Influence of phenol on ammonia removal in an intermittent aeration bioreactor treating biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater

A laboratory-scale intermittent aeration bioreactor was investigated to treat biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater that was mainly composed of NH_3-N and phenol.The results showed that increasing phenol loading had an adverse effect on NH_3-N removal;the concentration in effluent at phenol loading of 40 mg phenol/(L·day) was 7.3 mg/L, 36.3%of that at 200 mg phenol/(L·day). The enzyme ammonia monooxygenase showed more sensitivity than hydroxylamine oxidoreductase to the inhibitory effect of phenol, with32.2% and 10.5% activity inhibition, respectively at 200 mg phenol/(L·day). Owing to intermittent aeration conditions, nitritation-type nitrification and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND) were observed, giving a maximum SND efficiency of 30.5%.Additionally, ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB) and denitrifying bacteria were the main group identified by fluorescent in situ hybridization. However, their relative abundance represented opposite variations as phenol loading increased, ranging from 30.1% to 17.5%and 7.6% to 18.2% for AOB and denitrifying bacteria, respectively.     

UASB反应器处理含蛋白质废水颗粒污泥形成的研究

以含蛋白质废水为基质,UASB反应器内培养颗粒污泥的试验结果表明,控制反应器出水 pH在7.2—7.5之间,出水丙酸浓度不超过300mg/L条件下,污泥负荷大于0.67kg COD/kgVSS·d时反应器内形成了颗粒污泥.MPN法计数发酵性细菌、丙酸分解菌、丁酸分解菌、乙酸裂解产甲烷菌和甲酸/H_2+CO_2,产甲烷菌的数量,只有当各类群细菌数量达到一定水平并且有合适的比例时才能形成颗粒污泥,颗粒污泥成熟后其组成相对稳定.颗粒污泥同接种污泥相比,其最大比产甲烷活性提高较大,是细菌数量增加的缘故。     

AFMBR处理低浓度废水的运行特性

采用厌氧流化床膜生物反应器（AFMBR）处理模拟生活污水,研究其启动运行的特性.结果表明,在室温、进水COD 270mg/L的条件下,AFMBR系统经过驯化富集后,其出水SCOD能稳定维持在30mg/L以下,冬季温度降低时,系统产甲烷菌的活性会受到抑制,出水SCOD在30~40mg/L,但仍可满足一级A排放标准.系统的总甲烷转化量在0.182L/g COD去除左右,温度越高气体甲烷的转化量越大,进水COD约有45%转化为甲烷.AFMBR系统连续运行218d的污泥产量为0.071g VSS/g COD,其值要远远低于典型好氧系统的污泥产量.系统的能耗及产能,若只考虑气态甲烷产能,本研究中当HRT降至10h时产能才能满足能耗需求;若考虑所有的甲烷产能,当HRT降至20h时产能即能满足能耗需求,当HRT降至10h时产能是能耗需求的2倍.因此,AFMBR作为一个低耗高效的废水处理系统,具有良好应用潜力.     

DC反应器处理中药废水过程中出水的光谱分析

采用三维荧光(EEM)与傅立叶红外(FTIR)光谱技术,对不同运行条件下,新型双循环(DC)厌氧反应器处理中药废水的出水情况进行了分析,以期为厌氧反应器的有效监控提供新思路.结果表明,在HRT为24h时,COD去除率为94%左右,平均产气率达到0.37m3CH4/kgCOD,出水的EEM光谱中,Ex/Em=420/470nm处出现了明显的辅酶F420吸收峰;而HRT减少为12h后,虽然COD去除率仍达到90%左右,但出水EEM光谱中,辅酶F420的吸收峰有所降低,并出现了类富里酸的吸收峰,表明不宜再继续减少HRT.当温度由30oC降低为20oC时,温度的变化影响了厌氧污泥的性状,使得出水的FTIR光谱中3400cm-1处的吸收峰由原来的钝峰变为尖峰.而在进水中添加大黄酸后,造成了反应器内有机酸的累积,产甲烷菌活性受到严重影响,出水的EEM光谱中,腐殖酸与类富里酸的吸收峰显著增强.     

