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简述了国内外遥感监测平台的发展现状,基于湖南省生态环境遥感监测现状进行了分析,指出遥感监测平台存在遥感监测与评估技术缺乏、监测能力薄弱以及监测网络建设不完善等问题。从平台建设架构出发,构建了数据平台,对卫星遥感数据、地面调查/监测资料、无人机航测数据进行管理、存储、分析等;业务平台,主要围绕水、气、土壤等整个生态环境监测体系开展相应的监测和管理,还可针对重点区域,环境督察等业务进行拓展;展示平台,主要是通过各种终端设备和硬件对各类业务进行可视化。提出发射独立高分遥感卫星、深化遥感监测应用研究、加强各部门协同合作等建议,以期为湖南省生态环境遥感监测平台建设与发展提供参考。 相似文献
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系统梳理了农村环境监测工作现状,分析了江苏省农村环境监测工作存在的问题,突出表现在监测网络不完善、技术体系不完备、体制机制不健全、基础能力待加强、信息化水平须提升等方面。立足管理视角,以客观反映农村生态环境质量为目标,以有效服务和支撑农业农村环境监管为重点,从业务、责任、技术、保障4个方面提出了新时期江苏农业农村生态环境监测体系的建设思路。 相似文献
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科学谋划“十四五”国家生态环境监测网络建设 总被引:7,自引:7,他引:0
党的十八大以来,党中央、国务院高度重视环境监测工作,将生态环境监测纳入生态文明改革的大局统筹推进,取得了前所未有的显著成效。然而与建设美丽中国的新要求及国际先进水平相比, 中国的生态环境监测网络仍存在差距。笔者深入研究了当前和今后一个时期国家生态环境监测网络发展方向 ,并提出相应建议。针对空气、地表水、土壤、生态、声等要素的国家生态环境监测网络,分别提出网络布局及点位优化的原则,强调应通过理顺国家生态环境监测网运行机制、建立部门协作机制、健全生态环境监测法规标准体系、加强监测新技术研究及成果转化、强化监测装备自主研发等方式加强生态环境监测网络相关保障。 相似文献
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介绍了国内外大气颗粒物标准样品体系构成及制备技术,分析了我国大气颗粒物标准样品存在的种类和目标组分单一、研制技术薄弱等问题。在借鉴国外发展经验和考虑我国需求和研究能力的基础上,提出了拓宽大气颗粒物标准样品基质和污染物种类、完善标准样品体系、加强合作与科研投入、逐步攻克研制技术难点等对策和建议。 相似文献
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阐述了水生态健康的内涵与意义,从江苏省率先在太湖流域开展水生态环境功能分区管理的顶层设计,构建以水生态健康指标为核心的水生态健康评估技术体系,地方对照水生态环境功能区划的水生态分级管控目标开展的应用与实践结果等3个方面,回顾了江苏省太湖流域水生态健康评估工作的主要进展,提出了完善水生态健康评估技术体系和推进流域水生态健康评估工作的建议。 相似文献
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Eco-environment quality evaluation is an important research theme in environment management. In the present study, Fuzhou
city in China was selected as a study area and a limited number of 222 sampling field sites were first investigated in situ with the help of a GPS device. Every sampling site was assessed by ecological experts and given an Eco-environment Background
Value (EBV) based on a scoring and ranking system. The higher the EBV, the better the ecological environmental quality. Then,
three types of eco-environmental attributes that are physically-based and easily-quantifiable at a grid level were extracted:
(1) remote sensing derived attributes (vegetation index, wetness index, soil brightness index, surface land temperature index),
(2) meteorological attributes (annual temperature and annual precipitation), and (3) terrain attribute (elevation). A Back
Propagation (BP) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was proposed for the EBV validation and prediction. A three-layer BP
ANN model was designed to automatically learn the internal relationship using a training set of known EBV and eco-environmental
attributes, followed by the application of the model for predicting EBV values across the whole study area. It was found that
the performance of the BP ANN model was satisfactory and capable of an overall prediction accuracy of 82.4%, with a Kappa
coefficient of 0.801 in the validation. The evaluation results showed that the eco-environmental quality of Fuzhou city is
considered as satisfactory. Through analyzing the spatial correlation between the eco-environmental quality and land uses,
it was found that the best eco-environmental areas were related to forest lands, whereas the urban area had the relatively
worst eco-environmental quality. Human activities are still considered as a major impact on the eco-environmental quality
in this area. 相似文献
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基于GIS空间分析技术结合CA Markov预测模型,对安宁河流域2000—2018年的土地生态安全进行动态评价及预测。结果表明:安宁河流域土地生态安全指数由北向南递增,垂直差异显著;研究期内预警和风险总占比由27.72%下降至23.84%,良好和安全面积总占比由46.11%上升至51.49%;2000—2018年安宁河流域土地生态安全综合指数呈上升趋势,土地生态发展态势良好;预测结果显示,流域土地生态安全状况将持续好转。安宁河流域土地生态安全虽然总体水平有较大提高,但仍须加强对生态环境的治理力度,推进土地生态安全的可持续发展。 相似文献
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The Chinese government has conducted the Returning Grazing Land to Grassland Project (RGLGP) across large portions of grasslands from western China since 2003. In order to explore and understand the impact in the grassland's eco-environment during the RGLGP, we utilized Projection Pursuit Model (PPM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) to develop a spatial assessment model to examine the ecological vulnerability of the grassland. Our results include five indications: (1) it is practical to apply the spatial PPM on ecological vulnerability assessment for the grassland. This methodology avoids creating an artificial hypothesis, thereby providing objective results that successfully execute a multi-index assessment process and analysis under non-linear systems in eco-environments; (2) the spatial PPM is not only capable of evaluating regional eco-environmental vulnerability in a quantitative way, but also can quantitatively demonstrate the degree of effect in each evaluation index for regional eco-environmental vulnerability; (3) the eco-environment of the Xianshui River Basin falls into the medium range level. