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白洋淀水生食物链BHC、DDT生物浓缩分析 总被引:32,自引:7,他引:32
为了评价BHC和DDT在水生食物链的生物累积放大效应,对白洋淀地区端村水域生态系统水生生物对六六六、DDT的富集沿食物生物营养等级而递增的规律性较强(当年生鲫鱼例外),水体,底泥水生维管束植物,浮游动物、底栖动物,当年生鲫鱼及2龄乌鳢体内六六六残留量分别为:0.3μg/L,0.7μg/kg,19.0μg/kg,30.0μg/kg,60.9μg/kg,17.2μg/kg、110.7μg/kg,DDT 相似文献
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白洋淀水体、底泥及鲫鱼体内DDT、BHC污染状况研究 总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29
对白洋淀水体、底泥及鲫鱼肌肉中的DDT及其衍生物和BHC的残留量进行了测定研究,分别给出含量范围.研究表明,鱼体肌肉中BHC的4种异构体的含量顺序(δ>α>γ>β)与其在水和底泥中的含量顺序(α>γ>δ>β)略有不同.鱼体肌肉中DDT主要以代谢物P,P′DDE形式存在.两种农药的污染具有明显的地域差异,位于府河入淀口及村庄附近的水体、底泥及鱼体肌肉中DDT及其衍生物,BHC含量较高,与1975—1977年检测结果相比,鲫鱼肌肉中DDT及其衍生物残留量下降了542%,BHC下降了869%. 相似文献
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固相萃取-GC/MS法测定水中有机氯农药 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
建立了固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用测定水中痕量六六六、滴滴涕和环氧七氯的方法。采用C18固相萃取柱富集水样,二氯甲烷/丙酮混合溶剂洗脱,加入菲-d10作为内标,利用气相色谱/质谱联用仪选择离子监测模式检测,内标法定量,定性、定量准确,线性响应良好,干扰小,按采样1 L计算,方法检出限为4.26ng/L~19、2ng/L,RSD在0、4%-6、3%之间,平均加标回收率在77.7%~118%之间,实际样品测定结果表明方法能满足环境水体中痕量有机氯农药的监测要求。 相似文献
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对白洋淀几种不同食性鱼体内六六六和DDT残留量分析表明,草食性鱼体内农药残留量最少,六六六含量为59.3μg/kg,DDT含量为29.6μg/kg;其次是杂食性鱼类,六六六含量为90.4μg/kg,DDT含量为108.5μg/kg;肉食性鱼体内农药残留量最高,六六六含量为110.7μg/kg,DDT含量为124.4μg/kg。鱼体对DDT的浓缩因子为311~1244,明显高于六六六的177~368。鱼体内BHC4种异构体的残留顺序为δ>α>γ>β,与其在水体中的比例α>γ>δ>β略有不同。鱼体内DDT主要以代谢物p,p'-DDE的形式存在,但个别样品中少量的p,p'-DDD及o,p'-DDT的检出,表明白洋淀水生生态系统最近受到DDT的轻度污染。本项研果与1975~1977年检测结果进行比较;白洋淀鱼体内六六六残留量显著下降,下降率为15.8%~79.2%;DDT残留量却明显增加(草食性鱼类除外),增加率约为47.8%~97.8%。 相似文献
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Shanta Satyanarayan Rajesh S. Bejankiwar P.R. Chaudhari J.P.Kotangale Ahana Satyanarayan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2004,16(4):631-634
The effects of pesticides on blood characteristics and histological changes in erythrocytes of the fish species Cyprinus carpio and Puntius ticto were studied. The fishes were exposed to sub lethal concentrations of different chlorinated pesticides namely aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, BHC and chlordane for 10, 20 and 30 d in continuous flow-through test. The LCso values were calculated based on acute toxicity tests and the sublethal doses were arrived at for chronic bioassay studies. Results showed an increase in haemoglobin content of both Cyprinus carpio and Puntius ticto in case of aldrin and dieldrin. Haemoglobin content reduced from an initial 13 g/100 ml to 8.07 and 10.15 g/100 ml in case of Cyprinus at the end of ten days exposure to aldrin and dieldrin respectively, and gradually increased to 8.7 g/100 ml and 10.15 g/100 ml after 20 d of exposure. The haemoglobin content after 30 d exposure to aldrin and dieldrin was 10.15 g/100 ml and 11.6 g/100 ml respectively. In case of Puntius ticto, the haemoglobin content in control fishes recorded was 12.8 g/100 ml while in case of fish exposed to aldrin, the haemoglobin content reduced initially on ten days exposure to 10.15 g/100 ml and increased to 11.6 g/100 ml and 13.0 g/100 ml during twenty days and thirty days exposure respectively. This trend was also observed with dieldrin in both the fishes studied. Red blood cells were also counted in case of all the pesticides and exposure periods with respect to Cyprinus carpio and Puntius ticto. Irrespective of the species and pesticide, the RBC counts uniformly showed decreasing trend with the increase in exposure period, while packed cell volume, PCV(%) showed increasing trend with respect to increase in exposure period in case of aldrin and dieldrin in both the fishes. But DDT, BHC and chlordane showed decreasing trend in PCV(%) values with increasing periods of exposure. 相似文献
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两种金属和两种农药对草鱼不同发育阶段的毒性效应 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
进行了金属和农药对草鱼不同发育阶段影响的试验。结果表明,对草鱼胚胎孵化率的影响,96h的EC_(50)值分别为:Cd~(2+)0.078mg/L;Cu~(2+)0.17mg/L;丙体六六六1.0mg/L;对硫磷1.0mg/L。畸形症状呈现出草鱼胚胎卵黄囊水肿,心脏发育受阻而形成管状心脏、胚体弯曲(弯体)等。草鱼的不同发育阶段对金属的敏感性存在着差异:Cd~(2+)96h的LC_(50)值,胚胎为0.1—0.5mg/L;10日龄草鱼苗为0.34mg/L;120日龄草鱼种为8mg/L.Cu~(2+)96h的LC_(50)值,胚胎为0.3—0.5mg/L;10日龄草鱼苗为0.11mg/L;120日龄草鱼种为0.59mg/L. 相似文献
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Measurement of flow speed in the channels of novel threadlike structures on the surfaces of mammalian organs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
There have been several reports on novel threadlike structures (NTSs) on the surfaces of the internal organs of rats and rabbits
since their first observation by Bonghan Kim in 1963. To confirm this novel circulatory function, it is necessary to observe
the flow of liquid through the NTS as well as the structurally corroborating channels in the NTS. In this article, we report
on the measurement of the flow speed of Alcian blue solution in the NTSs on the organ surfaces of rabbits, and we present
electron microscopic images depicting the cribrous cross-section with channels. The speed was measured as 0.3 ± 0.1 mm/s,
and the flow distance was up to 12 cm. The flow was unidirectional, and the phase contrast microscopic images showed that
the NTSs were strongly stained with Alcian blue. The ultrastructure of the NTSs revealed by cryo-scanning electron microscopy
and high-voltage electron microscopy showed that (1) there were cell-like bodies and globular clumps of matter inside the
sinus of the channel with thin strands of segregated zones which is a microscopic evidence of the liquid flow, (2) the sinuses
have wall structures surrounded with extracellular matrices of collagenous fibers, and (3) there exists a cribriform structure
of sinuses. To understand the mechanism for the circulation, a quantitative analysis of the flow speed has been undertaken
applying a simplified windkessel model. In this analysis, it was shown that the liquid flow through the NTSs could be due
to peristaltic motion of the NTS itself.
Baeckkyoung Sung and Min Su Kim contributed equally to this work. 相似文献