生物硫铁复合材料处理含铬废水及铬资源化研究

研究了由硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)与其原位生成的纳米硫铁化合物组成的生物硫铁复合材料(生物硫铁)的耐铬性能和再生性能,并利用其再生特性,设计了处理高浓度含铬废水及铬资源化的还原-再生循环处理工艺.结果表明,生物硫铁处理含铬废水后,污泥中的SRB仍具有活性,能以反应产物Fe3+和S单质为电子受体,重新生成生物硫铁;而且SRB在Cr(VI)浓度600mg/L的废水中仍能存活并逐渐将Cr(VI)去除.还原-再生循环处理工艺处理含铬废水结果表明,出水Cr(VI)低于0.019mg/L,总Cr低于0.929mg/L,能达标排放.经10个循环处理后污泥中铬(Cr2O3)含量达到40.47%,铬铁比达到6.98,污泥达到冶金级(湿法冶炼铬)铬矿标准和化工级铬矿标准,可资源化利用.     

Performance and microbial community of a membrane bioreactor system——Treating wastewater from ethanol fermentation of food waste

In this study, a lab-scale biological anaerobic/anaerobic/anoxic/membrane bioreactor(A_-~3MBR) was designed to treat wastewater from the ethanol fermentation of food waste,a promising way for the disposal of food waste and reclamation of resources. The 454 pyrosequencing technique was used to investigate the composition of the microbial community in the treatment system. The system yielded a stable effluent concentration of chemical oxygen demand(202 ± 23 mg/L), total nitrogen(62.1 ± 7.1 mg/L), ammonia(0.3 ±0.13 mg/L) and total phosphorus(8.3 ± 0.9 mg/L), and the reactors played different roles in specific pollutant removal. The exploration of the microbial community in the system revealed that:(1) the microbial diversity of anaerobic reactors A_1 and A_2, in which organic pollutants were massively degraded, was much higher than that in anoxic A_3 and aerobic MBR;(2) although the community composition in each reactor was quite different, bacteria assigned to the classes Clostridia, Bacteroidia, and Synergistia were important and common microorganisms for organic pollutant degradation in the anaerobic units, and bacteria from Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were the dominant microbial population in A_3 and MBR;(3) the taxon identification indicated that Arcobacter in the anaerobic reactors and Thauera in the anoxic reactor were two representative genera in the biological process. Our results proved that the biological A_-~3MBR process is an alternative technique for treating wastewater from food waste.     

微压流化式复合生物反应器处理含酚废水效能的研究

通过连续动态试验,对新型微压流化式复合生物反应器(MP-FHBR)处理模拟苯酚废水的效能进行研究.结果表明,MP-FHBR的COD容积负荷可达4.86kg/(m3·d)、苯酚容积负荷可达1.96kg/(m3·d),出水COD低于200mg/L、出水苯酚浓度低于1mg/L,COD和苯酚去除率分别达到90%和99%以上.当苯酚容积负荷达到2.04kg/(m3·d),苯酚在反应器中逐渐累积,反应器内微生物的TTC-比脱氢酶活性下降.当MP-FHBR进水苯酚浓度为800mg/L时,最佳水力停留时间为9～10h.水力负荷对反应器沉淀池的泥水分离效果影响较大,限制了反应器的进水量,所以MP-FHBR主要适用于处理较高浓度的含酚废水.     