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land use cover and change (LUCC) crucially influence the Xianshui River Basin's eco-environmental vulnerability. Generally, in the Xianshui River Basin, regional eco-environmental conditions improved during 2000 and 2010. The RGLGP positively affected NDVI and LUCC structure, thereby promoting the enhancement of the regional eco-environment; (4) the Xianshui River Basin divides its ecological vulnerability across different levels; therefore our study investigates three ecological regions and proposes specific suggestions for each in order to assist in eco-environmental protection and rehabilitation; and lastly that (5) the spatial PPM established by this study has the potential to be applied on all types of grassland eco-environmental vulnerability assessments under the RGLGP and under the similar conditions in the Returning Agriculture Land to Forest Project (RALFP). However, when establishing an eco-environmental vulnerability assessment model, it is necessary to choose suitable evaluation indexes in accordance with regional eco-environmental characteristics. 相似文献
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In developing countries, ecological transfer payments (ETPs) are a preferred method of solving the dilemma of environmental governance. However, the associated policy effects have not yet been effectively evaluated. We use unique ETPs' data provided by the Ministry of Finance of China in a dynamic spatial panel data model. Our study finds that ETPs stimulate the efforts of local governments to improve environmental quality, and play a coordinated role in mitigating the race-to-the-bottom competition among regions. However, these transfer payments (TPs) do not promote ecological improvement. Although the design of non-ecological transfer payments (non-ETPs) considers ecological and environmental factors, they do not effectively play an incentive and coordinated role. The ETPs' behavior that encourages local governments to invest in environmental improvements exhibits more of a compensation rather than a leverage effect. This conclusion suggests that policymakers should pay attention to the coordinated role, and increase the weight of ecological factors, in the design of TPs. 相似文献
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科学监管评价生态保护红线区生态环境是合理利用自然资源和充分保护生态环境的基础,对推动国家生态文明建设具有重要意义。该研究基于“天-空-地”一体化获取多源数据,结合GIS和RS空间分析,从生态系统格局和质量、人类活动、环境限制4个方面选取25个指标,构建了生物多样性维护生态保护红线区监管评价体系,并以泰山生态保护红线区为例进行分析研究。结果表明:2000—2015年,研究区生态系统格局、生态系统质量、人类活动状况3个分指数得分及生态环境综合得分均呈现先降后升的趋势,就综合得分而言,2000—2005年、2005—2010年得分降幅分别为18.73%和5.24%,2010年得分最低(41.97分),而2010—2015年得分增幅为81.63%,2015年得分为76.23分,生态环境综合得分评价等级由Ⅱ级升为Ⅰ级。其中城乡居民和工矿用地面积占比、生态系统破碎度和分离度、植被生物量是影响研究区生态环境的关键指标,相关部门应加强对研究区边界处人类活动的监管,并注重生态系统完整性和植被生长状态的保护。该监管评价体系具有较强的实践性、科学性和可操作性,可为生态保护红线区的监管评价提供新思路。 相似文献
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随着遥感数据源的不断丰富,遥感技术不断提高,可以解决越来越多的水环境问题。指出了当前水生态环境管理方面的主要需求,结合目前遥感技术的发展,对国内外的水环境遥感研究进展进行综述。以湖泊富营养化监测与评估、核电站温排水遥感监测及城市黑臭水体遥感监测为案例,具体阐述遥感在水环境管理中的应用方法及成效。未来水生态环境管理发展趋势将以水污染防治为主向水污染防治和水生态修复与保护并重发展。基于此趋势,提出遥感在水生态修复的应用潜力,利于更多地方部门积极有效应用遥感技术,解决水生态环境问题。 相似文献
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For the past three decades, ecological decline associated with rapid urbanization has been a global phenomenon, particularly in developing countries, where economic growth is often financed through off-budget earmarked revenue sources such as land sales. Under this context, governmental intervention to improve the environment may not be effective if such intervention suppresses land sales revenues, because these revenues are also used to finance environmental protection projects. What is the relationship between land revenues and environmental quality? More importantly, how does governmental intervention to improve the environment influence this relationship? Employing panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2015, this study empirically answers these questions. We find that land financing strongly influences pollution in an inverted U-shape pattern, where local land revenues increase pollution until a turning point at which a decline in pollution is observed. More importantly, we find that environmental intervention programs can accelerate the decline in pollution. These findings establish the moderating impact of environmental intervention programs within a rapid urbanization context. 相似文献