一种新型振动发尘器的研制

作者根据实验室进行通风除尘实验以及凝并实验的需要,研制出一种结构简单、体积小、拆装方便、成本低、运行良好的新型振动发尘器装置。该发尘器利用振动学原理,其振动装置能够产生不同的振动加速度,并且采用了较为先进的吹尘风扇,使得该发尘器具有发尘量均匀、粉尘不易堵塞、发尘量无级可调、除尘系统入口含尘浓度均匀以及对除尘系统内部流场影响极小等特点,尤其适合于小模型除尘系统,它可大大提高通风除尘系统参数测试的准确性。     

超声干雾抑尘机理及其技术参数优化研究

为改善超声波雾化效果,提高超声干雾的除尘效率,根据空气动力学、"云"物理学和斯蒂芬流输运原理,研究超声干雾抑尘机理。采用自行设计的雾流参数测定试验装置,研究压缩空气的压力(气压)、水流量等指标对超声雾化器雾化效果的影响,得出超声雾化器合理的供气压力和供水流量。选取烧结磁铁矿粉尘为呼吸性粉尘样品,在超声雾化器最佳运行条件下对其除尘效率进行测定。研究结果表明:微细水雾有利于呼吸性粉尘的捕集。超声雾化器的最佳运行条件为:气压0.35 MPa,水流量30 L/h。在此运行条件下,其对呼吸性粉尘的平均除尘效率为98.3%,最高可达98.6%。     

粘尘帘降尘模拟实验研究

提出了在矿井采用粘尘帘捕尘新方法,根据相似准则,设计与制作了巷道及其尘源的实验模型,通过模拟实验,考察了粘尘帘的降尘效果,分析与确定了粘尘帘的阻力系数、效率常数等参数,指出了这种捕尘方法尚存在的不足之处。     

复合型水雾抑尘剂作用机理与优选方法研究*

为有效提高水雾综合除尘性能,基于水雾捕尘过程及抑尘作用机理,从复合抑尘剂润湿、吸湿、黏结作用组分出发,讨论不同性质粉尘与抑尘剂各组分间匹配协同关系,进而研究复合型水雾抑尘剂优选方法。结果表明:湿润组分优选疏水端含有碳碳双键、醚基或链间存在氢键的表面活性剂;通过改变疏水基链长、不饱和度和支链数等方法,使湿润组分亲水、亲油性与粉尘相匹配。吸湿组分优选体心立方晶胞结构、溶解度相对较小的无机盐或混合配方无机盐,或者含极性强、能形成氢键的基团且空间结构复杂的有机吸湿剂。黏结组分优选溶液黏度高、交联网状、结构复杂的高分子聚合物。在上述组分优选的基础上,通过抑尘剂复配性能实验合理确定各组分的最优配比。     

轻型顶吸旋臂捕尘罩在高炉出铁口的应用

根据首钢3#高炉出铁场的特点,通过几种方案的比较,提出了轻型顶吸旋转悬臂罩捕集方案,论述了该罩的特点及参数.实践证明,该方案完全可行,可为同类高炉出铁场除尘推广使用.     

通风除尘中气体的力学性质和运动特性

通风除尘中气体的力学性质和运动特性首都经济贸易大学安全工程系王希鼎除尘技术的研究对象为含尘气体（主要是空气）的运动和粉尘的运动、沉降、扩散和凝并的规律。作为运载粉尘的气体在通风除尘中占有极为重要的地位。本文对于通常状态下气体的物理性质和基本运动方程不...     

孙村煤矿煤层注水钻孔捕尘装置研制成功

山东新汶矿业集团孙村煤矿研制成功一种新型的煤层注水孔施工捕尘装置。成功解决了综采工作面注水孔施工时煤层受水膨胀发生塌孔埋钻这一难题。     

对喷流除尘技术在收集硫酸铵和硝酸铵粉尘中的应用研究

对喷流除尘技术利用粉尘颗粒在撞击区内来回振荡、相互碰撞并团聚的机理进行除尘.实验采用水平式对喷流除尘系统收集硫酸铵和硝酸铵的混合物粉尘,主要考察喷嘴气流速度、含尘浓度和喷雾化水润湿含尘气流对除尘效率的影响,并进行机理分析.实验表明,除尘效率随喷嘴风速的增大而升高,但喷嘴风速超过25～27 m/s后,反而下降;除尘效率随含尘浓度的增加而升高,但含尘浓度超过0 45～0.55 kg/m3后反而有所降低;喷雾化润湿含尘气流能显著提高除尘效率,最优耗水量为0.18～0.22 kg/kg粉尘,超过该值后无显著变化.实验确定的最优除尘条件为:喷嘴速度25～27 m/s、含尘浓度0.45～0.55 kg/m3、耗水量0.18～0 22 kg/kg粉尘,除尘效率最高可达96.8%.     