制裘废水厌氧处理的可行性研究

采用静态试验法研究了制裘过程产生的两股主要废水——浸皮废水和洗皮废水厌氧处理的可行性。浸皮废水对甲烷菌无抑制作用,并具有良好的厌氧生物降解性,甲烷气产率为1.02 m~3/m~3,COD去除率可达87.6％。洗皮废水的甲烷气产率为0.82m~3/m~3。洗皮废水中的洗涤剂DG7不能被厌氧降解,但会被污泥吸附,当其浓度低于50—100 mg/L,甲烷菌可被驯化,不影响厌氧过程。洗皮废水宜与浸皮废水或其它污水合并进行厌氧处理。     

UAFB-缺氧-好氧MBR组合工艺处理生活污水效能研究

为了同时达到从生活污水中回收能源性气体和深度处理生活污水的目的,试验采用升流式厌氧污泥固定床(up-flowanaerobic fixed bed,UAFB)-缺氧-好氧膜生物反应(membrane bioreactor,MBR)组合工艺处理生活污水.试验重点研究了组合工艺对生活污水的处理效能,包括能源性气体的产生效能、对污染物质的处理效能以及对污泥浓度的控制.UAFB-缺氧-好氧MBR组合工艺在温度20℃、厌氧HRT为3 h、缺氧HRT为3 h、好氧HRT为3.5 h的条件下运行,甲烷气体的产生量为1.55L/d,COD去除率为93.28%,NH 4+-N去除率为90.60%,UAFB出水VFAs总量54.74 mg/L,TN去除率为45.51%.试验发现,组合工艺可以长期维持反应器内较低的污泥浓度,大大减小了剩余污泥的处理量,在一定程度上实现了污泥减量化,同时较低的污泥浓度有利于缓解膜污染.     

Removal of organic matter and nitrogen from distillery wastewater by a combination of methane fermentation and denitrification/nitrification processes

Introduction D istillery w astew ater m ainly includes spent w ash, w hich is one of the m ost com plex, troublesom e industrial organic effluents. This kind of w astew ater has previously been treated aerobically after dilution w ith other w ash w aters.…     

Anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanol in upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor

The direct conversion of methanol into methane is the main process in anaerobic treatment of methanol containing wastewater. However, acetic acid can also be produced from methanol theoretically, which may probably result in an abrupt pH drop and deteriorate the anaerobic process. Therefore, it is interesting to know what would really happen in an anaerobic reactor treating methanol wastewater. In this study, an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor treating methanol wastewater was operated. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), acetic acid and pH of the effluent were monitored at different loadings and influent alkalinity. The results showed that the anaerobic reactor could be operated steadily at as low as 119 mg/L of influent alkalinity and high organic loading rate with no obvious pH drops. Volatile fatty acids accumulation was not observed even at strong shock loadings. The microorganisms in the sludge at the end of the test became homogeneous in morphology, which were mainly spherical or spheroidal in shape. __________ Translated from China Water & Wastewater, 2006, 22(13): 42–44,48 [译自: 中国给水排水]     

Oxygen tolerance capacity of upflow anaerobic solid-state (UASS) with anaerobic filter (AF) system

In order to investigate the oxygen tolerance capacity of upflow anaerobic solid-state(UASS)with anaerobic filter(AF) system, the effect of microaeration on thermophilic anaerobic digestion of maize straw was investigated under batch conditions and in the UASS with AF system. Aeration intensities of 0–431 m L O2/gvswere conducted as pretreatment under batch conditions. Aeration pretreatment obviously enhanced anaerobic digestion and an aeration intensity of 431 m L O2/gvsincreased the methane yield by 82.2%. Aeration intensities of 0–355 m L O2/gvswere conducted in the process liquor circulation of the UASS with AF system. Dissolved oxygen(DO) of UASS and AF reactors kept around 1.39 ±0.27 and 0.99 ± 0.38 mg/L, respectively. p H was relatively stable around 7.11 ± 0.04. Volatile fatty acids and soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration in UASS reactor were higher than those in AF reactor. Methane yield of the whole system was almost stable at 85 ± 7 m L/gvs as aeration intensity increased step by step. The UASS with AF system showed good oxygen tolerance capacity.     

