层次分析法应用于黑龙江省生态环境质量评价研究

将层次分析法应用于生态省建设指标体系的研究,构建了黑龙江省生态省建设指标体系.采用专家调查问卷的方式构造判断矩阵,应用MATLAB6.5计算软件编程,确定了各指标的权重.运用环境质量综合指数模型,对黑龙江省的生态环境质量进行分级,评价黑龙江省生态省建设所取得的进展.结果表明,应用层次分析法定量地评价省域范围生态环境质量是切实可行的,黑龙江省自开展生态省建设以来,生态环境得到了明显改善.     

静脉产业类生态工业园区标准的研究

以静脉产业和静脉产业类生态工业园区的基本概念为基础,深入分析了我国建立静脉产业类生态工业园区标准的重要意义. 选取经济发展、资源循环与利用、污染控制和园区管理4个方面共20个指标,构成静脉产业类生态工业园区评价指标体系,旨在全面、准确地反映静脉产业类生态工业园区的建设水平. 经过综合分析,确定采用层次分析(AHP)法对评价指标体系进行权重计算. 根据权重分析结果可得出如下结论:静脉产业类生态工业园区的建设重点应为提高资源循环利用率和保障环境安全,污染控制以固体废物的安全处置为主. 最后,对该评价指标体系进行了可行性分析,该方法所设定的各项指标在经济上、技术上、可操作性上都是可行的. 依据该评价方法,制定了国家《静脉产业类生态工业园区标准》.      

Determination of 15 phthalate esters in air by gas-phase and particle-phase simultaneous sampling

Based on previous research, the sampling and analysis methods for phthalate esters (PAEs) were improved by increasing the sampling flow of indoor air from 1 to 4 L/min, shortening the sampling duration from 8 to 2 hr. Meanwhile, through the optimization of chromatographic conditions, the concentrations of 9 additional PAE pollutants in indoor air were measured. The optimized chromatographic conditions required a similar amount of time for analysis as before, but gave high responsivity, the capability of simultaneously distinguishing 15 kinds of PAEs, and a high level of discrimination between individual sample peaks, as well as stable peak generation. The recovery rate of all gas-phase and particle-phase samples of the 15 kinds of PAEs ranged from 91.26% to 109.42%, meeting the quantitative analysis requirements for indoor and outdoor air sampling and analysis. For the first time, investigation of the concentration levels as well as characteristics of 15 kinds of PAEs in the indoor air from four different traffic micro-environments (private vehicles, busses, taxis and subways) was carried out, along with validation of the optimized sampling and analytical method. The results show that all the 9 additional PAEs could be detected at relatively high pollution levels in the indoor air from the four traffic micro-environments. As none of the pollution levels of the 15 kinds of PAEs in the indoor air from the 4 traffic micro-environments should be neglected, it is of great significance to increase the types of PAEs able to be detected in indoor air.     

双台子河口湿地植被修复生境健康评价方法研究

以2014—2015年双台子河口滨海湿地植被修复20个站位调查资料为基础,对湿地修复结构指标、功能指标和环境指标进行研究,结合湿地生态系统健康理论,构建湿地生态环境健康评价指标体系。运用层次分析法(AHP)确定权重,对各个指标赋予权重,将健康评价分为3个等级,确立了生态健康评价方法,对近岸破损湿地翅碱蓬修复生境进行评价。进一步引用评价净影响值(EI)方法判断生境修复前、后的健康对比状态,从而确定翅碱蓬对该破损湿地的修复效果显著。从景观生态学和健康评价角度分析来看,建立此评价方法是可行的,可为今后湿地的管理与保护提供科学依据。     

钢铁企业节水评价指标体系的构建

针对中国钢铁行业尚未建立节水评价指标体系的现状,在广泛查阅资料的基础上,遵循科学合理性、目标导向性、实用性和可比性的原则,构建了钢铁企业节水评价指标体系。指标体系的建立使钢铁企业的节水成效具有横向和纵向可比性,有利于调动企业的节水积极性,促进节水技术的发展和推广,为钢铁企业开展节水工作指明目标和方向。     

AHP法在废水治理工程评价中的应用

应用层次分析法（ＡＨＰ）的原理，建立了废水处理工程的评价模型，并结合废水处理的实例进行了研究，结果证明了ＡＨＰ法是评价废水处理工程的有效方法。     

粘弹性阻尼减震结构研究与应用的新进展

系统总结了国内外粘弹性阻尼器及粘弹性阻尼减震结构研究与应用的进展情况。阐述了粘弹性阻尼材料和粘弹性阻尼器的耗能原理;对目前开发和研究的一些新型粘弹性阻尼器及其性能进行了介绍,同时概述了对保证结构安全性具有重大意义的粘弹性阻尼器的耐久性和耐火性问题,介绍了不同的粘弹性阻尼器计算模型;从结构试验的角度说明了粘弹性阻尼减震结构的特性,着重说明了粘弹性阻尼减震结构的分析方法和设计方法,列举了粘弹性阻尼器的工程应用实例。进而提出了今后粘弹性阻尼器应用于土木工程领域里应加强研究的一些问题。     

Detection and quantitation of trace levels of low molecular weight halocarbons (LMHs) associated with commercial sodium humate

Examination of vapor above commercial sodium humate and above 10wt% aqueous humate solution by gas chromatography (GC) revealed the presence of chloroform and trichloroethylene. Further examination of the aqueous humate by the purge and trap procedure confirmed the association of chloroform and trichloroethylene with the humate. GC/mass spectrometry analyses of methylene chloride extract of the humate established the association of LMHs with the humate. Improved headspace capillary GC technique showed that the humate contained not only chloroform, trichloroethylene but several other LMHs in the range 190 to 4000ng·kg^‐1.     

A simple and robust method for determination of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) oil in neem oil coated urea

The production of neem oil coated urea (NOCU), a technology developed by the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, has been grown to over 2.0 million tons per year. The estimation of neem oil content in NOCU is important due to its significance in ensuring agronomic efficiency. Therefore, this study was taken up to develop a simple method for the determination of neem oil in NOCU. The procedure involves extraction of neem oil from NOCU; saponification of extracted oil; oxidation of released glycerol to formaldehyde, and subsequent conversion of formaldehyde to a dihydrolutidine derivative. Its concentration was determined spectrophotometrically. The recoveries of neem oil from NOCU with oil load of 500 and 1000?ppm were 87.6?±?3.0% and 90.0?±?4.8% respectively with direct method; and improved to 92.6?±?4.0% and 96.7?±?3.8% after including the in situ purification. A simple method based on the Hantzsch reaction was developed for the determination of neem oil in NOCU. This method is superior to earlier methods in terms of sensitivity, simplicity, and time required.     

饱和土半空间中地下圆形衬砌洞室对平面SV波的散射

在Biot饱和多孔介质动力学理论的基础上,利用Fourier-Bessel级数展开法,通过对含有衬砌洞室的局部场地进行波场分析,得到饱和土半空间中圆柱形衬砌洞室对平面SV波的散射问题的解析解。经验证,本文得到的解可以退化为半空间单相介质的情况。通过与已有的单相弹性介质半空间中圆柱形衬砌洞室对平面SV波散射问题的解析解的对比,验证了此解的正确性。在解析解的基础上,数值计算给出洞口动应力集中放大系数,分析了入射频率和孔洞埋深对柱面上的应力集中因子的影响。