超声雾化抑尘技术

这种除尘方法的特点是在局部密闭的产尘点中,安装利用压缩空气驱动的超声波雾化器,激发高度密集的亚微米级雾(d<20μm),雾迅速捕集凝聚微细粉尘,使粉尘特别是呼吸性粉尘很快沉降在产尘点,实现就地抑尘。由于其捕尘机理与普通喷雾捕尘完     

一种新型振动发尘器的研制

作者根据实验室进行通风除尘实验以及凝并实验需要,研制出一种结构简单,体积小,拆装方便,成本低,运行良好的新型振动发尘器装置。该发尘器利用振动学原理,其振动装置能够产生不同的振动加速度,并且采用了较为先进的吹尘风扇,使得该发尘器具有发尘量均匀,粉尘不易堵塞,发尘量无级可调,除尘系统入口含尘浓度均匀以及对除尘系统内部流场影响极小等特点,尤其适合于小模型除尘系统,它可大大提高通风除尘系统参数测试的准确性     

露天矿溜槽粉尘逸散规律试验研究

为探索露天矿用溜槽系统粉尘逸散的影响因素,阐明溜槽系统运输过程中粉尘的产生机理和运移规律,从而解决溜槽系统产生的粉尘污染问题,以抚顺西露天矿为研究背景,运用相似理论,建立溜槽模型,通过单因素试验和正交试验,分别研究物料粉岩质量分数、物料含水率、溜槽倾角对溜槽运行过程中粉尘质量浓度的影响。单因素试验结果表明,粉尘质量浓度随物料粉岩质量分数、溜槽倾角增大而逐渐增大,随含水率增大而逐渐降低,溜槽底部粉尘质量浓度受影响变化幅度较大,溜槽中部和上部变化较小。溜槽粉尘质量浓度分布规律为溜槽底部粉尘产生量最大,中部次之,上方最小。溜槽底部为粉尘污染防治重点区域。正交试验结果表明,物料含水率对粉尘逸散影响最大,其次是粉岩质量分数,溜槽倾角影响最小。     

Flame propagation in hybrid mixture of coal dust and methane

To investigate the flame propagation through hybrid mixture of coal dust and methane in a combustion chamber, a high-speed video camera with a microscopic lens and a Schlieren optical system were used to record the flame propagation process and to obtain the direct light emission photographs. Flame temperature was detected by a fine thermocouple. The suspended coal dust in the mixture of methane and air was ignited by an electric spark. The flame propagation speeds and maximum flame temperatures of the mixture were analyzed. The results show that the co-presence of coal dust and methane improves the flame propagation speed and maximum flame temperature notably, which become much higher than that of the single-coal dust flame. The flame front temperature varies with the coal dust concentration.     

环境标准升级对企业“十三五”环保达标影响分析及对策

以某矿山企业为研究对象,以企业现行排污执行标准和升级标准为依据,分析了企业"十三五"环保达标的难点问题,提出重点解决球团竖炉烟气脱硫;球团车间配料、转运布袋除尘系统改造;选矿车间粗、细碎除尘系统改造等。共计改造和新增除尘设备9台,新建脱硫系统1套,概算投资5 455万元。     

Dust cloud evolution and flame propagation of organic dust deflagration under low wall influence

The present study discusses experiments on organic dust explosions in a setup with low wall influence. The proposed apparatus decouples the dust dispersion and the deflagration event in two separate compartments. The use of a continuous-wave laser to illuminate the centre plane of the observation chamber allows capturing both, the dust cloud and the flame during the same experiment and eliminates typical problems caused by the limited dynamic range of high-speed cameras. A k-means clustering method is used for image segmentation to obtain the spatial extent and the propagation velocities of the unreacted particle cloud and the flame zone. Spatially resolved velocities are calculated by the additional use of an optical flow method. The main goal of the presented setup and image processing method is to provide high quality validation data for the development of numerical models on dust deflagration.     

