低碳经济下的智能用电技术与环境安全

智能用电作为建设坚强智能电网的重要组成部分,具有高度的自动化水平和很强的自愈能力。采用智能用电技术可以将各种分布式再生能源迅速接入电网,对环境安全具有重要的促进作用。通过介绍智能用电这一新技术的发展现状和及其关键技术,从能源防御体系、土地利用和电力生产等方面对智能用电与环境安全之间的关系进行了分析。采用智能用电技术可以减少碳排放,提高用电系统的抗击灾害能力,保护环境、集约利用土地,是环境安全体系中非常重要的组成环节。     

基于SPICE模型的运算放大器ESD故障机制分析

运算放大器是智能电网中重要的电路元器件，其性能对电网的正常运行具有至关重要的影响。为了提高智能电网的安全性和稳定性，需要对运算放大器在复杂的电磁环境下的可靠性进行验证。本文以UA741模拟集成运算放大器为研究对象，通过分析典型静电放电（ESD）干扰下的电磁效应，研究了基于SPICE模型的MOS的电压和电流特性以及故障机制。通过定位故障MOS，为进一步研究ESD抑制提供了理论依据。本研究结果对于提高智能电网中电路和电力设备的抗干扰能力，保障电网的稳定运行具有重要意义。     

国际电工委员会68—2—13号标准试验M:低气压

1、由所有对该问题特别关切的国家委员会都参加的技术委员会所制订的IEC有关技术问题的正式决议或协议,尽可能地表达了对所涉及的问题在国际上的一致意见。 2、这些决议或协议推荐标准的形式供国际上使用,并在此意义上为各国家委会所承认。 3、为了促进国际上的统一,IEC表示希望:各国家委员会,在其国内情况许可的范围内,应采用IEC推荐标准的内容作为他们的国家规定。IEC推荐标准与相应的国家规定之间,如有不一致之处,应尽可能在国家规定中明确指出。     

IECTC104工作动态

1 IECTC104简介 IEC TC104是由原来的IEC TC50(环境试验技术委员会)和IEC TC75(环境条件的分类分级委员会)两个技术委员会于1997年6月合并组成的一个技术委员会，其全称为“环境条件、分类和试验方法技术委员会”。 IEC TC104的工作范围是：     

2019年IEC/TC 89着火危险试验技术委员会动态

<正>一、IEC TC89基本情况国际电工委员会着火危险试验技术委员会IEC/TC 89(Fire hazard testing)成立于1988年,它的前身是IEC/TC50(环境试验)的50D分技术委员会,但由于着火危险问题在人们生活中愈显重要,且又与环境试验的系列标准有明显区别,因而IEC决定将50D改为独立的技术委员会,以便更有利于开展着火危险试验方法方面的工作。     

环境条件分类与环境试验的联系与转换（IEC60721—3与IEC60068）导则—概述

前言 本文译自国际电工委员会TC104于1999年10月发的IEC 60721-4-0／CDV文件。 早在1997年6月,IECTC 104决定,原TC50／75联合工作组起草的本草案将以技术报告的形式出版。技术报告不同于标准,并且无年限限制。 系列标准IEC 60721-4-1至IEC 60721-4-7已于1999年底出版。本文包含了该系列标准的所有概述。     

关于空调谐波和闪烁测试分析

随着空调的发展,开关电源、可控硅及相关非线性器件的大量应用,一方面提高了人们对电能的利用效率;另一方面,非线性的电能转换又在电网中引入了大量谐波电流。作为对电网质量的控制及维护人体健康,我国相继出版了两个标准：GB17625.1《电磁兼容限值低压电气及电子设备发出的谐波电流限值（设备每相输入电流≤16A）》及GB17625.2《电磁兼容限值对额定电流不大于16A的设备在低压供电系统中产生的电压波动和闪烁的限值》（此两标准分别等同于IEC61000-3-2和IEC61000-3-3）。从标准号看,均为强制性标准,特别是在我国开展的强制性产品认证中,有相当一部分电气和电子产品需要进行谐波电流的发射测试,所以值得各相关企业特别注意。本文主要分析了其危害性、起因、对策。     

