水溶液中十二烷基苯磺酸钠的半导体光催化降解的研究

以ＴｉＯ２为催化剂,以３００Ｗ高压汞灯为光源,对水溶液中的十二烷基苯磺酸钠进行了半导体光催化降解,研究不同ｐＨ条件下金红石型和锐钛型ＴｉＯ２的光催化活性及Ｈ２Ｏ２,Ｃｕ＾２＋的加入对降解的影响,结果表明,锐钛型ＴｉＯ２具有较高的催化活性;Ｈ２Ｏ２在碱性条件下能抑制ＤＢＳ的光催化降解,在无ＴｉＯ２时,Ｈ２Ｏ２对ＤＢＳ有光催化氧化作用,在酸性条件下,Ｃｕ＾２＋对ＤＢＳ的ＴｉＯ２光催化降解有较强的助催化     

Cr(VI)离子在TiO_2表面的吸附与光催化还原消除

随着体系ｐＨ值增大，Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）离子在ＴｉＯ２表面的吸附下降．当Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）离子初始浓度为３００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，其在ＴｉＯ２表面具有最大值吸附．Ｈ２ＰＯ４－阴离子及乙酸的存在对Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）离子的吸附有阻抑作用，甲酸存在会提高Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）离子的吸附．Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）离子在ＴｉＯ２半导体催化剂表面的光催化还原受体系的酸度影响较大．Ｈ２ＰＯ４－阴离子或Ｍｎ２＋离子存在会降低Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）离子的光催化还原效率．在太阳光照下，Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）离子在ＴｉＯ２上的光催化还原也可实现．通过调节反应结束后水溶液的酸碱度，Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）离子得以消除．反应后催化剂经酸处理，其活性恢复并可重复使用．     

稀土元素掺杂二氧化钛催化剂光降解久效磷的研究

采用浸渍法制备稀土掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂，通过光催化降解农药久效磷的研究，发现掺杂稀土元素对ＴｉＯ２的光催化性能有明显的影响，特别是Ｃｅ＾４＋、Ｌａ＾３＋等能明显提高ＴｉＯ２的光催活性，并讨论了催化剂的制备，光降解条件诸因素对光降解久效磷的影响。     

WO3/TiO2复合半导体的光催化性能研究

采用Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ法制备ＷＯ３／ＴｉＯ２纳米粉末,以高压汞灯为光源,亚甲基蓝溶液的光催降为模型反应,结果表明,掺入ＷＯ３摩尔比为２％时,ＷＯ３／ＴｉＯ２的光活性最高;随着热处理温升高,ＷＯ３／ＴｉＯ光活性增强;     

溶胶-凝胶工艺制备掺铅TiO_2纳米薄膜及其光催化性能的研究

通过ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ工艺在玻璃表面制得了均匀透明的掺铅和未掺铅ＴｉＯ２纳米薄膜；在宏观上，膜层表面光滑平整；在微观上，ＴｉＯ２薄膜由ＴｉＯ２球形颗粒组成，其颗粒大小在５０～１５０ｎｍ范围内。掺铅ＴｉＯ２镀膜玻璃在紫外光附近的透光率明显小于未掺铅ＴｉＯ２镀膜玻璃的透光率，这说明掺铅ＴｉＯ２镀膜玻璃对紫外光具有明显的吸收。敌敌畏水溶液的光摧化降解实验表明，掺铅ＴｉＯ２镀膜玻璃对有机磷农药的光解率明显高于未掺铅ＴｉＯ２镀膜玻璃的光解率。这为进一步提高ＴｉＯ２的光催化效率开辟了新的途径。     

载体对负载钯催化剂的CO氧化活性的影响

采用ＣＯ－ＴＰＳＲ和ＣＯ氧化活性测试等方法考察了不同载体对Ｐｄ催化剂的ＣＯ表面氧化性能的影响，结果表明，载体对Ｐｄ催化剂的ＣＯ氧化性能、ＣＯ吸附能力影响很大，ＣＯ的吸附能力顺序为Ｐｄ／ＣｅＯ２（吸附量、０．５９ｍｌ／１００ｍｇ）〉Ｐｄ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３（吸附量：０．０５２ｍＬ／１００ｍｇ）〉Ｐｄ／ＴｉＯ２（吸附量：０．００１ｍＬ／１００ｍｇ），催化剂的ＣＯ氧化活性与ＣＯ吸附能力有很好的对应关系，尤其是Ｐ     

