中国“走出去”可持续发展战略分析与政策建议

本文阐述了我国"走出去"战略可持续发展的概况,对促进"走出去"可持续发展相关政策体系进行了梳理并分析了其存在的问题,提出了推动"走出去"可持续发展的政策建议。     

中国对外投资中的环境管理研究

自"走出去"战略实施以来,我国对外投资步伐明显加快,规模日益扩大,取得了显著成绩。随着全球环境问题频发,经济、贸易与环境的关系日益成为人们关注的焦点。我国"走出去"企业的数量大大增加,国际舆论开始关注中国企业在海外的环境行为。一些媒体对中国企业社会责任方面进行批评,个别媒体还存在恶意歪曲中国形象的嫌疑。通过对中国对外投资环境问题进行研究和反思,我们确实发现中国企业在海外可能存在着很大的环境风险。这些问题如不能很好地解决,将影响我国的国际形象,也影响我国"走出去"战略的实施。中国对外投资企业的环境行为需要相关政策进行引导,也需要配套的环境咨询和服务业的支持。我国针对对外投资的环境保护政策还存在缺陷,现行的与环境相关的政策在操作和执行层面仍有待加强,应尽快出台相应的指南来引导和规范企业在对外投资中的环境行为,防范环境风险。     

我国环保产业“走出去”浅析

本文在对环保产业内涵和特点进行剖析的基础上,阐述了我国环保产业"走出去"意义和基础条件,分析了我国环保产业"走出去"过程中存在的问题和障碍,提出以下推动我国环保产业"走出去"的政策建议:第一,发挥政府的引导和规范作用,充分利用市场机制,调动环保企业"走出去"的积极性;第二,强化科技创新的支撑作用和企业自身能力建设,提升我国环保企业的核心竞争力;第三,健全环保产业"走出去"服务体系,构建公共服务平台;第四,积极参与国际标准制定,推动中国标准"走出去"。     

职业教育“走出去”办学,跟进和服务企业“走出去”战略

我国"走出去"战略发展态势良好,对外直接投资逐年上升。职业教育必须"走出去"办学,跟进和服务企业"走出去"战略。职业教育只有正确定位,依托对外投资企业,与当地已有的职业教育机构开展合作办学,练好内功,才能培养出符合中国企业海外生产经营需求的本土化人才。     

中国企业投资吉尔吉斯斯坦的环境法律风险及其应对

吉尔吉斯斯坦是最早支持和积极参与共建“一带一路”的国家之一，也是中国企业“走出去”参与“丝绸之路经济带”建设的第一站。目前，随着“一带一路”建设持续推进，中国与吉尔吉斯斯坦国际投资合作日益紧密。但是，日益紧迫的全球气候变化问题以及吉尔吉斯斯坦脆弱的生态环境基础，使得主要投资于矿产开发与能源化工领域的中国企业在该国面临较大的环境法律风险。为保证双边投资合作行稳致远，中国企业应从建立健全企业环境管理制度、切实遵守东道国环境法律制度、积极与当地民众和环保组织沟通交流、充分利用外资法律保护机制维权等方面来防范和应对相关环境法律风险。     

中广核拓展欧洲市场

近日，中国广东核电集团（下称“中广核”）与罗马尼亚相关核电公司就一项核电项目探讨合作。这也是近期中国核电“走出去”提速的另一个新迹象，此前的10月中旬，中广核便已签约参与法国电力公司在英国欣克利角建设核电站项目。     

中国环境保护“走出去”的愿景和行动——以四川省为例

本文分析了四川省环保产业发展的总体情况、基础条件和趋势规划,梳理总结了四川省借助技术产业优势推动环保企业"走出去"的实践经验和发展模式,为类似条件的地区发展环保产业和促进环境保护"走出去"提供了借鉴,并提出了促进以企业为主体的环境保护"走出去"的对策建议。     

核电：中国制造新名片

全世界在建的核电机组中，每三台就有一台在中国。
　　4月17日，国家核安全局在北京召开媒体座谈会，核电安全监管司副司长汤博表示，近20年内，只有中国保持了较大规模的核电建设，目前已经积累了非常丰富的经验。高端制造正在成为中国“走出去”的新名片，国务院总理李克强在出访时，主推的两大“走出去”项目分别就是高铁与核电。     

运用市场机制落实环境保护"十五"计划

《国民经济和社会发展“十五”计划纲要》对环境保护给予了很高的重视，是一个“绿色”的计划；与此同时，“十五”计划又是一个市场经济下的发展计划，突出了体制创新的重要作用。落实环境保护“十五”规划，必须创新规划实施机制，政府和市场同向进取。为此，有必要在宏观上扩大市场的作用，以市场手段引导企业走清洁生产的道路，并制定相关政策促进城市环境基础设施投资多元化。     

