炼钢废气除尘污水处理的研究

系统地研究了影响石灰中和法处理转炉除尘废水含铜沉降速度的因素.结果表明,在搅拌时间10 min和中等搅拌强度的条件下,pH值控制在8.2～9.0范围内能使废水中铜含量在1 h的沉降时间内降至国家排放标准2 mg/L以下.实验还研究了在石灰中和过程中加入适量絮凝剂的影响因素.结果表明,在搅拌时间3 min和相同pH值范围的条件下,加入絮凝剂能使废水中铜含量在30 min的沉降时间内降至国家排放标准2 mg/L以下.     

有机高分子重金属捕集絮凝剂CU3#对Cu（Ⅱ）和Pb（Ⅱ）的去除研究

探讨了自制有机高分子重金属捕集絮凝剂CU3#对铜离子、铅离子的捕集机理,研究了其处理含铜离子、铅离子废水的处理条件,并研究了其他物质和离子对铜离子和铅离子去除效果的影响.研究结果表明,在pH～14范围内,快速搅拌时间2 min,慢速搅拌3 min,CU3#对含铜离子的污水处理后其上清液中所含铜离子为1.2 mg/L,对铜离子的去除率达到99.4%,完全达到国家排放标准;在pH 7～14范围内,快速搅拌时间3 min.慢速搅拌3 min,CU3#对含铅离子的污水处理后其上清液中残余铅离子0.8 mg/L,去除率99.6%,达国家一级排放标准.     

壳聚糖混凝处理丁腈橡胶废水的实验研究

利用壳聚糖作混凝剂处理丁腈橡胶废水。对投加量、pH、搅拌速率和沉降时间四因素进行L₉(3⁴)正交实验,确定壳聚糖混凝处理丁腈橡胶废水的最佳实验条件。结果表明,壳聚糖投加量为100 mg/L, pH为6,搅拌速率为200 r/min,沉降时间为5 min,COD去除率达96.7%,出水COD降为276 mg/L,达到国家三级排放标准。     

采用泥回流处理彩色显像管含氟废水

本文通过中和、混凝沉降法除氟过程,研究了彩色显像管工业废水除氟的适宜工艺条件。现场试验表明:应用泥回流处理技术,采用高效絮凝剂处理含氟废水,排放废水氟含量可稳定在4-6mg/L之间,低于排放标准（10mg/L）,同时废水处理的成本大大降低。     

沉降法处理紫胶洗色废水的工艺研究

采用单因素优化试验和响应曲面优化试验对紫胶洗色废水的沉降法处理工艺进行了优化,筛选出最佳沉降剂和最佳处理工艺条件。结果表明,CaO为最佳沉降剂。最佳处理工艺条件为:CaO投加量5.7g/L、pH=7、搅拌速率270r/min、反应温度50℃、反应时间30min。经最佳处理工艺处理后,悬浮物由211.8mg/L降至7.3mg/L,COD由4 019mg/L降至853mg/L,BOD5由3 800mg/L降至670mg/L,总有机碳(TOC)由4 392mg/L降至680mg/L,紫胶红色素由16.95mg/L降至0.25mg/L,说明绝大部分有机物发生了沉降,特别是紫胶洗色废水中相对含量较高的肉豆蔻油酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈油酸、棕榈酸、油酸、香叶基异戊酸6种有机酸得到了很大程度的去除。     

采用泥回流处理彩色显像管含氟废水

本文通过中和、混凝沉降法除氟过程，研究了彩色显像管工业废水除氟的适宜工艺条件，现场试验表明：应用泥回流处理技术，采用高效絮凝剂处理含氟废水，排放废水氟含量可稳定在4-6mg/L之间，低于排放标准（10mg/L），同时废水处理的成本大大降低。     

沉淀-絮凝结合法处理磷化废水的研究

采用沉淀-絮凝结合法处理高浓度的磷化废水,以生石灰、氟化钠为沉淀剂,聚炳烯酰胺为絮凝剂对高浓度磷化废水进行了水处理与研究,实验结果表明,对于磷化废水磷酸盐含量高达158 mg/L时,通过控制反应的pH值、沉淀剂及絮凝剂的投加量、沉淀时间等参数,使出水磷含量＜0.5 mg/L,达到国家综合污水排放一级标准, 磷的去除率达99.5%,分别较氯化铁和硫酸铝等传统絮凝剂的磷去除率提高17.4%和15.2%;同时磷化废水中的COD和SS的去除率也能达到78.6%和83.6%, 絮凝剂及其处理成本均明显低于传统絮凝剂,具有明显的经济效益和环境效益。     

黄磷废水中氟化物的物化处理研究

本文利用向含氟废水中加入适量石灰和聚合氯化铝PAC ,然后投加适量钙盐、磷酸和聚丙烯酰胺PAM的二级处理工艺除氟。通过控制合适的 pH、钙盐和磷酸的投加量、反应时间、反应温度、搅拌强度和絮凝剂的投加量 ,确定了最佳的除氟工艺 ,可以使氟的浓度降至 5mg/L ,达到国家一级排放标准GB8978 1996。     

重金属捕集剂XL9对含铜电镀废水处理效果的研究

研究了含有二硫代氨基甲酸盐的重金属捕集剂XL9对2种不同浓度的含铜电镀废水处理的影响因素和效果。研究结果表明,处理pH为2.05、含铜584.79 mg/L的废水,可无需调节pH直接投加10 mL捕集剂,搅拌反应3 min,静置后其上清液中所含铜离子为0.24 mg/L,去除率达到99.96%,完全达到国家排放标准(GB8978-1996)。在pH 3～10范围内,投加0.20 mL捕集剂,对含铜4.16 mg/L的废水的去除率可达到94.95%以上,其出水浓度小于0.5 mg/L,达到国家排放标准。     

