共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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下第三系沙河街组是东营凹陷最重要的生油层段 ,精细研究发现沙河街组主力烃源岩在岩性岩相组合、有机质性质和组成等方面存在显著的差异性。通过分析盆地的沉积体系和演化序列 ,将沙河街组烃源岩自下而上划分为三个发展演化阶段 ,从湖盆形成早期的欠充填阶段经过平衡充填到最后的过充填 ,经历了一个完整的湖盆类型演变旋回过程 ,它们分别对应于岩石地层单元中的沙四上亚段、沙三下亚段和沙三中、上亚段。由于湖泊充填过程的阶段性导致了各充填单元烃源岩有机质的组成成分、有机质的保存条件和生物标志化合物等地球化学指标的差异性 ,而这些特征的差异性正说明了湖盆的充填过程控制了烃源岩的形成和发育。 相似文献
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东海内陆架沉积物中黑碳分布及其与持久性有机污染物的相关性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文采用化学热氧化法测定了25个东海内陆架表层沉积物中黑碳的含量,探讨了沉积物中黑碳与总有机碳、粒度以及持久性有机污染物之间的关系.结果表明,东海内陆架表层沉积物中黑碳的含量范围为0.21~0.88 mg.g-1.沉积物中黑碳和总有机碳之间没有显著的相关性,表明两者具有不同的来源.区域内沉积物在粒度上有明显的空间分异,黑碳的空间差异则较小,表明黑碳的沉积过程受颗粒物分选过程的影响较小.沉积物中多环芳烃和滴滴涕的含量与黑碳无显著的相关性,可能与东海内陆架环境中强烈的水动力过程和持久性有机污染物来源的复杂性有关. 相似文献
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利用索氏抽提、Tenax部分萃取和沉积物的粒度和密度分离等方法对滇池沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的赋存状态及其再分配进行了研究。研究结果表明:滇池沉积物中PAHs主要存在于小粒度和低密度的组分中;尽管PAHs在粒度分布上存在一定的差异,但沉积物中碳质吸附剂的组成和含量才是决定PAHs在沉积物中赋存状态的主要因素;由于PAHs与沉积物中不同吸附剂相互作用的差异,随着时间的推移,沉积物中的PAHs存在一个再分配过程,吸附在无定形有机质和无机矿物等弱吸附剂上的PAHs逐渐向黑炭、焦炭等碳质吸附剂上转移,导致沉积物中的PAHs慢慢被锁定,因而其生物有效性也逐渐下降。 相似文献
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Métais G Antoine PO Baqri SR Benammi M Crochet JY de Franceschi D Marivaux L Welcomme JL 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2006,93(7):348-355
Newly discovered fossil material of the enigmatic cetartiodactyl Bugtitherium grandincisivum from the upper Oligocene of the Bugti Member of the Chitarwata Formation in the Bugti Hills (Balochistan, Pakistan) is reported. These new specimens consist of two fragmentary muzzles (one preserving the first incisors and belonging to a juvenile) and a fragmentary right mandible with m3. The morphologies of the anterior dentition and m3 provided by these new specimens confirm the validity of the genus Bugtitherium and advocate probable anthracotheriid affinity for the genus rather than entelodontid or suoid affinities, but do not definitively close the debate about Bugtitherium’s familial affinities within Cetartiodactyla. Although still poorly documented, this large-sized anthracotheriid-like cetartiodactyl is a possible key form for understanding the early evolution of hippos, and, in turn, the ancestry of whales, because of both its morphological similarities with hippos and primitive Paleogene whales and its Tethysian distribution. 相似文献
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Wolf v. Engelhardt 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1982,69(9):405-419
A summary of lunar geology. Light feldspathic rocks which constitute the highland areas are components of the primeval crust of the Moon. Dark pyroxeneand ilmenite-rich basaltic lava flows — resulting from partial melting processes in the lunar mantle — filled the Maria basins, 3.1–3.9 × 109 years ago. Craters of all sizes and large circular basins were formed by impacting bodies from outside which produced the regolith blanket — a mass of comminuted rocks with fragments of impact breccias, impact melt glasses and impact melt rocks. 相似文献
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菲尔德斯半岛火山活动有两个高峰期,相应分为两个亚族回.火山机构有二类,一类以火山颈相岩柱为标志,另一类发育着火口相、近火口相集块岩、集块熔岩.据形成时间又可分为早期和晚期火山机构.火山活动明显受区域构造控制,为典型的裂隙中心式喷发,形成本区NW向、间距约为2km的火山喷发带.早期活动遍及全区,具有自SW向NE迁移的总体演化趋势;晚期沿火山喷发带自NW向SE局部性迁移. 相似文献
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Seiffert ER Nasir S Al-Harthy A Groenke JR Kraatz BP Stevens NJ Al-Sayigh AR 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2012,99(2):133-141
Despite significant recent improvements to our understanding of the early evolution of the Order Proboscidea (elephants and
their extinct relatives), geographic sampling of the group’s Paleogene fossil record remains strongly biased, with the first
~30 million years of proboscidean evolution documented solely in near-coastal deposits of northern Africa. The considerable
morphological disparity that is observable among the late Eocene and early Oligocene proboscideans of northern Africa suggests