地方传真

北京：奖励“三高”退出企业 北京市经济和信息化委员会日前在其网站上对拟进行奖励的42家企业进行了公示,总奖励金额达到2465万元。北京市去年实现退出的“三高”企业即将拿到奖金。为推进劣势企业退出,北京市率先提出“以奖代补”政策和委办联动的管理方式,同时辅以相关替代产业促进政策,     

浅谈沈阳市啤酒行业清洁生产的技术途径

深入实际、调查研究，结合啤酒生产的工艺，提出一系列啤酒清洁生产的技术方案．     

A systemic approach to managing multiple perspectives and stakeholding in water catchments: some findings from three UK case studies

As the EU-wide Water Framework Directive enters into public policy, the UK faces significant challenges in managing its water resources, including exceptional flood and drought events in recent years. New legislation is resurfacing existing conflicts and generating new debates among multiple stakeholders about managing water catchments. Existing policies and practices are under strain as a result. This paper reports how the SLIM project in the UK researched the role of a systemic approach to managing multiple perspectives and stakeholding in water catchments and the new challenges this presents to existing forms of knowledge and practice. The authors apply the conceptual tradition of systems thinking and practice, and the methodological approach of systemic co-researching inquiry to empirical studies in the Tweed, the Ythan, and the Eye Brook catchments, in the context of a review of policy and practice in the UK. The extent to which systems approaches to multiple stakeholding can lead to social learning for concerted action is considered. An assessment of the implications of the research findings for policies and practices in managing water catchments concludes the article.     

环境评价有效性国际研究述评

提出环境评价有效性是环境评价理论和实践的永恒主题。环境评价有效性国际研究（ＩＳＥＥＡ），是１９９３年启动的一个由多个国家和国际组织联合进行的研究项目，其主题为“评价实践，改进表现”。通过分享管理人员和评价人员的经验，研究者试图对环评近２５年的发展状况进行评估，明确其作用和局限，并对如何加强环评管理和实施，迎接可持续发展的挑战提出建议。该文依据文献＾［１，２］，对ＩＳＥＥＡ的过程和主要成果进行了一些     

Bringing flood resilience into practice: the FREEMAN project

The recent shift in flood risk management concedes that floods cannot be prevented but the impacts on and vulnerability of the risk prone communities can be reduced. Beyond mere structural defence, an integrated risk management approach deploys a diversified set of measures that moderate the economic and social drivers of risk and improve risk governance. In this context, the concept of resilience gains on importance despite the many challenges that obstruct its implementation in management practice. This paper contributes to tackling these challenges and elaborates on opportunities and bottlenecks to bring resilience into practice based on a review of the flood risk management in three case studies in Europe: Flanders (Belgium), Niedersachsen (Germany) and Calabria (Italy). The paper summarizes insights gained on three components of resilience being – institutional interplay, flood management tools and risk communication. The work that has lead to this paper is done under the FREEMAN project (flood resilience enhancement and management), funded under the 2nd CRUE ERA-Net Funding Initiative.     

一种耐酚菌种及其固定化细胞降解含酚废水性能的比较研究

通过对土壤及污水的采样、分离、纯化,得到了一种降解苯酚的菌种,经过一系列驯化实验,使其苯酚耐受能力达915 mg/L。在此基础上,利用正交实验,确定了该菌种固定化细胞制备的最优操作条件。之后,对游离细胞和固定化细胞的降解苯酚过程进行了动力学分析与比较。结果表明,2种类型细胞的降解苯酚过程均符合Monod模型,并且固定化细胞的降解效果明显高于游离细胞。      

Prenatal DNA Sequencing: Clinical,Counseling, and Diagnostic Laboratory Considerations

Clinical diagnostic laboratories are producing next-generation sequencing-based test results that are becoming increasingly incorporated into patient care. Whole genome and exome sequencing on fetal material derived from amniocytes, chorionic villi, or products of conception is starting to be offered clinically in specialized centers, but it has not yet become routine practice. The technical, interpretation, and ethical challenges are greatest in the area of prenatal medicine because the fetus has a limited health history, and the physical examination is only indirectly available via prenatal sonography. Here, we provide an overview of these challenges and highlight the clinical utility, reporting, and counseling issues associated with prenatal DNA sequencing. Future considerations are also discussed. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Operationalizing urban resilience through a framework for adaptive co-management and design: Five experiments in urban planning practice and policy

