醋酸废水的处理

醋酸废水的处理１前言在乙烯直接氧化生产乙醛和乙醛氧化生产酷酸的过程中，排放的酸性废水共有３股，其组成及流量见下表。目前，处理这３股废水的方法是，将其一并排入中和池，加裂解装置外排的废碱液（或者加纯碱）进行中和后排放。这种处理方法存在两个问题：（１）废...     

间苯氧基甲苯生产废水和废渣的综合利用

对间苯氨基甲苯生产废水和废渣的处理及回收工艺作了介绍。废渣中各组分经分离后全部回收利用；废水经二级萃取脱酚处理后用于普钙生产，回收了有用物质，可取得明显的经济效益和环境效益。     

一种生物处理酸性矿山废水的工艺

该发明涉及一种含硫酸盐酸性废水生物处理并回收单质硫的工艺，其特征在于是一种利用污水厂污泥酸性发酵产物为硫酸盐还原菌的碳源处理酸性硫酸盐废水并回收单质硫的工艺：厌氧生物反应器中硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）将SO4^2-生物还原为H2S或S2-；好氧生物膜反应器中无色硫细菌（CSB）将H2S或S2-生物氧化为单质硫；慢砂滤池过滤、刮砂，采用萃取设备充分溶锯砂滤料中的单质硫，     

膜过滤技术在酸性废水处理中的应用

山东临沂化工总厂年产２０万ｔ硫基氮、磷、钾复合肥工程包括２０万ｔ／ａ复合肥、２０万ｔ／ａ硫酸、３万ｔ／ａ磷酸、４万ｔ／ａ合成氨、２万ｔ／ａ聚合氯化铝５个主要项目。其生产过程中排放的废水可分为３类：硫酸、磷酸、复合肥、聚合氯化铝装置排放的酸性废水,合成氨装置排放的造气废水,生活污水。合成氨装置排放的造气废水采用传统的闭路循环工艺,废水经沉淀、冷却后回用,少量的外排废水同生活污水一并进行生化处理。酸性含砷、含氟废水则采用石灰中和、膜过滤技术进行处理。现将酸性废水处理方法介绍如下。１　酸性废水水量、水…     

油脂加氢催化剂生产废水中镍的回收试验

油脂加氢催化剂生产废水中镍的回收试验以硫酸镍为原料生产油脂加氢催化剂过程中，排出一定数量的含镍废水，其中镍主要以络合离子［Ｎｉ（ＮＨ＿３），ｎ≤６］形式存在，含量约６—１０ｇ／Ｌ。采用传统的碱沉淀法和树脂吸附法处理该废水，均不能达到满意的效果，且工艺...     

电石渣－铁屑法去除硫酸废水中的氟和砷

对各种处理含氟、砷废水的方法进行了探讨，选择了以电石渣和废铁屑为药剂去除硫酸废水中氟和砷的方法，取得了较好的效果。该法以废治废、工艺简便、运行费用低，处理后的废水可达排放标准。     

电石渣—铁屑法去除硫酸废水中的氟和砷

对各种处理含氟、砷废水的方法进行了探讨，选择了以电石渣和废铁屑为药剂去除硫酸废水中氟和砷的方法，取得了较好的效果。该法以废治废、工艺简便、运行费用低、处理后的废水可达排放标准。     

樟脑和龙脑等萜类化合物废水处理工艺

采用隔油－混凝－气浮－厌氧－好氧组合工艺处理某化工厂樟脑、龙脑等萜类化合物废水，对处理装置运行的主要影响因素进行了分析研究并对运行难点提出了解决途径。运行结果表明，该工艺对含高浓度硫酸根的萜类化合物生产废水的处理效果很好，出水COD在86mg/L以内，低于广州污水排放标准。     

马头电厂废水处理系统介绍

介绍了河北马头电厂废水处理工艺系统流程、设计及系统调试运行指标。处理后的电厂废水作为循环冷却水的补水,减少了新鲜水用量和污水排放量，对北方地区厂区废水回收利用具有借鉴意义，在火电厂废水资源利用方面有很好的应用前景。     

