静息细胞对亚甲基蓝染料和Pb（Ⅱ）同步吸附的模型研究

采用K. oxytoca菌株制成生物吸附剂（LRC）对亚甲基蓝染料（MB）和Pb（Ⅱ）二元体系的吸附进行实验研究,并结合高等统计物理模型对吸附机理进行阐述.通过静态吸附实验研究了在不同接触时间和溶液pH条件下对LRC去除染料MB和Pb（Ⅱ）的影响,并通过实验研究发现两种污染物在二元吸附体系中表现出了吸附拮抗作用.利用单能量单吸附层（MSA）和单层扩展（MBA）统计物理模型对一元吸附体系和二元吸附体系进行拟合,均具有较好的拟合结果 .在单元体系中,LRC对MB和Pb（Ⅱ）最大饱和吸附量分别为163.61 mg·g^-1和129.83 mg·g^-1;在二元体系中,LRC对MB和Pb（Ⅱ）的最大饱和吸附量分别为141.47 mg·g^-1和96.99 mg·g^-1.同时,该模型中的拟合参数（n_i、D_m、E_i）能够阐述其不同的物理意义,并提出了新的吸附质与吸附剂之间的结合机制.     

原位载铁中孔活性炭吸附As和天然有机物效能

采用配煤、原位浸渍和两步活化法制备了4种原位载铁活性炭（FGL1/2/3/4）,并以空白炭C-GL为基础的表面铁浸渍后改性炭（Fe-GL-2/3/4）为对照,研究了原位载铁炭对水中As和腐植酸（HA）的同步吸附效能.结果表明,炭化料原位载铁促进了比表面积（S_BET）和中孔结构的发育.其中,原位载铁炭FCL4（载铁量6.51%）在45Å~480Å的范围内的中孔容积（V_mes）比C-GL增加了0.1146cm³/g;而后改性载铁则造成S_BET和V_mes的显著降低.原位载铁同时促进了表面碱度的增加,保证了中性条件下更好的As离子吸附能力;FCL4对As（Ⅲ）和As（V）的Langmuir最大吸附量（L-Q_max）分别达到2.566和2.825mg/g.原位载铁炭进一步发育的中孔结构促进了对HA（<10mg DOC/L）的吸附效能,FGL4对HA的Langmuir最大吸附量（Q_HA）达到46.25mg DOC/g.As-HA共存体系内FGL4对各组分的吸附容量有所降低,但As（Ⅲ）和As（V）的吸附容量仍达到2.325和2.675mg/g.     

淀粉纳米晶接枝聚乙烯亚胺对阴离子染料的吸附

以戊二醛为交联剂、淀粉纳米晶(SNCs)为基材接枝聚乙烯亚胺(PEI),成功制备了一种新型生物基吸附剂(SNCs-PEI)。利用粒径、Zeta电位、红外光谱(FTIR)和能量色散X射线谱(EDX)对SNCs-PEI进行表征,并探究其对阴离子染料的吸附效果。当pH=3时,SNCs-PEI的Zeta电位达到+37.9 mV,对阴离子染料甲基橙(MO)和刚果红(CR)均具有良好的吸附性能,考察了吸附时间、pH值、染料初始浓度、温度对SNCs-PEI吸附性能的影响。研究表明：在pH为3,SNCs-PEI投加量为0.1 g, MO、CR初始浓度为130 mg/L的条件下,SNCs-PEI对MO和CR的吸附过程均符合准二级动力学和Langmuir吸附模型,SNCs-PEI对MO、CR的最大吸附量分别为82.10,57.34 mg/g,吸附过程属于一个自发的吸热过程。该新型生物吸附剂的研究对含阴离子染料工业废水的去除提供了一种新途径。     

活性炭负载纳米TiO_2电催化氧化处理染料废水

用溶胶凝胶—动态吸附法制备颗粒活性炭(GAC)负载纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)催化剂,以甲基橙的脱色率为考察指标,研究TiO2/GAC电催化反应体系对甲基橙染料废水的电催化氧化性能。实验结果表明,在甲基橙废水pH为4,TiO2/GAC催化剂用量为0.5g,Fe2+浓度为250mg/L,电解电压为16V时,电催化氧化30min的条件下,甲基橙脱色率达99.2%,COD去除率达93.1%。     