黄磷废水中氟化物的物化处理研究

本文利用向含氟废水中加入适量石灰和聚合氯化铝PAC，然后投加适量钙盐、磷酸和聚丙烯酰胺PAM的二级处理工艺除氟。通过控制合适的pH、钙盐和磷酸的投加量、反应时间、反应温度、搅拌强度和絮凝剂的投加量，确定了最佳的除氟工艺，可以使氟的浓度降至5mg/L，达到国家一级排放标准GB8978－1996。     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

不同泥源对厌氧氨氧化反应器启动的影响

采用2套上流式生物膜反应器,分别接种少量厌氧氨氧化污泥和大量硝化污泥,考察其对厌氧氨氧化反应器启动的影响。污泥接种入反应器后,测得接种厌氧氨氧化污泥的反应器(R1)内MLSS为0.22 g/L,另一个反应器(R2)MLSS为2.7 g/L。与直接接种厌氧氨氧化污泥相比,R1经过72 d的运行才显现出厌氧氨氧化特性。经过114 d的培养,前者氮去除速率由0.23 kg/(m3.d)提升到5.29 kg/(m3.d),总氮去除率大于89%;R2的氮去除速率由0.01 kg/(m3.d)提升到1.1 kg/(m3.d),总氮去除率大于84.6%。说明普通污泥启动需要一个较长的筛选过程,直接接种少量的厌氧氨氧化污泥比接种普通的污泥能够更快启动厌氧氨氧化反应器。     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

造纸废水混凝处理中SFT助凝替代性研究

中小造纸厂废水处理常用PAC作混凝剂 ,PAM作助凝剂。由于PAM成本很高 ,影响了处理设备的投运率。用超细滑石粉 (SFT)替代PAM助凝 ,与混凝剂PAC配合 ,其混凝处理效果基本相当 ,但是处理成本降低 0 .10元 /m3 。由于SFT属环境无害材料 ,不会给排泥带来二次污染     

产油微藻培养与回收的关键技术研究进展

寻找廉价而高效的替代原料是实现生物柴油产业化的关键所在.微藻以含油量高、生长周期短、环境适应能力强、生物产量高等优点,有望成为一种极具潜力的生物柴油生产原料.然而,目前尚存在微藻培养低效成本高和微藻回收效率低两大难题.综述了微藻培养与回收过程中的关键技术,并对存在的两大难题及其改进技术进行了详细的探讨.最后,总结并展望了微藻培养、回收技术未来的发展趋势.     

活性炭三维电极法对印染废水的处理研究

对三维电极方法处理印染废水进行了实验研究,初步探讨了活性炭三维电极法处理印染废水的机理,对影响处理效果的各种要素,如反应时间、槽电压和pH值等进行了条件实验,得出了活性炭三维电极法处理印染废水的最佳运行条件为:停留时间120-180 min,槽电压25～30 V,进水pH值6.5～7.5。结果表明,该反应器能有效地降低废水色度,有较高的COD去除效率,并能提高印染废水的可生化性。     

红土吸附砷对其动电电位的影响

研究了遵义红土吸附砷对其动电电位的影响 ,从砷酸根浓度和体系pH对红土动电电位影响的角度作了探讨 ,结果表明 ,砷酸根离子浓度越大 ,Zata电位下降幅度越大 ,Zata电位也越低 ;随着体系pH的升高 ,氧化铁胶体动电电位逐渐下降 ,甚至改变了表面电位的符号。由此得出了红土吸附砷属于专性吸附的结论。     

Evaluation of the presence of drugs of abuse in tap waters

A total of seventy samples of drinking water were tested for non-controlled and illicit drugs. Of these, 43 were from Spanish cities, 15 from seven other European countries, three from Japan and nine from seven different Latin American countries. The most frequently detected compounds were caffeine, nicotine, cotinine, cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine, methadone and its metabolite EDDP. The mean concentrations of non-controlled drugs were: for caffeine 50 and 19 ng L⁻¹, in Spanish and worldwide drinking water respectively and for nicotine 13 and 19 ng L⁻¹. Illicit drugs were sparsely present and usually at ultratrace level (<1 ng L⁻¹). For example, cocaine has mean values of 0.4 (Spain) and 0.3 ng L⁻¹ (worldwide), whereas for benzoylecgonine, these mean values were 0.4 and 1.8 ng L⁻¹, respectively. Higher concentrations of benzoylecgonine were found in Latin American samples (up to 15 ng L⁻¹). No opiates were identified in any sample but the presence of methadone and EDDP was frequently detected. Total mean values for EDDP were 0.4 ng L⁻¹ (Spain) and 0.3 ng L⁻¹ (worldwide). Very few samples tested positive for amphetamines, in line with the reactivity of chlorine with these compounds. No cannabinoids, LSD, ketamine, fentanyl and PCP were detected.     

生物质快速热裂解主要参数对生物油产率的影响

以松木木屑为原料,在自制的小型流化床上,开展了生物质热裂解温度、生物质粒径和进料速率对生物油产率的影响实验研究.结果表明,在热裂解温度分别为450、475、500、525和550℃条件下,当热裂解温度为500℃时,生物油产率最高,平均产率达到53.33%(质量百分比).反应温度越高,炭产量越低,不可冷凝气体产量越高,气体发热值越高;粒径＜1 mm的生物质其粒径对生物油产率影响不大;生物质进料速率增加时,生物油产率增加.本研究为生物能的利用提供了新的途径.