脉冲滤筒除尘器对超细粉体净化的实验研究

随着工业的快速发展,空气中颗粒污染物的含量和种类越来越多,不仅对人体健康造成危害,颗粒污染还对能见度、气候、动植物均有影响,寻找合适的除尘设备,提高对微细粉尘的除尘效率,对安全和环境保护有着重要而深远的意义。该文利用脉冲滤筒除尘器对粒径分布为0.5-5μm的超细粉体进行净化实验。测试了除尘器净化效率、除尘器阻力及过滤风速等主要性能参数。实验结果说明:脉冲滤筒除尘器对于粒径为0.5-5μm超细粉体,在过滤风速为0.8-1.25m/min时,除尘器阻力小于300Pa,净化效率达99.9999%。得到结论:滤筒除尘器具有高除尘效率,低阻力损失,节约除尘系统的动力消耗的优点,有利于在超细粉体净化工艺中的应用。     

Experimental study of the influence of particle size on Minimum Explosible Concentration of sulfur dust

Despite the extensive use of sulfur in the industry, very little information is available in the literature on its key dust explosion properties. The work presented in this paper contributes to filling the current knowledge gaps on sulfur dust explosion properties and focuses on the experimental determination of the MEC of sulfur dust using a Modified Hartmann Tube and a 20 L dust explosion sphere. First, the MEC of sulfur dust samples collected at a sulfur production facility from areas prone to the generation of fine sulfur dust was measured. The results showed that these sulfur dust samples are fine enough to cause dust explosions with 55 ± 5< MEC <105 ± 5 g/m³. Second, the influence of the particle size of sulfur dust was investigated with both equipment. The use of the Modified Hartmann Tube for MEC determination showed that the MEC increases with increasing particle size in the particle size range of 0–2000 μm. Unlike the Modified Hartmann Tube, MEC experiments done in the 20 L Sphere did not allow the quantification of the influence of the particle size on the MEC. These results were explained by the phenomenon of particle breakage induced by the 20 L Sphere's dispersion mechanism. Additional experiments with the 20 L sphere confirmed the particle breakage of sulfur dust particles and showed that it is inversely proportional to dust concentration and proportional to the dust's original particle size distribution.     

一种中小型燃煤锅炉除尘器

湿式纤维栅除尘器是一种新型高效的湿式除尘器,其除尘效率高达98％以上,并且能有效地脱除锅炉燃煤烟气中的二氧化硫,排放烟气质量达到国家标准。除尘器结构简单,能耗少,便于构件更换与维修,是中小型锅炉适用的排烟除尘器。     

The effect of admixed material on the flaming and smouldering combustion of dust layers

The rate of propagation of flame and the rate of propagation of smouldering in still air, have been investigated for several particle sizes, mixtures of coarse and fine dusts of the same material, and mixtures containing partially coarse dusts of limestone. Wood sawdust and grass dust were used as the industrial materials. Measurements were made by using a mold of acceptable dimensions. The results obtained indicated that the flaming and smouldering rates are dependent on the particle size and the depth of the layer and the values of the smouldering rates were found to be about 20% of the values obtained with flaming. Also, an admixture of fine dust of 50% of the same material to coarse dust for a 0.5 cm layer of both materials is sufficient to increase the values of the flaming rate by 61% for wood sawdust and the smouldering rate by 88% and 52% for wood sawdust and grass dust, respectively. The admixture of limestone as low as 10% was sufficient to produce zero propagation for both types of burning.     

Effects of particle thermal characteristics on flame microstructures during dust explosions of three long-chain monobasic alcohols in a half-closed chamber

To reveal clearly the effects of particle thermal characteristics on flame microstructures during organic dust explosions, three long-chain monobasic alcohols, solid at room temperature and similar in physical-chemical properties, were chosen to conduct experiments in a half-closed chamber. In the experiments, the dust materials were dispersed into the chamber by air to form dust clouds and the hybrids were ignited by an electrical spark. A high-speed optical schlieren system was used to record the flame propagation behaviors. A fine thermocouple and an ion current probe were respectively used to measure the flame temperature profile and the reaction behaviors of the combustion zone. Based on the experimental results, combustion behaviors and flame microstructures in dust clouds with different thermal characteristics were analyzed in detail. As a result, it was found that the dust flame surfaces were completely covered by cellular structures that significantly increased the flame frontal areas. Flame propagated more quickly and the number of the cellular cells increased as increasing the volatility of the particles. On the contrary, maximum temperature and the thickness of the preheated zone decreased as increasing the volatility of the particles. According to the ion current profile, the particles in the preheat zone were pyrolyzed to intermediate radicals and the radicals' fraction in the higher volatile dust flame was higher than that in the lower volatile dust flame.     

钢铁窑炉烟尘PM_(2.5)控制技术与装备

简述了国家863课题"钢铁窑炉烟尘PM_(2.5)控制技术与装备"的目的、意义和研究成果,介绍了细颗粒物预荷电技术、基于海岛纤维的表面超细过滤材料、预荷电袋滤器、"一阀多喷"清灰等技术的最新进展,通过示范工程的成功运行,验证了成果的先进性和实用性。研究成果将为工业窑炉烟尘细颗粒物深度净化提供技术和装备支撑,适用于新建除尘项目和除尘项目改造。