木质素磺酸钠磁性复合材料吸附染料的研究

文章通过多乙烯多胺修饰木质素磺酸钠,并与磁性材料进行复合制备多乙烯多胺修饰的木质素磺酸钠磁性复合材料（PMSL）。研究了PMSL材料对废水中孔雀石绿（MG）与甲基橙（MO）2种染料的吸附性能,包括吸附等温线、吸附动力学、吸附热力学等。研究表明,45℃时PMSL对MG和MO 2种染料的最大吸附量可达350.7 mg/g和358.4 mg/g,吸附平衡时间为3 h。且PMSL在碱性环境下吸附MG染料效果更加显著,在酸性环境下吸附MO染料效果更显著。通过分析可知,此吸附为吸热反应,拟合模型遵循Langmuir模型和准二级动力学模型,说明为自发进行的单层吸附。循环使用5次后,PMSL对染料的去除率仍然可以达到90%以上。实验证明,环境友好型PMSL材料具有出色的吸附效果和超顺磁性。     

活性炭负载二氧化锰的制备及其对罗丹明B吸附效能

采用颗粒活性炭(GAC)以共沉淀和热分解法制备了改性活性炭(MnO_2-AC),并采用SEM、XRD表征手段对改性前后活性炭进行微观分析;进而研究了GAC和MnO_2-AC随染料初始浓度、活性碳投加量、温度、吸附时间变化对染料废水罗丹明B的吸附效果影响。结果表明:GAC经改性后,活性炭表面变得粗糙,并有MnO_2产生。在MnO_2-AC投加量为0.2 g,罗丹明B浓度为100 mg/L,温度为25℃条件下反应12 h,其吸附量达到36.80 mg/g。另外,MnO_2-AC对罗丹明B的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温模型,并遵循准二级动力学模型。     

复合钙基吸收剂吸附烟气中汞的试验研究

将飞灰和CaO以4∶1(质量比)混合,在室温25℃下消化10min,在68℃下干燥40min,制得基础吸收剂,再添加5%的KMnO₄(或NaClO₂)和15%的水分,制成可吸附燃煤烟气汞的复合钙基吸收剂. 研究了KMnO₄/NaClO₂添加量,吸收剂中水分含量,温度,进口φ(O₂)、ρ(Hg0)、ρ(SO₂)和ρ(NO)等因素对复合钙基吸收剂吸附烟气汞的影响. 结果表明:随着KMnO₄、NaClO₂添加量从0增至5%,复合钙基吸收剂对烟气汞10min吸附量从131.75ng/g分别增至443.00和876.08ng/g;在KMnO₄(或NaClO₂)添加量为5%,水分含量为15%,温度为80℃,进口φ(O₂)为6%的条件下,模拟烟气进口ρ(Hg0)从18.0μg/m3增至86.4μg/m3时,复合钙基吸收剂对烟气汞的最大吸附量升至1203.33ng/g(或2391.63ng/g);当进口ρ(SO₂)从1429mg/m3增至2286mg/m3时,KMnO₄(或NaClO₂)添加剂相对应的烟气汞最大吸附量降至421.50ng/g(或860.00ng/g);当进口ρ(NO)从536mg/m3增至938mg/m3时,KMnO₄(或NaClO₂)添加剂相对应的烟气汞最大吸附量降至336.75ng/g(或776.38ng/g).      

固定床中好氧颗粒污泥动态吸附结晶紫染料

针对印染废水色度高,脱色难度大的问题,通过固定床工艺利用灭活的好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)对水中结晶紫(CV)进行动态吸附.通过对固定床高度、CV初始浓度和和流速对穿透曲线的影响进行探讨,采用Thomas模型和BDST模型对动态吸附试验所得数据拟合并获得了相应参数.试验结果表明,随着固定床高度的增加,穿透时间和饱和吸附时间延长;当CV初始浓度和流速增加时,穿透时间和饱和吸附时间急剧缩短.Thomas模型能够很好地描述AGS对CV的动态吸附动力学.当CV浓度为100mg/L,流速为8.3mL/min,固定床高度为20cm时AGS对CV的吸附动力学与Thomas模型拟合程度最好,相关系数为0.9813.BDST模型能准确预测穿透时间,平均误差小于10%.吸附CV染料后AGS可用无水乙醇进行再生.     