that other, as yet unsampled, parts of Afro-Arabia might have served as important centers for the early diversification of
major proboscidean clades. Here we describe the oldest taxonomically diagnostic remains of a fossil proboscidean from the
Arabian Peninsula, a partial mandible of Omanitherium dhofarensis (new genus and species), from near the base of the early Oligocene Shizar Member of the Ashawq Formation, in the Dhofar Governorate
of the Sultanate of Oman. The molars and premolars of Omanitherium are morphologically intermediate between those of Arcanotherium and Barytherium from northern Africa, but its specialized lower incisors are unlike those of other known Paleogene proboscideans in being
greatly enlarged, high-crowned, conical, and tusk-like. Omanitherium is consistently placed close to late Eocene Barytherium in our phylogenetic analyses, and we place the new genus in the Family Barytheriidae. Some features of Omanitherium, such as tusk-like lower second incisors, the possible loss of the lower central incisors, an enlarged anterior mental foramen,
and inferred elongate mandibular symphysis and diminutive P2, suggest a possible phylogenetic link with Deinotheriidae, an extinct family of proboscideans whose origins have long been
mysterious. 相似文献
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Ravel A Marivaux L Tabuce R Adaci M Mahboubi M Mebrouk F Bensalah M 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2011,98(5):397-405
The Afro-Arabian Paleogene fossil record of Chiroptera is very poor. In North Africa and Arabia, this record is limited, thus far, to a few localities mainly in Tunisia (Chambi, late early Eocene), Egypt (Fayum, late Eocene to early Oligocene), and Sultanate of Oman (Taqah, early Oligocene). It consists primarily of isolated teeth or mandible fragments. Interestingly, these African fossil bats document two modern groups (Vespertilionoidea and Rhinolophoidea) from the early Eocene, while the bat fossil record of the same epoch of North America, Eurasia, and Australia principally includes members of the ??Eochiroptera.?? This paraphyletic group contains all primitive microbats excluding modern families. In Algeria, the region of Brezina, southeast of the Atlas Mountains, is famous for the early Eocene El Kohol Formation, which has yielded one of the earliest mammalian faunas of the African landmass. Recent fieldwork in the same area has led to the discovery of a new vertebrate locality, including isolated teeth of Chiroptera. These fossils represent the oldest occurrence of Chiroptera in Africa, thus extending back the record of the group to the middle early Eocene (Ypresian) on that continent. The material consists of an upper molar and two fragments of lower molars. The dental character association matches that of ??Eochiroptera.?? As such, although very fragmentary, the material testifies to the first occurrence of ??Eochiroptera?? in Algeria, and by extension in Africa. This discovery demonstrates that this basal group of Chiroptera had a worldwide distribution during the early Paleogene. 相似文献
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通过近百口全取芯钻井岩芯的岩石学、矿物学、古生物学和地球化学特征的综合研究 ,认为渝东及相邻川东地区的上石炭统黄龙组碳酸盐岩储层主要为古岩溶作用产物。文中简要介绍了黄龙组古岩溶型储层的主要识别标志和岩溶角砾岩的结构 成分分类方案 ,重点对岩溶相、岩溶地貌分区和微地貌单元、岩溶旋回和溶蚀段划分进行了较为详细的描述。在此基础上 ,建立了渝东黄龙组岩溶相、古岩溶地貌和岩溶旋回与古岩溶储层特征和分布关系的综合模式 ,指出岩溶斜坡和岩溶盆地分区中的坡地与残丘微地貌单元为最有利储层发育的部位 ,发育于C2 h2 白云岩段中的上部溶蚀段和下部溶蚀段为最有利古岩溶储层发育的层位 相似文献
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通过对苏丹M盆地萨加隆起带的原油地球化学特征分析 ,探讨了生成原油的烃源岩的母质的沉积环境。该带原油主要有两种类型 ,一种是正常原油 ,另一种是生物降解油。原油的地球化学特征表明 :正常原油具有较高的饱和烃含量 ,生物降解原油饱和烃含量低 ,非烃含量高 ;碳同位素表明为典型的湖相Ⅰ Ⅱ有机质生成的原油 ;原油饱和烃具有较低的异戊二稀烃 ,Pr/Ph一般在 1.5左右 ,表现为弱的姥鲛烷优势 ,具有较完整的重排甾烷和新藿烷系列 ,γ蜡烷含量较低 ;重排甾烷含量高 ,C2 7、C2 8、C2 9甾烷呈“V”字型分布 ,具有较丰富的4 甲基甾烷。原油地球化学指标显示主要的烃源岩为弱氧化—弱还原、淡水—微咸水的沉积环境 ,有机质为水生生物和细菌改造的陆源有机质的混合输入 ,为一种以生油为主生气较少的母质类型。 相似文献
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Peggy Vincent Rémi Allemand Paul D. Taylor Guillaume Suan Erin E. Maxwell 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2017,104(5-6):51