单液型酸性铜蚀刻液的循环再生与铜回收新工艺开发

PCB生产过程中的蚀刻液在使用后会产生大量的铜废水,若直接排放不仅会造成严重的资源浪费,还会带来严重的环境污染。因此,对蚀刻液进行循环再生及铜回收是一项节约成本、降低污染的措施。传统的蚀刻液循环再生及铜回收工艺一般采用双液型酸性蚀刻液,且工艺回收利用效果不足,资源浪费严重。本工艺设计采用单液型酸性蚀刻液作为生产线蚀刻液,利用隔膜电解技术对废蚀刻液进行循环再生及铜回收,通过对生产线中ORP值(氧化还原电位)和铜含量比重进行监控,对不同ORP值废蚀刻液进行电解处理和调配,可直接循环再生回到生产线形成再生液。该项工艺设计中设定蚀刻液的工作ORP值为480～600 mv,铜含量比重为1.25～1.35。通过实验检测提铜处理前的蚀刻液铜含量为55 050 mg/kg,提铜处理后的蚀刻液铜含量为7 551 mg/kg,铜回收率达到86.28%。该工艺不仅有效提高了工作效率和废液循环再生利用,降低环境污染,而且具有重要的理论与应用价值。     

萃取法回收钛白水解废酸中的硫酸

提出了以三异辛胺作萃取剂、H2O作反萃取剂从钛白水解废酸中萃取回收硫酸的新工艺。考察了萃取剂浓度、相调节剂浓度、相比及温度对萃取和反萃取的影响，并进行了模拟试验。在以40％三异辛胺、25％仲辛醇和35％航空煤油(均为质量分数)为萃取有机相，相比为2，以H2O为反萃剂，相比为1．5的条件下，质量浓度为146．02g/L的废酸经8级萃取和6级反萃取，硫酸回收率达到91．81％，产品酸质量浓度达119．73g/L。     

硫酸法制二氧化钛生产中废酸浓缩技术的述评

介绍和评价了国内外硫酸法制二氧化钛生产中废酸的浓缩技术，从工艺、设备及材质3方面分析了国内在二氧化钛废酸处理中存在的问题，指出最有效的解决措施是：以防为主，改善工艺条件；使硫完全参与反应，减少硫的损失和对环境的破坏；完善配套设施，提高设备质量；综合考虑废酸、新酸和钛铁矿的物料配比；选择耐腐蚀性较好的复合材料作为设备材质；最终使废酸少产生或无产生。     

Analysis of energy recovery potential using innovative technologies of waste gasification

In this paper, two alternative thermo-chemical processes for waste treatment were analysed: high temperature gasification and gasification associated to plasma process. The two processes were analysed from the thermodynamic point of view, trying to reconstruct two simplified models, using appropriate simulation tools and some support data from existing/planned plants, able to predict the energy recovery performances by process application. In order to carry out a comparative analysis, the same waste stream input was considered as input to the two models and the generated results were compared. The performances were compared with those that can be obtained from conventional combustion with energy recovery process by means of steam turbine cycle. Results are reported in terms of energy recovery performance indicators as overall energy efficiency, specific energy production per unit of mass of entering waste, primary energy source savings, specific carbon dioxide production.     

催化臭氧氧化—生物活性炭吸附组合工艺处理反渗透浓水

采用催化臭氧氧化—生物活性炭吸附组合工艺处理反渗透(RO)浓水,比较了4种催化剂催化臭氧氧化的性能,优化了初始RO浓水pH、臭氧氧化时间、生物活性炭柱空床停留时间(EBRT)等工艺条件。实验结果表明:以WP-01为催化剂催化臭氧氧化RO浓水时无需调节废水pH;臭氧氧化反应5 min时RO浓水的BOD5/COD达0.28,可生化性得到显著改善;WP-01催化剂重复使用30次其催化活性没有明显下降;生物活性炭吸附单元的EBRT控制在30 min左右,可确保出水COD稳定在50 mg/L以下,符合GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准;催化臭氧单元处理每吨RO浓水的电费约为1.22元。     