The emergent discourse on social-ecological resilience can be understood as a response to the rapid pace of change and severe challenges facing urban areas. This paper reports on one strand of research being carried out as part of the EU FP7 TURAS project (Transitioning to Urban Resilience and Sustainability) that aims to gain insight into the implications of social-ecological resilience thinking on urban planning practice and policy by presenting a unique, trans-disciplinary perspective that has been developed collaboratively between academic, local government and SME partners. A framework for adaptive co-management and design is introduced as a basis for the operationalisation of urban resilience, highlighting the need to actively solve problems collaboratively by exercising imagination and creativity, and presenting a new and potentially fertile source for innovation. Five experiments exploring urban planning practices relating to the framework are put forward as examples of urban resilience in practice: an online crowd-sourcing application for mapping underused spaces; an interactive timeline tool for identifying drivers of change over time; a guidance and signposting tool to help community projects overcome resource barriers; an epistemic network of citizens that exchanges knowledge and resources relating to underused spaces; and an online portal that provides visibility for community groups or projects, and facilitates horizontal networking. The paper describes each experiment, sets out the aims and theoretical contexts, records any initial findings, and reflects on the potential and limitations. Initial findings are discussed relating to the challenges of crowd-sourcing spatial or historical data, and the resource commitment required for the emerging practices. It is observed that the experiments attempt to address fundamental issues in urban planning practice and policy, and involve established and familiar activities. The paper concludes that the research provides insight into what urban resilience might mean in practice and that each experiment has the potential to make a tangible contribution to the transition to urban resilience and sustainability.     

Constructing risks – Internalisation of flood risks in the flood risk management plan

Traditional flood protection methods have focused efforts on different measures to keep water out of floodplains. However, the European Flood Directive challenges this paradigm (Hartmann and Driessen, 2013). Accordingly, flood risk management plans should incorporate measures brought about by collaboration with local governments to develop and implement these measures (Johann and Leismann, 2014). One of the challenges of these plans is getting and keeping stakeholders involved in the processes related to flood risk management. This research shows that that this challenge revolves around how flood risks are socially constructed.Therefore it is essential to understand and explain the risk perception of stakeholders. System Theory by Luhmann provides the analytical distinction between ‘internal risk’ and ‘external danger’ as key concepts to understand whether or not stakeholders will take action (Luhmann, 1993). While perceptions of ‘external danger’ will not lead to action, perceptions of ‘internal risk’ urge stakeholders to take action.The cases of the rivers Lippe and Emscher in the dense populated region between Duisburg and Dortmund in Germany illustrate how these theoretical concepts materialise in practice. This contribution shows how flood risks are socially constructed and how this construction is influenced by the European flood risk management plan. While clearing up some of the difficulties from the Flood Directive, the research shows a gap between the Flood Directive and the current theory and planning practice, which needs to be addressed in further research.     

当前城市空气污染预报方法存在的问题及新思路

论述了当前国内外城市空气污染预报的主要方法以及存在的问题,探讨了一个基于贝叶斯网络的城市空气污染预报的新思路,并对其技术路线和关键问题等进行了初步探讨。新方法可以在一定程度上克服了现有方法理论上的缺陷和应用上的困难,而且具有更大的灵活性、现实性和可操作性,对于我国中小城市开展空气污染预报具有较好的应用前景。     

A framework for assessing and implementing the co-benefits of nature-based solutions in urban areas

To address challenges associated with climate resilience, health and well-being in urban areas, current policy platforms are shifting their focus from ecosystem-based to nature-based solutions (NBS), broadly defined as solutions to societal challenges that are inspired and supported by nature. NBS result in the provision of co-benefits, such as the improvement of place attractiveness, of health and quality of life, and creation of green jobs. Few frameworks exist for acknowledging and assessing the value of such co-benefits of NBS and to guide cross-sectoral project and policy design and implementation. In this paper, we firstly developed a holistic framework for assessing co-benefits (and costs) of NBS across elements of socio-cultural and socio-economic systems, biodiversity, ecosystems and climate. The framework was guided by a review of over 1700 documents from science and practice within and across 10 societal challenges relevant to cities globally. We found that NBS can have environmental, social and economic co-benefits and/or costs both within and across these 10 societal challenges. On that base, we develop and propose a seven-stage process for situating co-benefit assessment within policy and project implementation. The seven stages include: 1) identify problem or opportunity; 2) select and assess NBS and related actions; 3) design NBS implementation processes; 4) implement NBS; 5) frequently engage stakeholders and communicate co-benefits; 6) transfer and upscale NBS; and 7) monitor and evaluate co-benefits across all stages. We conclude that the developed framework together with the seven-stage co-benefit assessment process represent a valuable tool for guiding thinking and identifying the multiple values of NBS implementation.