附着态半导体光催化剂光解可溶性染料的研究

以３００Ｗ中压汞灯和日光为光源，研究了将ＴｉＯ２等半导体粉末附着在海砂和玻璃表面对直接耐晒大红４ＢＳ（下简称４ＢＳ）、活性黑ＫＮ－Ｂ（下简称ＫＮ－Ｂ）和亚甲基蓝（下简称ＭＢ）水溶液的催化光解。结果表明：几种染料均显光解；光解为一级动力学反应；附着复合的ＴｉＯ２－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＯ２－ＷＯ３比附着单一的ＴｉＯ２光催化效果好；附着态ＴｉＯ２重复使用１５次（每次８ｈ）后催化能力降低１７．９％。以基态电     

水泥负载TiO2光催化降解染料水溶液的研究

研究了以ＴｉＯ２为催化剂，且将ＴｉＯ２涂布在模拟工业水处理浅池的水泥质池底表面，以直管高压汞灯为光源，对有机染料酸性玫瑰红Ｂ和晒化绿Ｂ进行光催化降解的可行性。结果表明，在实验条件下，本系统对以上染料有显著的光降解作用，浓度为２５ｍｇ／Ｌ的上述二种染料溶液，经３０ｍｉｎ光照，其降解率分别达８８．２％，此外，还探讨了染料浓度，染料体积、染料溶液ＰＨ值等因素对光降解的影响。     

SnO2-TiO2负载CuO催化剂的CO氧化催化性能

对２种ｎ－型半导体的复合氧化物负载的氧化铜催化剂的ＣＯ氧化催化性能进行了研究,采用程序升温反应方法,得到ＣＯ转化率随反应温度的变化曲线,ＣＯ最低全转化温度越低,活性越好。考察了载体的不同制备方法如成胶方法、干燥方法,焙烧温度以及不同ＳｎＯ２：ＴｉＯ２摩尔比对ＣＯ２氧化性能的影响。     

TiO2膜固载型多孔催化剂的光催化分解试验

以多孔基质为载体,用溶胶-凝胶法制备出载ＴｉＯ２薄膜的多孔型光催化剂。用Ｘ射线衍射和扫描电镜对催化剂的物相和形貌进行了表征，此催化剂能在光照下分解水溶液中四环素抗菌素。经１ｈ光照，四环素的分解率可达８５％左右。     

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 containing anatase nanoparticles and rutile nanoflower structure consisting of nanorods

A series of TiO2 with different crystal phases and morphologies was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process using titanium nbutoxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid as raw materials. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by degradation of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under UV-Visible light irradiation. On the basis of detailed analysis of the characterizing results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, it was concluded that the photo-activity of the catalyst is related directly to the 3D morphology and the crystal phase composition. An excellent catalyst should have both a futile 3D flower-like structure and anatase granulous particles. The 3D flower-like structure could enhance light harvesting, as well as the transfer of reactant molecules from bulk solution to the reactive sites on TiO2. In addition, the optimum anatase/rutile phase ratio was found to be 80：20, which is beneficial to the effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs.     

四环素光催化降解特性与选择性研究

研究了盐酸四环素的光催化降解行为,结果表明四环素光催化降解反应符合一级反应动力学方程,吸附过程为整个光催化降解的控制步骤,推断四环素的主要降解途径是吸附在二氧化钛(TiO2)表面发生光催化氧化反应.同时,通过对四环素与磺胺甲唑或阿莫西林混合样品的降解实验表明,改变pH、TiO2投加量等因素,两种抗生素的降解表现出了明显的选择性.     