无机载体和有机载体吸附去除藏红T的比较研究

硅胶与大孔吸附树脂因具有良好的吸附性能被广泛用作吸附材料。本文比较两种吸附材料对藏红T染料的最佳吸附条件及动力学、等温线参数的区别。结果表明：硅胶的最佳吸附条件是m=200 mg、T=25℃、pH=5.5、t=30 min,对C0=100 mg/L藏红T染料的去除率与吸附容量达到61.42%、4.61 mg/g,吸附过程符合拟一级动力学模型及Freundlich模型;大孔吸附树脂的最佳吸附条件是m=50 mg、T=30℃、pH=8.0、t=90 min,对C0=3000 mg/L的藏红T染料的去除率与吸附容量达到46.65%、419.81 mg/g,吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型、Langmuir模型。除此之外,溶液中存在无机盐,如K₃PO₄·3H₂O、K₂HPO₄、CaCl₂可以促进硅胶与大孔吸附树脂对藏红T染料的吸附作用。     

Mg/Al金属氧化物的物化性质及吸附特性

为研究微波煅烧和常规煅烧下的Mg/Al金属氧化物的物化性质、吸附特性及机理,通过XRD(X射线衍射)、SEM(扫描电镜)、BET-BJH(比表面积-孔结构)和pH_ZPC(零电荷点)等表征手段分析了微波煅烧对水滑石结构、形貌、纹理性质及表面电荷性质的影响.结果表明:微波煅烧可获得结晶度更高、片状结构更规整的Mg/Al金属氧化物;微波煅烧使Mg/Al金属氧化物的比表面积由184 m2/g增至205 m2/g,孔容和孔径分别由0.245 cm3/g和2.15 nm增至0.263 cm3/g和2.19 nm;pH_ZPC由12.3增至12.6.微波煅烧和常规煅烧下的Mg/Al金属氧化物的对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的ΔH(标准焓变)分别为42.86和41.23 kJ/mol,E_a(吸附活化能)分别为21.82和22.59 kJ/mol,二者的吸附过程均为化学吸附且受扩散控制,在该研究条件下的二者理论吸附量最大值分别为93.51和90.31 mg/g,微波煅烧提升了Mg/Al金属氧化物吸附能力,但并不显著;微波煅烧使得Mg/Al金属氧化物更易发生结构还原,其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附实质就是结构还原过程.研究显示,微波煅烧并没有改变Mg/Al金属氧化物吸附特性和机理.      

改性颗粒活性炭对水中溴酸根的吸附特性研究

采用阳离子表面活性剂氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)改性颗粒活性炭以提高活性炭对溴酸根的吸附能力.通过小试研究了改性颗粒活性炭(GAC-CPC)对溴酸根的吸附特性,考察了BrO-3初始浓度、pH、共存阴离子等因素对吸附过程的影响.结果表明,CPC改性能显著提高GAC对BrO-3的吸附能力,吸附量随着初始浓度升高而增大;在碱性条件下GAC-CPC对BrO-3的吸附量减小;共存阴离子与BrO-3在GAC-CPC上存在竞争吸附,其影响顺序为:NO-3SO2-4PO3-4CO2-3.用准一级、准二级和颗粒内扩散动力学模型拟合GAC-CPC吸附BrO-3的动力学过程,结果表明,准二级动力学能更好的描述吸附过程,且孔扩散可能是改性GAC吸附BrO-3初始阶段的主要速率控制因素.用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型拟合不同温度下BrO-3的吸附平衡过程,结果表明,Langmuir等温吸附模型能很好的描述吸附平衡过程,GAC-CPC吸附BrO-3的过程是自发且放热的,温度升高不利于吸附.     

Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution with bamboo charcoal chemically modified by iron and cobalt with the assistance of microwave

Bamboo charcoal (BC) was used as starting material to prepare Co-Fe binary oxideloaded adsorbent (Co-Fe-MBC) through its impregnation in Co(NO3)2 , FeCl3 and HNO3 solutions simultaneously, followed by microwave heating. The low-cost composite was characterized and used as an adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from water. The results showed that a cobalt and iron binary oxide (CoFe2O4 ) was uniformly formed on the BC through redox reactions. The composite exhibited higher surface area (331 m2/g) than that of BC or BC loaded with Fe alone (Fe-MBC). The adsorption of Cr(VI) strongly depended on solution pH, temperature and ionic strength. The adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir isotherm model well, and the maximum adsorption capacities for Cr(VI) at 288 K and pH 5.0 were 35.7 and 51.7 mg/g for Fe-MBC and Co-Fe-MBC, respectively. The adsorption processes were well fitted by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto both adsorbents was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic under the studied conditions. The spent Co-Fe-MBC could be readily regenerated for reuse.     

