沙枣对滨海盐渍土的改良作用探究

实验以野生沙枣为研究对象，在根系附近采集实验组土样，在周围裸露土地上采集对照组土样。通过实验组与对照组的各项指标对照表明，在盐渍土上种植沙枣，不但可增加土壤中的含水量，而且可增加土壤中的空气体积和有机质含量，提高土壤中的K含量，降低土壤中pH值。沙枣对滨海盐渍土有着很好的改良效果和一定的经济效益。     

柽柳对滨海盐渍土的改良作用及其应用

以山东省威海市高区环海路上的柽柳为研究对象,在其根系附近采集实验组土样并在其周围的空白地面上采集对照组土样,测定几组能够说明其土质的数据,如土壤中生物的分类与计数、有机质的含量、土壤的pH值、土壤中空气的体积以及土壤颗粒的贮水能力.通过将实验组与对照组的比较,分析得出在滨海盐渍土上栽植柽柳不但可增加土壤中微生物的含量,而且可增加土壤中的空气和有机质的含量,提高土壤颗粒的贮水能力,还可降低土壤的pH值,增加观赏性.因此,根据所测的各项指标得出柽柳对滨海盐渍土具有改良作用的结论,为推动与利用柽柳在滨海盐渍土上的种植提供理论依据.     

河北省海岸带土壤盐渍化研究

在当今土地资源日益短缺的年代，作为一种土地资源，盐渍化土地越来越重要，越来越受到社会的普遍关注。本文通过分层采集土样，对整个河北省海岸带的土壤盐渍化进行了研究，在借鉴国内外先进经验的基础上，提出了土壤盐渍化防治和综合利用应视各国、各地具体情况而定，并指出盐渍土未来的研究趋势应以利用新技术、探寻新的改良方法及与农业生态和环境保护研究密切线合这三个方面为主。     

盐碱地也能变良田

正巴基斯坦的Bilqueen Gul博士曾经寄给我一张她的照片,非常美。照片中她坐在洁白的土地上。但这是白色的土地,不是白色的沙滩,也不是白色的雪原,是盐碱地!是没有绿色的盐碱地。这实在令人惊讶,因为盐碱地带给我们中国人的印象,不是美丽,而是愁苦!即便把中国农业近代史简述为盐碱地改良史也丝毫不为过。什么是盐碱地呢?就是土壤中含有过多盐分的土地。类似于腌咸菜,如果把蔬菜放到盐水中,久而久之,蔬菜就变咸了。同理,土壤被盐腌渍过之后,就成了盐碱地。当植物生长在这样的土壤中,你想它能长好吗?轻者抑制生长,重者则导致死亡。我国盐碱地面积约15亿亩,盐渍土5亿亩。目前可以改良利用的在1亿亩左右。过去在盐碱地区有一句谚语,叫"春天白茫茫,夏天雨汪汪,十年九不收,糠     

青海省海东地区城镇供水现状及前景综述

文章通过对海东6县各城镇集中式供水的现状进行调查，对近远期供水进行合理规划，对城镇供水工程进行供水前景分析，从而保障城镇供水的水量充足，水质优良，水源生态系统良性循环，促进社会经济可持续发展。     

化学农药对环境的危害及其防止对策的探讨

农药主要表现在对土壤、水体和大气的污染，对鸟类、昆虫及农产品品质的影响。针对农药对现实生态环境的破坏，我国应从完善法规管理，加强执法力度，淘汰高毒农药，发展绿色化学农药，加强技术培训，科学施用农药，提高测报水平，合理选用农药，综合防治，修复和预防并用等方面采取措施，解决农药污染问题。     

《全国环保系统违纪违法案例选编》

随着中央对环保工作的重视，广大人民群众对环境的关心，国际社会对气候环境的关注，环保系统的工作会更加艰巨。环保行政权力将进一步强化，资金设备投入会逐步加大等，这对于环保事业的发展无疑是难得的历史机遇。同时，环保系统随之产生腐败的风险也会增加，反腐败的压力也会进一步加大。如何应对挑战，经受住考验，做到依法行政、科学决策，管好、用好手中的权力和资源，就显得十分重要。     

城市建设施工噪声的监控管理及综合防治措施--以奎屯市为例

自改革开放以来，我国的城市化建设发展迅速，中小城市向基础设施构建完善、功能齐全的现代化城市建设方向迈进，这是对中小城市发展的一次良好机遇，对城市的市政建设以及改善人居环境都有极大的提升作用。然而，在对城市进行改、扩建时，不可避免的影响到周围的生态环境，尤其是市政建设中的建筑噪声，是城     

沙质滩涂中可溶性油的释放动力学研究

沙质滩涂对石油类污染物的吸附是一种物理吸附过程，在一定的条件下，吸附于沙质滩涂中的石油类污染物又可能释放出来，对滨海环境造成新的污染。在对滨海沙滩（胶州湾）沙质滩涂-水系统石油污染调查的基础上，选择代表性的沙滩进行取样，系统测定不同沙质滩涂对可溶性油的释放动力学过程，并分析了盐度、pH、温度和含沙量对释放作用的影响。结果表明，沙质滩涂对可溶性油的释放动力学曲线符合对数型，即随着时间的延续释放速度逐渐降低，沙质滩涂对可溶性油的释放平衡时间约为10h，沙质滩涂对可溶性油的释放量随盐度和pH的增大而减少，随温度、含沙量和振荡频率的增加而增加。     