Degradation of phenol in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at ambient temperature

IntroductionPhenolistherawmaterialforthecommercialproductionofawidevarietyofresins ,includingphenolicresinsasconstructionmaterialsforautomobilesandappliances,expoxyresinsasadhesives ,andpolyamideforvariousapplications.Inaddition ,phenolsareoftenfoundinwas…     

Degradation of phenol in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperatureKE

A synthetic wastewater containing phenol as sole substrate was treated in a 2.8 L upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperature. The operation conditions and phenol removal efficiency were discussed, microbial population in the UASB sludge was identified based on DNA cloning, and pathway of anaerobic phenol degradation was proposed. Phenol in wastewater was degraded in an UASB reactor at loading rate up to 18 gCOD/(L·d), With a 1:1 recycle ratio, at 26(1℃, pH 7.0-7.5. An UASB reactor was able to remove 99% of phenol up to 1226 mg/L in wastewater with 24 h of hydraulic retention time(HRT). For HRT below 24 h, phenol degradation efficiency decreased with HRT, from 95.4% at 16 h to 93.8% at 12 h. It further deteriorated to 88.5% when HRT reached 8 h. When the concentration of influent phenol of the reactor was 1260 mg/L(corresponding COD 3000 mg/L), with the HRT decreasing(from 40 h to 4 h, corresponding COD loading increasing), the biomass yields tended to increase from 0.265 to 3.08 g/(L·d). While at 12 h of HRT, the biomass yield was lower. When HRT was 12 h, the methane yield was 0.308 L/(gCOD removed), which was the highest. Throughout the study, phenol was the sole organic substrate. The effluent contained only residual phenol without any detectable intermediates, such as benzoate, 4-hydrobenzoate or volatile fatty acids(VFAs). Based on DNA cloning analysis, the sludge was composed of five groups of microorganisms. Desulfotomaculum and Clostridium were likely responsible for the conversion of phenol to benzoate, which was further degraded by Syntrophus to acetate and H2/CO2. Methanogens lastly converted acetate and H2/CO2 to methane. The role of epsilon-Proteobacteria was, however, unsure.     

ABR启动期运行效能及互营产甲烷菌群的分布特征

为探讨厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）启动期运行效能和互营产甲烷菌群的空间分布特征,考察了ABR反应器处理制糖废水启动期的运行特征,并采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）技术分析了互营产甲烷菌群在ABR各格室的分布规律.结果表明,在污泥驯化阶段,ABR的COD去除率为61.5%,出水挥发酸总量高达1808mg/L.经过2个阶段的调控运行后,ABR出水挥发酸明显降低,甲烷含量增加至55%以上,COD去除率达到了94.8%.而且ABR第2~4格室形成了沉降性能良好的颗粒污泥.PCR-DGGE检测结果表明,该ABR系统中的主要产氢产乙酸菌为Syntrophobacter和Pelotomaculum,主要分布在ABR系统第3,4格室.ABR第1,2格室的产甲烷菌主要为耐酸的氢营养型产甲烷菌（Methanoregula和Methanosphaerula）,而乙酸营养型产甲烷菌（Methanosaeta和Methanothrix）主要分布在第3,4格室.ABR系统中产甲烷菌的多样性要明显高于产氢产乙酸菌,说明当系统受到冲击时,产氢产乙酸作用比产甲烷作用更易成为限速步骤.     

Advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater by a novel heterogeneous Fenton oxidation process

Sewage sludge from a biological wastewater treatment plant was converted into sewage sludge based activated carbon(SBAC) with Zn Cl2 as activation agent, which was used as a support for ferric oxides to form a catalyst(Fe Ox/SBAC) by a simple impregnation method.The new material was then used to improve the performance of Fenton oxidation of real biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater(CGW). The results indicated that the prepared Fe Ox/SBAC significantly enhanced the pollutant removal performance in the Fenton process, so that the treated wastewater was more biodegradable and less toxic. The best performance was obtained over a wide p H range from 2 to 7, temperature 30°C, 15 mg/L of H2O2 and 1 g/L of catalyst, and the treated effluent concentrations of COD, total phenols,BOD5 and TOC all met the discharge limits in China. Meanwhile, on the basis of significant inhibition by a radical scavenger in the heterogeneous Fenton process as well as the evolution of FT-IR spectra of pollutant-saturated Fe Ox/BAC with and without H2O2, it was deduced that the catalytic activity was responsible for generating hydroxyl radicals, and a possible reaction pathway and interface mechanism were proposed. Moreover, Fe Ox/SBAC showed superior stability over five successive oxidation runs. Thus, heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of biologically pretreated CGW by Fe Ox/SBAC, with the advantages of being economical, efficient and sustainable, holds promise for engineering application.     