喷淋工艺处理PVC塑料生产废气

采用喷淋工艺处理PVC塑料生产废气,将专利的吸收液与改型的喷淋塔相结合,在中试成功的基础上进行了实际工业化应用。应用结果表明:采用该工艺处理某PVC塑料生产企业的生产废气,吸收液在喷淋塔循环液中所占体积分数为15%时,废气中各污染物指标的去除率达85%以上,对于难处理的苯系物也能较好地去除;处理后废气中各污染物指标的含量满足GB 14554—1993《恶臭污染物排放标准》和DB 44/27—2001《大气污染物排放限值》的要求;该工艺装置运行费用较低,仅为电费和少量药剂费用,吸收液可循环使用,设备保养及维护简单,可满足市场需求。     

催化氧化技术在橡胶废气处理中的应用

采用催化氧化技术处理热塑性丁苯橡胶( SBS)生产装置D线后处理单元废气,废气的非甲烷总烃去除率和环己烷去除率均达到98％以上,非甲烷总烃质量浓度达到DB11/447-2007《炼油与石油化学工业大气污染物排放标准》的要求(小于100 mg/m3).对SBS生产装置凝聚单元进行两釜流程改三釜流程后,催化氧化反应器入口非甲烷总烃质量浓度由( 3.84～5.82)×103 mg/m3降至( 2.48～2.63)×103 mg/m3,反应器出口非甲烷总烃质量浓度均小于50 mg/m3.凝聚单元改造并采用催化氧化技术处理废气后,每年节约费用约80万元.     

胶片厂印刷胶片废水治理工艺改进

生物接触氧化法处理印刷胶片生产废水 ,实际处理效率只有设计效率的一半。通过可生化性检测和 2种生化处理工艺对比试验 ,确定改用水解酸化 -接触氧化工艺处理该类废水 ,可实现达标排放     

癸二酸生产中甲酚废水治理方法的进展

对用蓖麻的生产癸二酸过程中产生的甲酚废水的各种处理方法进行了评述。在这些处理方法中，ＱＨ－１型络合萃取剂萃取法的处理效果最佳，废水经处理后酚浓度可达到国家排放标准。该法的投资较少，且回收的甲酚钠可回用于生产。经济上较合理，是一种比较理想的处理方法。     

Recovery of high purity zinc from filter ash produced during the thermal treatment of waste and inerting of residual materials.

The method described below recovers zinc, a valuable metal that is present in high concentrations in filter ash from the thermal treatment of waste, and returns the filter ash stripped of heavy metals to the combustion process in order to destroy organic substances. On an industrial scale, the heavy metals in the filter ash were mobilized by means of hydrochloric acid in the acidic fluids produced in the flue-gas scrubbing process without the addition of further chemicals. A pilot plant for implementing the selective reactive extraction (SRE) method on the ash extracts, using a highly selective complexant, was operated over a period of several months in order to obtain a concentrated, high-purity zinc salt solution (mono metal solution). A zinc depletion rate of 99.8% in the aqueous extract was achieved using mixer-settler units. The residual zinc concentration in the waste water was then < 2 mg L(-1). By stripping the loaded organic phase, a concentrated, high-purity mono metal solution with 190 g L(-1) zinc was obtained. Zinc metal with a purity > 99.99% is then separated by means of electrolysis. To destroy organic substances present in the filter ash, particularly dioxins and furans, the extracted filter ash cake was returned to the combustion process together with household waste. Plant operation, raw and pure gas parameters, and quality of the bottom ash produced were not impacted by such recirculation. The profitability of the overall process is attributable both to the recovery of valuable zinc metal and to the cost savings made in waste water treatment and in the disposal of the waste combustion residues because the remaining mixture of filter ash and bottom ash can be reused in a combined form. This method therefore supports the sustainable and economically viable reuse of filter ash.     

Prioritising objectives for waste reprocessing: a case study in secondary lead refining

Secondary lead refining produces a sulphidic slag that also contains varying quantities of lead. Initially, the objectives of this project were to treat the slag in order to recover the valuable lead as well as to render the slag environmentally benign. However, in keeping with the principles of clean technology and, specifically, the approach of clean production, the project was redefined with the following priorities: waste characterisation; waste minimisation through process improvement; waste modification; identification of slag treatment methods. Characterisation of the waste facilitated an overall process understanding and aided in identifying process deficiencies. Process improvement was aimed at reducing both the quantity of slag produced as well as the lead loss to the slag. Waste characterisation combined with local hazardous waste regulations enabled desirable waste modifications to be identified. These waste adaptations were implemented through process modification. Lastly, treatment methods for the slag were identified.