改良型DAT-IAT工艺处理城市污水的实验研究

通过对DAT—IAT工艺所存在问题的分析，提出了改进DAT—IAT工艺的设想，实验证明，在典型工况下，改进后的工艺对COD的去除率可以达到93．8％，对氨氮的去除率为89．4％，对总氮的去除率为81．7％，对磷的去除率为85．7％。     

石油降解菌的分离筛选及混合菌群的构建与优化

以河南濮阳油田超重质原油为研究对象,从污染井场土壤中分离并筛选出几株高效降解细菌、酵母菌和霉菌。由于不同类型微生物对碳源的利用目标和方式有所不同,而将3类不同类型菌种进行排列组合进行降解实验,最终优选出一组石油降解优势菌群。该文还利用正交优化法对降解菌的最佳添加量进行计算,结果显示,最佳接种量为X25：1．5％,Z3：1％,X18：1％,Z28：2％。利用该优化结果进行降解实验,石油的降解率在一定程度上提高了。在对濮阳、南阳和延长油田不同原油进行为期8d的降解实验中,显示了较高的降解效率,降解率分别为56．93％、65．66％、82．69％。实验证明,该降解菌群能不仅能有效够降解超重油,而且对重质原油和轻质原油表现出更好的降解能力。因此,该研究为石油污染物的降解提供了有效的菌种资源。     

改革开放40年来生态环境监管执法的回顾与展望

改革开放40年来,我国生态环境监管执法体系经历了从无到有,从以排污收费为核心内容,到以改善生态环境质量为根本目的,再到更加注重保护执法相对人合法权利的变迁和跨越。总体而言,环境监管执法队伍在全国各级政府不断建立,环境监管相关之事权与权责更加明晰,环境监管执法能力不断强化,环境行政管理体制不断理顺,环境法律制度体系更加优化,环境治理之主体和手段更加多元。     

Environmentalists and the computer

Summary The growth in the application of computers is one of the major developments of the last half of the 20th Century. There have already been substantial changes in society because of the computer, but even greater changes lie ahead. This paper defines some of the characteristics and applications of computers, as well as some of their limitations. It closes with comments on the implications of the development of ‘a new class of illiterates’—those who are unfamiliar with or even afraid of the computer as an aid in measurement, analysis, record keeping, communication and education. Robert C. Baron has over 25 years experience in the computer industry, as an engineer and as an executive. He was program manager for the Mariner II (Venus) and the Mariner IV (Mars) on board space computers. He was worldwide systems manager for Honeywell's minicomputer business. In 1972, he founded Prime Computer and was its first president. He is currently working as a writer, lecturer and consultant on the development and application of computer and communication technology. Mr. Baron is the author or contributor to six books and has written over 40 papers and speeches.     

Culture and the environment in the United States

The beliefs of Americans about the proper relationship between humans and their environment were profoundly affected by waves of immigration from Europe. Immigrants valued ownership of land, individuality, freedom, domination of nature, and technological development. These themes remain strong today as centerpieces of the American dominant social paradigm (DSP).That DSP has been reexamined and found wanting by an increasing proportion of Americans. This departure from the old DSP has progressed further among the public than among the elite who have a greater stake in preserving the status quo. Environmentalists constitute a vanguard trying to lead the people to a new, more environmentally oriented social paradigm. The beliefs of the old DSP and the new environmental paradigm (NEP) are contrasted in Table 2. Briefly, the NEP advocates stress love of nature rather than domination of it; compassion for other peoples, future generations, and other species; planning to avoid risk; limits to growth; fundamental social change; and a new structuring of politics.These two worldviews are likely to be in vigorous conflict for several decades in the USA. Social learning, spurred by deterioration of the old ways, is likely to lead Americans to a new perspective on their relationship to nature.With the advice and assistance of Barbara V. Fisher.     

Culture and the environment in the Soviet Union

The Soviet Union is one of the most physically and culturally diverse nations on earth. Its natural environment embraces a rich variety of resources and ecosystems, many of which, such as Lake Baikal, are of world significance. Culturally, it is comprised of over a hundred ethnic groups, belonging to eight major language groups and six major religions. However, two cultures are dominant: the Slavic group (which takes in 75% of the USSR population and 80% of its land area) and the Turkic-Islamic peoples who account for the large majority of the remainder. Owing to the highly centralized nature of the country's political-administrative system, however, the effect of culture or ethnic traditions in the resolution of national environmental issues is quite small. Major decisions regarding either specific conservation issues or basic environmental policies are made at the centralized level by ministerial, planning, and Communist Party officials, and are based on pragmatically refined ideological considerations, rather than on regional cultural attitudes. This pragmatic refining of ideological considerations will involve the weighing of specific economic and environmental imperatives, and deciding on appropriate trade-offs. To find cultural expression in environmental management, one would need to look closely at local projects and approaches in the various ethnic regions, particularly the non-Slavic ones.     

Mineral exploration in the USSR and the USA

This article compares non-fuel mineral exploration in the USSR and the USA. It examines the organization of exploration; recent trends in the level and distribution of expenditures; exploration productivity; and planning and decision making. It shows that although the sequence of exploration stages and activities is very similar in both countries, substantial differences overshadow these similarities, largely because of different economic and political systems and mineral endowments. However, the article concludes that we still have much to learn before making a full comparison of Soviet and US exploration.