Synthesis of highly effective absorbents with waste quenching blast furnace slag to remove Methyl Orange from aqueous solution

Water quenching blast furnace slag(WQBFS) is widely produced in the blast furnace iron making process. It is mainly composed of CaO, MgO, Al_2O_3, and SiO_2 with low contents of other metal elements such as Fe, Mn, Ti, K and Na. In this study, WQBFS was treated with grinding, hydrochloric acid acidification, filtration, filtrate extraction by alkali liquor and a hydration reaction. Then BFS micropowder(BFSMP), BFS acidified solid(BFSAS) and BFS acid-alkali precipitate(BFSAP) were obtained, which were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller(BET)specific surface area. The decoloration efficiency for Methyl Orange(MO) was used to evaluate the adsorptive ability of the three absorbents. The effects of adsorptive reaction conditions(p H and temperature of solution, reaction time, sorbent dosage and initial concentration) on MO removal were also investigated in detail. The results indicated that BFSAP performed better in MO removal than the other two absorbents. When the p H value of MO solutions was in the range 3.0–13.0, the degradation efficiency of a solution with initial MO concentration of 25 mg/L reached 99.97% for a reaction time of 25 min at 25°C.The maximum adsorption capacity of BFSAP for MO was 167 mg/g. Based on optimized experiments, the results conformed with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Among inorganic anions, SO_4~(2-)and PO_4~(3-)had significant inhibitory effects on MO removal in BFSAP treatment due to ion-exchange adsorption.     

改性秸秆材料对高盐废水中染料和重金属的吸附性能研究

高盐印染废水是一种难处理的工业废水,其盐度高、色度高,含有染料、重金属等多种污染物.本文针对高盐印染废水中污染物的特点,设计了一种制备过程简单、成本经济的柠檬酸/丙烯酰胺改性秸秆材料(WA-CA-AM),并通过SEM、FI-IR和DTG等表征手段分别观测材料形貌、测定表面官能团和热稳定性.同时在不同盐度下,考察了单元/多元污染物体系中WS-CA-AM对4种污染物亚甲基蓝(MB)、甲基橙(MO)、铜离子(Cu~(2+))和铬离子(Cr~(6+))的吸附效果.结果表明:在单元污染物体系中,WS-CA-AM对污染物的吸附量随盐度的升高而降低;在多元污染物体系中同时存在竞争吸附和协同吸附;通过二元体系得出4种污染物的吸附受盐度影响大小顺序为MOCu~(2+)Cr~(6+)MB.在高盐度下,四元混合体系中MB和Cu~(2+)的吸附量均比染料/重金属二元混合体系的要大,Cr~(6+)的吸附量虽受到一些抑制但依然可观,表明改性秸秆材料在高盐印染废水的处理中具有巨大的应用潜力.     

Adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole from aqueous solution by organo-bentonite

The adsorption behavior of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite was investigated.Natural bentonite from Gaozhou in Guangdong Province,China was collected.Organo-bentonite was prepared by intercalation of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide into the natural bentonite.The physicochemical properties of the prepared organo-bentonite were characterized by X-ray diffraction,N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that montmorillonite is the main component of the natural bentonite.The basal spacing of the natural bentonite is 1.47 nm,which increased to 1.98 nm on intercalation with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.Moreover,both the surface area and pore volume increased with intercalation.Clear CH2 stretching(3000-2800 cm-1) and scissoring(1480-1450 cm-1) modes of the intercalated surfactants were observed for organobentonite.Compared with the pseudo first-order kinetic model,the pseudo second-order kinetic model is more suitable to describe the adsorption kinetics of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite.The adsorption capacity of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite increased with increasing initial concentration of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole,but decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage.The adsorption isotherm of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite fits well with the Langmuir model.The maximum adsorption capacity of organo-bentonite for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole was 33.61 mg/g,indicating that organo-bentonite is a promising adsorbent for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole.     

Adsorption characteristics of humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite for cationic dyes in aqueous solutions

Humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (HA-Am-PAA-B) was prepared and used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dyes (Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV)) from aqueous solutions. The polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (PAA-B) was prepared by intercalative polymerization of acrylamide with Nabentonite in the presence of N,N0-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and hexamethylenediammine as propagater. PAA-B was subsequently treated with ethylenediammine to increase its loading capacity for HA. The surface characterizations of the adsorbent were investigated. The adsorbent behaved like a cation exchanger and more than 99.0% removal of dyes was detected at pH range 6.0–8.0. The capacity of HA-Am-PAA-B was found to decrease in the following order: MG > MB > CV. The kinetic and isotherm data were interpreted by pseudo-second order rate equation and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Experiments were carried out using binary solute systems to assess the competitive adsorption phenomenon. The experimental isotherm data for each binary solute combination of MG, MB and CV were analyzed using Sheindrof-Rebhun-Sheintuch (SRS) (multicomponent Freundlich type) equation.     