CuO-TiO2/导电聚合物纤维复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

利用高压静电纺丝技术,制得含羧基的导电聚合物纤维(聚偏氟乙烯/苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物/纳米石墨).水热条件下在纤维表面原位合成了纳米级的TiO2,再通过水热法在TiO2表面制备了微米级的球形CuO颗粒,得到CuO-TiO2/导电聚合物纤维复合材料.运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱仪(UV-Vis)和热失重分析(TGA)对复合材料的结构与性能进行表征,并利用氙灯模拟太阳光进行光催化降解次甲基蓝实验.结果发现,CuO-TiO2/导电聚合物纤维复合材料的降解效率高于CuO-TiO2/非导电聚合物纤维、CuO-TiO2粉体和Degussa P25,光催化降解3.5h时,次甲基蓝的残留率为4.7％.     

甲基橙溶液多相光催化降解研究

利用中压汞灯作为光源,在ＴｉＯ２粉末悬浆体系内,以甲基橙溶液光降解脱色速率为例,探讨间歇式电光源圆柱形光化学反应器的运行情况及影响因素．分别考察了使用３００Ｗ和５００Ｗ中压汞灯、石英和玻璃冷阱、甲基橙溶液温度在２０℃或５０℃、不同ＴｉＯ２催化剂以及不同催化剂投加量对甲基橙溶液脱色速率的影响．从而得出在现有电光源圆柱形反应器的最佳运行条件下,２０ｍｇ／Ｌ的甲基橙溶液光照１０ｍｉｎ,脱色率达９７．４％．     

BiOCl/TiO2的氯化改性及其新式光生自由基催化反应

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了BiOCl/TiO₂复合催化剂,透射电镜（TEM）照片显示,两种半导体分布均匀、相互连接,形成的异质结可以为电子传导提供有效通道.经过氯化处理的复合材料具备更强的光催化能力,在紫外光条件下对苯的降解率达到90%,是原BiOCl/TiO₂的2倍、纯TiO₂的10倍.本文利用X射线光电子能谱、红外光谱和电子顺磁共振,对表面氯化的机理进行研究.结果表明,氯元素以Ti—Cl的方式吸附在催化剂表面,在光照条件下光生空穴夺取一个电子,使其生成氯自由基,进而配合超氧、羟基,构成一种新型的三自由基光催化体系,使催化降解能力大幅提升.最后,利用实验方法得到了光生氯自由基的直接证据,并构建了该体系的光催化反应机理.     

Surface modification of polypropylene non-woven fibers with TiO2 nanoparticles via layer-by-layer self assembly method: Preparation and photocatalytic activity

Polypropylene (PP) meltblown fibers were coated with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles using layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique. The fibers were first modified with 3 layers of poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS) and poly(diallyl-dimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) to improve the anchoring of the TiO₂ nanoparticle clusters. PDADMAC, which is positively charged, was then used as counter polyelectrolyte in tandem with anionic TiO₂ nanoparticles to construct TiO₂/PDADMAC bilayer in the LbL fashion. The number of deposited TiO₂/PDADMAC layers was varied from 1 to 7 bilayer, and could be used to adjust TiO₂ loading. The LbL technique showed higher TiO₂ loading efficiency than the impregnation approach. The modified fibers were tested for their photocatalytic activity against a model dye, Methylene Blue (MB). Results showed that the TiO₂ modified fibers exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity efficiency similar to that of TiO₂ powder dispersed in solution. The deposition of TiO₂ 3 bilayer on the PP substrate was sufficient to produce nanocomposite fibers that could bleach the MB solution in less than 4 hr. TiO₂-LbL constructions also preserved TiO₂ adhesion on substrate surface after 1 cycle of photocatalytic test. Successive photocatalytic test showed decline in MB reduction rate with loss of TiO₂ particles from the substrate outer surface. However, even in the third cycle, the TiO₂ modified fibers are still moderately effective as it could remove more than 95% of MB after 8 hr of treatment.     