The Posidonienschiefer Formation (Toarcian) of Holzmaden, Baden-Württemberg in southwestern Germany has yielded several excellently preserved plesiosaurian specimens and received considerable research attention. The plesiosaurians found within these deposits are always significantly outnumbered by ichthyosaurs, and close examination of these rare specimens is crucial to a better understanding of the diversity and palaeoecology of Plesiosauria in this very peculiar ecosystem. The plesiosaurian specimen SMNS 51945 found in this area is a juvenile individual consisting of a partial, crushed skull and an exquisitely preserved post-cranial skeleton. Its anatomical characters seem to differ from the long-necked plesiosauroids Microcleidus brachypterygius and Seeleyosaurus guilelmiimperatoris that are the most abundant taxa within the plesiosaurian assemblage. The post-cranial skeleton preserves very likely soft tissues composed of buff-coloured and dark-coloured structures around the vertebral column and hindlimb of the animal. A network of buff-coloured fibres located posterior to the hindlimb most likely represents phosphatised collagen fibres as already found in some ichthyosaur specimens, confirming that wing area in plesiosaurians was much larger than that suggested by skeletal remains alone. The specimen also contains gastroliths (sand-sized grains mainly composed of quartz) in the stomach cavity suggesting the animal spent at least some of its time in shallow coastal waters, tens or hundreds of kilometres from the final place of burial. 相似文献
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对南海4个典型断面(18°N,10°N,6°N,113°E)75个表层沉积物的稀土元素地球化学进行分析,结果表明:大部分沉积物具有相对较低的稀土元素(REE)含量(平均∑REE为128 ppm)、高的轻重稀土比(LREE/HREE)、弱的Ce负异常和中等Eu负异常,REE关键参数的变化主要取决于地理位置和沉积环境。∑REE与Al2O3含量呈明显的正相关,而与CaO呈明显的负相关。陆源和生物碳酸盐源是本区沉积物的两个主要来源。较低的Eu/Eu*和(Gd/Yb)N比值以及类似上地壳的REE配分模式,表明本区沉积物的源岩主要为后太古宙的长英质岩石。东部次海盆比西南次海盆的沉积物具有更低的LREE/HREE比值和更高的Eu/Eu*比值,指示有年轻火山岩(如吕宋岛弧等)产物带入到南海东部和南海东北部海域。 相似文献
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介绍了正常海相硅质细碎屑沉积物有机碳与硫化物硫比值(C/S)的含义。以秦岭镇旬盆地南羊山组不同沉积环境沉积物C/S值为例,讨论了还原环境中活性铁的不足对沉积物C/S值的影响,以及有深部成矿物质参与的沉积物具后期发生流化物化沉积物特征的可能性。 相似文献
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Seasonal variation of potential denitrification rates of surface sediment from
Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Jicheng Zhong Chengxin Fan Guofeng Liu Lei Zhang Jingge Shang Xiaozhi Gu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(7):961-967
The regulatory effects of environmental factors on denitrification were studied in the sediments of Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, in a monthly sampling campaign over a one-year period. Denitrification rates were measured in slurries of field samples and enrichment experiments using the acetylene inhibition technique. Sediment denitrification rates in inner bay and outer bay ranged from 2.8 to 51.5 nmol N2/(g dw (dry weight)·hr) and from 1.5 to 81.1 nmol N2/(g dw·hr), respectively. Sediment denitrification rates were greatest in the spring and lowest in the summer and early autumn, due primarily to seasonal differences in nitrate concentration and water temperature. For each site, positive and linear relationships were regularly observed between denitrification rate and water columnn itrate concentration. Of various environmental factors on denitrification that we assessed, nitrate was determined to be the key factor limiting denitrification rates in the sediments of Meiliang Bay. In addition, at the two sites denitrification rates were also regulated by temperature. The addition of organic substrates had no significant effect on denitrification rate, indicating that sediment denitrification was not limited by organic carbon availability in the sediments. Nitrate in the water column was depleted during summer and early autumn, and this suppressed effective removal of nitrogen from Taihu Lake by denitrification. 相似文献