Perchlorate removal using granular activated carbon supported iron compounds: Synthesis, characterization and reactivity

Synthesis and use of the iron compounds supported on granular activated carbon (ICs/GAC) have shown significant environmental implications for perchlorate (ClO 4 ) removal. ICs/GAC was synthesized via hydrolyzing FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O on GAC, reduced by NaBH 4 solution in polyethylene glycol 6000 and ethanol solution, dried in vacuum condition and exposed to air. Synthesized ICs/GAC was characterized using transmission electron micrograph (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). ICs/GAC was determined to be containing a large amount of FeOHSO 4 , Fe 2 O 3 and a small amount of zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles according to TEM and XPS measurements. Batch static kinetic tests showed that 97% of ClO 4 was removed within 10 hr at 90°C and 86% of ClO 4 was removed within 12 hr at 25°C, at ICs/GAC dosage of 20 g/L. The experimental results also showed that FeOHSO 4 and Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles have the function of perchlorate adsorption and play important roles in ClO 4 removal. The activation energy (E a ) was determined to be 9.56 kJ/mol.     

Degradation kinetics and mechanism of trace nitrobenzene by granular activated carbon enhanced microwave/hydrogen peroxide system

The kinetics of the degradation of trace nitrobenzene (NB) by a granular activated carbon (GAC) enhanced microwave (MW)/hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) system was studied. Effects of pH, NB initial concentration and tert-butyl alcohol on the removal efficiency were examined. It was found that the reaction rate fits well to first-order reaction kinetics in the MW/GAC/H₂O₂ process. Moreover, GAC greatly enhanced the degradation rate of NB in water. Under a given condition (MW power 300 W, H₂O₂ dosage 10 mg/L, pH 6.85 and temperature (60±5)℃), the degradation rate of NB was 0.05214 min^-1 when 4 g/L GAC was added. In general, alkaline pH was better for NB degradation; however, the optimum pH was 8.0 in the tested pH value range of 4.0-12.0. At H₂O₂ dosage of 10 mg/L and GAC dosage of 4 g/L, the removal of NB was decreased with increasing initial concentrations of NB, indicating that a low initial concentration was beneficial for the degradation of NB. These results indicated that the MW/GAC/H₂O₂ process was effective for trace NB degradation in water. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated that a hydroxyl radical addition reaction and dehydrogenation reaction enhanced NB degradation.     

载银活性炭活化过硫酸钠降解酸性橙7

采用硝酸氧化的颗粒活性炭浸渍制备Ag/GAC活化剂,利用N₂吸附、 SEM、 FT-IR及XRD对Ag/GAC进行表征,得出Ag成功负载于颗粒活性炭上,并以Ag/GAC在常温常压下活化过硫酸钠(PS)产生硫酸根自由基(SO^－4 ·)降解偶氮染料酸性橙7(AO7). 考察了Ag负载量、 PS浓度、 Ag/GAC投加量、 初始pH对AO7降解效果的影响. 结果表明,当Ag负载量为12.7 mg ·g^-1、 n(PS) :n(AO7)为120 :1、 Ag/GAC投加量为1.0 g ·L^-1,降解180 min后AO7降解率达95.0%以上. 初始pH对Ag/GAC活化PS降解AO7有较大影响,pH为5.0时降解效果最优. 通过紫外可见光谱、 气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)对AO7降解过程进行了探讨,在降解过程中AO7的偶氮键和萘环结构均被破坏,并检测出主要降解产物有邻苯二甲酸和乙酰苯.     

投加颗粒活性炭和二氧化锰对剩余污泥厌氧消化的影响

厌氧系统添加碳和金属纳米材料是强化厌氧消化的有效策略.为考察投加GAC和MnO₂对剩余污泥厌氧消化过程的影响,设置了空白组（R0）、GAC组（R1）、MnO₂组（R2）以及GAC/MnO₂组（R3）4组间歇实验,研究GAC和MnO₂的投加对剩余污泥厌氧消化效率、微生物活性和微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,反应器运行28 d后,与R0相比,R1和R3的产CH₄速率分别提高了68.18%和51.35%,R2的产CH₄量降低了21.25%.GAC和MnO₂的单独或者混合投加,对厌氧发酵过程均有促进作用.Mn²⁺与剩余污泥释放的磷酸盐生成磷酸盐沉淀对厌氧代谢通道的阻塞作用,造成R2产CH₄效率变低.GAC优良导电性、吸附能力和MnO₂/Mn²⁺的催化作用是R3产CH₄效率增强的主要原因.正常代谢条件下,投加GAC、MnO₂和GAC/MnO₂均可以提高污泥厌氧消化系统微生物活性.微生物群落分析表明,GAC和MnO₂促进了产甲烷菌Methanobacterium和Methanosaeta的富集,强化了发酵细菌和产甲烷菌的种间电子传递,促进了剩余污泥厌氧发酵过程和CH₄的产生.