2011中国国际电工电器装备博览会

输配电装备展览会-暨智能电网相关设备及技术展览会电机装备展览会-暨高效电机及系统节能展览会电工器材及附件展览会电工仪器仪表展览会第25届中国焊接博览会     

标准动态

正世界首个电动汽车电池更换系统IEC标准正式发布7月12日,南瑞集团有限公司牵头编制的IEC国际标准《电动汽车电池更换系统第1部分通用与导则》(IEC TS 62840-1)正式发布。电动汽车充电和电池更换技术是电动汽车能源补给的两种不同方式,也是制约电动汽车发展的瓶颈。电池更换技术在公交、出租车等公共交通领域有着良好的应用场景,从技术发展趋势看,电池     

环境条件分类与环境试验的联系与转换 (IEC 60721-3与IFC 60068)导则--概述

前言 本文译自国际电工委员会TC104于1999年10月发的IEC 60721-4-0／CDV文件。 早在1997年6月，IECTC 104决定，原TC50／75联合工作组起草的本草案将以技术报告的形式出版。技术报告不同于标准，并且无年限限制。 系列标准IEC 60721-4-1至IEC 60721-4-7已于1999年底出版。本文包含了该系列标准的所有概述。     

基于FPGA和光纤的振动台用功率放大器数字传输技术

本文介绍了一种用于振动试验系统中功率放大器和控制仪之间的数字信号传输技术。该技术通过FPGA和光纤通信技术来实现,能够达到长距离,高速率,高可靠性的传输要求,可以有效提高振动试验系统的试验精度。     

基于智能能源网的资源开发与市场匹配模式研究——以煤基低碳能源转化为例

智能能源网是我国＂十二五＂期间完善资源开发及能源转化的重点科研攻关课题。以煤基低碳能源转化为例,提出基于智能能源网的资源开发模式。该模式可从根本上改善我国传统的对原生资源低效和掠夺式的开发方式,提高从原生资源到能源商品整个过程的资源转化效率,在极大程度上减少生产过程中对环境造成的碳排放污染。其市场匹配模式应以政府作为引导主体,按市场化所处的不同阶段积极施行经济和科技体制改革。     

Game theory and hybrid genetic algorithm for energy management and real-time pricing in smart grid: the Tunisian case

ABSTRACT

Microgrids are the key for integrating renewable energy from different sources into smart grid, that is why power grid evolves into a combination of interconnected microgrids. In fact, future power grids are undergoing this groundbreaking change that will help meet the increasing demand of electric power and reduce carbon emission. In this sense we study in this paper, based on measured data, a real case of energy management in the area of Beja located in Tunisia. Indeed, we propose a model for the power exchange which proves the potential of applying game theory in the development of both real-time pricing and energy management mechanism for an open electricity market. We also introduce a hybrid genetic algorithm to compute the Nash Equilibrium. Results show that the proposed smart energy management can decrease the real cost of power up to 20%, to divide the energy transmission losses by a factor of two and to reduce the carbon emission in the area of Beja.     

The promise of smart grids

ABSTRACT

It is the promise of smart grids – their anticipated role in meeting economic, social, environmental policy objectives – that is driving action on smart grids worldwide, while the reality is rather more messy. This paper is about the implementation of smart grids in Australia, and examines the degree to which environmental and social promises have materialised (or not) within two large energy smart grid initiatives undertaken in the period 2009–2014: the federal government-sponsored Smart Grid Smart City Program and the State of Victoria’s Advanced Metering Infrastructure Program. The analysis draws on a governmentality approach to examine how the promise of smart grids has not for the most part been delivered, concentrating in particular on how new digital technologies have not “behaved” in the way originally planned. Within a governmentality framework, it is generally assumed that technologies work to support government programmes, to accomplish governance. But growing evidence points to smart grid technologies undermining the promise of smart grids. Such a finding stands at odds with the assumption in governmentality about technologies doing work in consort with rationalities of government.     

