱铁矿、胶黄铁矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、磁铁矿、黄铜矿及部分脉石矿物的稀土元素组成及特征，总结了展状矿石中和矽卡岩矿石中矿物稀土元素组成的特点及二者之间存在的明显差别，从一个方面探索扬子型铜矿床的成因。     

汕头港水域温排水热扩散的三维数值模拟

本文建立了汕头港水域温排水扩散的三维数学模型，并采用特征差分方法求其解，对该法在三维情况下的稳定作了推导，给出了判断公式，上述模型被应用于汕头热电厂废热水排放的环境影响评价中，实例计算表明，该模型算法程序简单，计算结果合理。     

中国水资源短缺地域差异研究

论文以人均水资源量、单位面积水资源量、人均供水量和单位GDP占有水资源量为指标,采用综合评价方法对全国各省、自治区、直辖市(除台湾外)进行缺水程度及缺水类型的划分。根据缺水综合指数划分为丰富区、脆弱区、缺水区和严重缺水区;根据人均水资源量、单位面积水资源量、人均供水量与全国均值的差值划分为资源型、工程型和过载型。     

再论次生石英岩型非金属矿床

次生石英岩型非金属矿床明显受不同级别的火山构造控制,是中—酸性火山岩区一套很有特色的矿床组合;热源、水源、地层产状有机组合生成的环流热液是成矿的前提之一;成矿流体以重碳酸盐型、硫酸盐型为主,属中—低盐度热液;温度、pH值、fo_2等物理化学条件是矿床及矿种类刑的重要控制因素。本文在《次生石英岩容矿型非金属矿床系列的矿种、组合及其成矿作用特征》(1986)一文基础上,进一步总结这类矿床的成矿机理和地质地球化学模式。     

论岩浆的逆向演化及其成矿作用

长江中下游的岩浆岩在某些地区表现为由酸性→中性→基性的演化顺序,我们称之为岩浆的逆向演化.本文讨论了岩浆逆向演化的地质、地球化学背景及其产生机制,同时也论证了岩浆逆向演化与内生成矿作用的关系.