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Walter R Stahel 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2007,5(4):3-19
From an economic point of view, the industrial economy is efficient to overcome situations of a scarcity of goods. From a technological point of view, the resource efficiency of the manufacturing processes of the industrial economy has been permanently improved during the last 200 years. In addition, cleaner processes have been developed. However, from an ecologic point of view, an increasing world population with increasing consumption has produced a "global footprint" which approaches the carrying capacity of the planet. A circular economy and its high-value spin-offs-a lake economy and a performance or functional service economy-can fulfil customers' needs with considerably less resource consumption, less environmental impairment in production and considerably less end-of-life product waste, especially in situations of affluence, when a considerable stock of physical goods and infrastructures exists. Also, in situations of a scarcity of natural resources, both energy and materials, often characterised by rapidly rising resource prices, the economic actors of a circular economy have a high competitive advantage over the actors of the industrial economy, due to much lower procurement costs for materials and energy. From a social point of view, a circular economy increases the number of skilled jobs in regional enterprises. However, the shift from a linear manufacturing economy to a circular or service economy means a change in economic thinking from flow (throughput) management to stock (asset) management: in a manufacturing economy with largely unsaturated markets, total wealth increases through accumulation as resource throughput (flow) is transformed into a higher stock of goods of better quality (but in a manufacturing economy with largely saturated markets, wealth represented by the stock of goods will no longer increase); in a circular or service economy, total wealth increases through a smart management of existing physical assets (stock) that are adapted to changes in both technology and customer demand. This second approach not only applies to physical capital but equally to social capital, such as health and education and green GDP. To measure the social wealth of a population, it is not the amount of money spent on schools and hospitals that matters, butif this expenditure has led to a better education of the students, and a better health of the people. 相似文献
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北京山区小流域治理措施综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
山区小流域综合治理,是中国治理水土流失的主要形式.近10年来,随着可持续发展概念的引入,山区小流域治理与经济开发、资源保护相结合的战略思想逐渐被人们认识和接受,实现流域的可持续发展,已成为当今小流域治理活动的准则.综述主要对北京山区小流域治理措施进行了总结,并指出小流域治理需要综合运用多种措施;小流域治理必须充分考虑流域特征,因地制宜,分类治理. 相似文献
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党的十六大以来,以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央坚持以科学发展观统领经济社会发展全局,坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策,深入实施可持续发展战略,创造性地提出建设生态文明的重大命题和战略任务,为我国实现人与自然、环境与经济、人与社会和谐发展提供了坚实理论基础、远大目标指向和强大实践动力,开辟了中国特色社会主义的新境界. 相似文献
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陈鑫连 《防灾减灾工程学报》1993,(1)
本文概括地对我国地震工作历程进行了回顾,并总结为经历了3个重要阶段。第一阶段,地震预报处于“看图识字”的基本状态;第二阶段,由于经验与知识的差别,形成一批地震预报专家,但是他们不构成集团势力,只是由专家为核心的预报团体,第三阶段,以专家集团为主体,专家系统为代表的具有某种信度的预报体系。整个历程正在向有物理基础的概率预报的方式过渡。并针对目前地震预报面临着的严峻的历史挑战,提出了当前我国地震预报的战略思想应是:冷静反思,热情探索,坚持预报,开拓领域;调整结构,强化科研。其中尤其就如何解决社会对地震预报的期望较高同地震预报科学水平较低这一矛盾提出了一些有益的建议。 相似文献
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