焦化废水中有机物在A1-A2-O生物膜系统中的降解机理研究

对焦化废水中有机物在A1 A2 O生物膜系统各段的降解进行了研究 .结果表明 ,废水中主要有机组份为苯酚类和含氮杂环类化合物 ,它们所占比例分别为 5 0 %和 4 0 % .经过厌氧酸化处理后 ,苯酚类中简单酚得到了较大程度的降解 ,随着苯酚甲基取代基数目的增加 ,降解率逐渐降低 ,对三甲酚则没有降解 ;简单的含氮杂环化合物如喹啉、异喹啉、吲哚、吡啶在厌氧过程中也得到了较大的降解 ,而有取代基的含氮杂环化合物则有所增加 ;喹啉和甲基喹啉的降解可生成羟基喹啉和甲基 2(1H)喹啉酮中间产物 .经过厌氧酸化段处理后 ,废水的BOD5 COD有较大提高 .厌氧出水的大部分有机物可在缺氧段得到降解 .最终出水中有机物基本上为大分子难降解物质 .     

工业有机废水为共基质培养降解五氯酚厌氧颗粒污泥

研究了工业有机废水和五氯酚(PCP)共存条件下,改良UASB反应器中厌氧污泥的颗粒化过程.实验发现降解PCP厌氧颗粒污泥形成可分成污泥驯化、颗粒污泥出现与成熟3个阶段,污泥颗粒化过程中污泥量、污泥活性和厌氧消化3大类群细菌数量与生态分布发生特征性变化,所培养颗粒污泥具有脱氯降解PCP的活性,产甲烷优势菌为杆状或长丝状产甲烷丝菌,在生物结构上形成互营微菌落,但污泥颗粒无明显层次性微结构.作为共基质的有机废水其种类影响着颗粒化进程、颗粒污泥脱氯活性与产甲烷优势菌.     

强化A2/O工艺反硝化除磷性能的运行控制策略

以啤酒废水为研究对象,重点考察了如何强化A2/O工艺反硝化除磷性能,从而提高营养物去除效果、并实现节能的目的.试验中建立了3种运行控制策略:(1)根据缺氧区末端出水硝酸盐的浓度控制内循环回流量;(2)调节厌氧/缺氧/好氧区体积比以减少厌氧区出水剩余COD对缺氧磷吸收的影响;(3)向缺氧区引入旁流并调节旁流比.试验结果表明,当缺氧区末端出水硝酸盐浓度控制在1～3 mg·L-1时,不仅可强化反硝化除磷效果,而且可以节省内循环所需能耗;厌氧/缺氧/好氧区最佳体积比为1/1/2;旁流的引入可以提高低C/N比条件下TN的去除,最优旁流比为0.32.     

水解酸化-厌氧-好氧法处理苯甲酸类化工废水研究

以某化工生产企业废水为例,介绍了水解酸化-厌氧-SBR工艺处理高浓度苯甲酸类生产废水的工程实例,该工程设计规模为70m^3／d,综合进水CODcr高达15000mg／L。实践表明,该工艺处理苯甲酸类废水是一种经济有效的处理方法。利用水解酸化对废水进行预处理,不仅有效地去除了77％的CODcr,还大幅提高了废水的可生化性,使BOD5／COD值由原水的0．33升高到O．54,提高了废水的可生化性,减轻了后续生化处理的负荷,并使最终出水CODcr小于500mg／L,出水可达《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978～1996）三级排放标准。