智能合约嵌入碳汇产品交易：法律挑战与应对路径

在全面推进乡村振兴背景下,探索碳汇产品价值实现是对习近平生态文明思想的践行,也是实现生态保护补偿和绿色发展的重要市场化手段。进入数字时代,基于区块链技术的智能合约,因技术优势带来的发展优势,其与各行业不断融合,并形成新的发展思路和发展业态。探索将智能合约技术嵌入碳汇产品交易,可以降低碳汇产品交易成本,提高碳汇产品交易效率。然而,新兴技术的应用是一把双刃剑,智能合约能够为碳汇产品价值实现带来诸多优势,但同时也将引发实体法、程序法以及新业态监管方面的挑战。因此,为实现智能合约在碳汇产品价值实现领域的全面可持续应用,应当从实体法、程序法以及新业态监管机制等方面,探索法律应对路径的理性回归。     

Optimization of grid tied hybrid power system in smart premises

Tapping of renewable energy sources like solar and wind is given great priority by power producers all over the world. Technical problems of linking them to the grid are solved. The cost constraints of utilizing renewable energy at specific locations are to be determined. In this work, a model is developed for grid tied hybrid power system (HPS) consisting of photovoltaic (PV) module and wind mill at the roof top of smart premises. The grid is capable of delivering and receiving energy. Objective function is formed with constraints taking into account the cost of PV module, wind mill, and grid tied inverter with controller. The constraints are rating of HPS and energy that can be delivered to the grid. Using this model, case studies were conducted in three locations in India, each location having two different demands. The results are presented. With the optimal rating of HPS, results shows that, conventional energy cost is higher.     

The Integration of a Genetic Programming-Based Feature Optimizer With Fisher Criterion and Pattern Recognition Techniques to Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring for Load Identification

Identification of electricity energy consumption on individual household appliances used in a smart house is the first important step for making the use and conservation of electricity energy more efficient. In the past, Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) techniques, which are part of smart grid techniques realized to improve electricity energy usage efficiency, have been developed to identify individual appliances with avoiding installing many smart meters for appliances in a field. In this paper, a new NILM technique that integrates an efficient Genetic Programming (GP)-based feature optimizer with pattern recognition techniques is proposed to identify which appliance is being turned on or off. The proposed GP-based feature optimizer with Fisher criterion is used to generate a more efficient feature than original potential transient features extracted from captured transient response of household appliances through analysis of NILM. The new feature generated by GP is used by pattern recognition techniques as load identifiers for load identification. The load identifiers used and compared in this paper include k-Nearest-Neighbor Rule, Back-Propagation Artificial Neural Network, and Learning Vector Quantization. Experiments are conducted under different single-load and multiple-load operation circumstances at different actual experimental environments with small disturbances. As shown from the experimental results, the proposed is confirmed to be feasible and usable.     

Urban sharing in smart cities: the cases of Berlin and London

ABSTRACT

Addressing urban sustainability challenges requires changes in the way systems of provision and services are designed, organised and delivered. In this context, two promising phenomena have gained interest from the academia, the public sector and the media: “smart cities” and “urban sharing”. Smart cities rely on the extensive use of information and communications technology (ICT) to increase efficiencies in urban areas, while urban sharing builds on the collaborative use of idling resources enabled by ICT in densely populated cities. The concepts have many similar features and share common goals, yet cities with smart city agendas often fail to take a stance on urban sharing. Thus, its potentials are going largely unnoticed by local governments. This article addresses this issue by exploring cases of London and Berlin – two ICT-dense cities with clearly articulated smart city agendas and an abundance of sharing platforms. Drawing on urban governance literature, we develop a conceptual framework that specifies the roles that cities assume when governing urban sharing: city as regulator, city as provider, city as enabler and city as consumer. We find that both cities indirectly support urban sharing through smart agenda programmes, which aim to facilitate ICT-enabled technical innovation and emergence of start-ups. However, programmes, strategies, support schemes and regulations aimed directly at urban sharing initiatives are few. We also find that Berlin is sceptical towards urban sharing organisations, while London took more of a collaborative approach. Implications for policy-makers are discussed in the end.     

智慧旅游：未来旅游业发展新趋势——基于4G技术支撑下的景区转型升级

一种新技术的问世,驱动着经济社会的大发展、大变革,4G时代的到来再一次把移动通信技术推向另一个高端平台,其推广应用也成为了各企业在行业中崭露头角的关键法宝.智慧旅游是一种需要移动通信技术作为核心支撑而发展的新型旅游,必将在未来旅游业中迅速崛起.着眼4G于实际,放眼智慧旅游于未来,从智慧旅游和4G技术的概念以及发展历程着手,挖掘了4G与智慧旅游发展的内在关系.以武夷山风景区作为实例,分析了当地资源状况和智慧旅游发展现状,并从以政府为代表的管理机构、旅游企业、旅游者、目的地居民角度出发,提出武夷山风景区智慧旅游开发的对策.