光催化氧化法处理染料中间体H酸水溶液

为了去除水中难氧化的有害染料中间体Ｈ酸,研究以ＴＩＯ２、ＺｎＯ、ＣｄＳ和Ｆｅ２Ｏ３为催化剂,采用低压汞灯为光源,对Ｈ酸水溶液进行光催化氧化实验．结果表明：ＴｉＯ２和ＣｄＳ的催化效果最好．采用ＴｉＯ２作催化剂,光催化氧化５ｈ后,Ｈ酸分解率可达９０％,反应速率遵从Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ－Ｈｉｎｓｈｅｌｗｏｏｄ方程,Ｋ＝１２．３Ｌ／ｍｍｏｌ,ｋ＝２５．２×１０－６ｍｏｌ／ｈ．溶液中投加１０ｍｇ／Ｌ的Ｆｅ３＋或Ａｇ＋,可使反应时间缩短２—３ｈ．研究探讨了ｐＨ、ＴｉＯ２投加量和Ｈ酸浓度对催化氧化过程的影响．     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of fish scale loaded TiO2 composites under solar light irradiation

Fish scale (FS) loaded TiO₂ composites were investigated as photocatalysts in degradation of Methyl Orange under solar light irradiation. Composites were prepared through sol-gel method by varying mass ratio of TiO₂/FS at 90:10, 70:30 and 50:50, respectively. The catalysts prepared in this study were characterized by using XRD, SEM, FT-IR and nitrogen sorption. The effects of solar irradiation, mass ratio of TiO₂/FS composites, irradiation time and catalyst loadings were studied. Synergistic effect was found in TiO₂/FS of 90:10 composite which performed higher photocatalytic degradation than synthesized TiO₂ under solar light irradiation. However, further increasing fish scale content in the composites reduced the photocatalytic activity drastically. Under solar light irradiation, all the catalysts in this study exhibited photocatalytic activity, except TiO₂/FS of 50:50 composite that only acted as a weak biosorbent without performing any photocatalytic property. Photocatalytic degradation increased with increasing catalyst loading and irradiation time but decreased with increased of initial dye concentration.     

Tricrystalline TiO2 with enhanced photocatalytic activity and durability for removing volatile organic compounds from indoor air

It is important to develop efficient and economic techniques for removing volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in indoor air. Heterogeneous Ti O_2-based semiconductors are a promising technology for achieving this goal. Anatase/brookite/rutile tricrystalline Ti O_2 with mesoporous structure was synthesized by a low-temperature hydrothermal route in the presence of HNO_3.The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and N_2 adsorption–desorption isotherm. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic decomposition of toluene in air under UV light illumination. The results show that tricrystalline Ti O_2 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity and durability toward gaseous toluene than bicrystalline Ti O_2,due to the synergistic effects of high surface area, uniform mesoporous structure and junctions among mixed phases. The tricrystalline Ti O_2 prepared at R HNO_3= 0.8, containing80.7% anatase, 15.6% brookite and 3.7% rutile, exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity,about 3.85-fold higher than that of P25. The high activity did not significantly degrade even after five reuse cycles. In conclusion, it is expected that our study regarding gas-phase degradation of toluene over tricrystalline Ti O_2 will enrich the chemistry of the Ti O_2-based materials as photocatalysts for environmental remediation and stimulate further research interest on this intriguing topic.     

TiO2-PW9复合催化剂光催化降解游离氰

采用水热法制备了二氧化钛(TiO_2)与三缺位磷钨酸钠(Na_8H[β-A-PW_9O_(34)]·24H_2O)共价结合形成的TiO_2-PW_9复合催化剂,并对其光催化降解游离氰(CN~-)的效果进行了研究.NMR和XPS等表征结果证明,Na_8H[β-A-PW_9O_(34)]·24H_2O(简写为Na-PW_9)已成功负载于TiO_2上.光电化学表征结果表明,Na-PW_9的引入可有效提高TiO_2的界面电荷转移.光催化实验结果表明,与单独TiO_2相比,TiO_2-PW_9的光催化活性有明显提高.同时,探究了初始CN~-浓度和催化剂投加量对CN~-去除的影响.结果表明,当初始CN~-浓度为0.3 mmol·L~(-1)、催化剂投加量为1 g·L~(-1)时,复合催化剂的光催化活性最佳,反应150 min后,CN~-的去除率达到81%.CN~-的氧化产物分析结果表明,氰酸根(CNO~-)是CN~-氧化的唯一产物.自由基淬灭实验和电子自旋共振(ESR)波谱分析结果表明,~1O_2是反应体系中的主要活性氧物种.本实验可为多功能催化材料的开发及其在含氰废水污染控制领域的应用提供参考.