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化学事故有许多种类,在生产过程中造成的事故、在使用过程中造成的事故、在运输过程中造成的事故等。目前我国有28万多家化工企业,生产从业人员超过500万人。随着化学工业的快速发展,我国重特大化学事故发生频率逐年上升。国家安全生产监督管理局统计显示,2000年发生化学事故514起,死亡785人;2002年发生化学事故592起,死亡873 相似文献
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针对电网稳控通道配置中存在的问题,按照“十八项”反事故措施具体要求,对现状进行了详细分析,并提出了相应的改进措施。应用结果表明:改进措施有效提高了稳控通道的可靠性和合理性,使其安全性得到显著提升。 相似文献
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矿山灾害系统的脆性关联分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用脆性理论来研究矿山灾害系统.从人、机、环境及运作管理等子系统出发,以矿山灾害事故与各子系统的脆性联系为着眼点,建立了矿山事故脆性关联分析模型,并根据矿山生产的特点,提出了相应的脆性因子.最后以某矿为例,计算出矿山事故与各子系统间的脆性联系熵值,并就结果进行了分析.结果表明应用复杂系统脆性理论研究矿山灾害,找出影响矿山灾害的脆性因子对于预防事故的发生具有重要意义;同时,脆性波动熵变化范围表明运作管理对于控制事故的发生有更大的操作空间. 相似文献
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地铁盾构坍塌事故中施工人员安全能力分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
地铁项目大规模建设的同时,灾难性的施工事故不断发生。施工人员的不安全行为是事故发生的直接因素,但是,不安全行为正是安全能力匮乏的外在表现。施工人员安全能力的强弱直接影响到是否发生施工事故。在构建施工人员安全能力模型的基础上,分析了施工人员安全能力的形成机理。同时,通过分析地铁施工事故原因,认为地铁施工人员安全能力的大小就体现在施工人员感觉到事故隐患、做出事故隐患危险判断,进而对事故隐患进行正确响应的过程中,并对导致盾构法坍塌事故的事故隐患进行了分析。最后,以一个实际发生的盾构法施工坍塌事故为例,分析了施工人员安全能力在事故发生过程中的体现,从而准确确定了施工人员出现失误的时段,以保障地铁施工安全。 相似文献
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Psomas S 《Disasters》1990,14(4):301-308
A mathematical model named DISASTER was applied in the Thessaloniki area for the assessment of potential hazards resulting from major accidents in local chemical industries. Some of these hazards are too severe to ignore and immediate measures are therefore required. Such measures need to comply with the EEC Directive 82/501/EEC on major accidents. The implementation of the Directive by the Greek authorities is examined and discussed. 相似文献
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分析了我国大型社会活动安全事故的成因,研究了组织、环境、设备、人等因素在大型社会活动安全事故中的作用,得出了大型社会活动安全事故成因机理,在此基础上,介绍了大型社会活动安全事故预警模型的组织、监控系统,并规范了各组织的职责,最终设计了大型社会活动安全事故预警系统的工作流程。 相似文献
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This paper expands on air travel accident research by examining the relationship between air travel accidents and airline traffic or volume in the period from 1927–2006. The theoretical model is based on a representative airline company that aims to maximise its profits, and it utilises a fractional integration approach in order to determine whether there is a persistent pattern over time with respect to air accidents and air traffic. Furthermore, the paper analyses how airline accidents are related to traffic using a fractional cointegration approach. It finds that airline accidents are persistent and that a (non‐stationary) fractional cointegration relationship exists between total airline accidents and airline passengers, airline miles and airline revenues, with shocks that affect the long‐run equilibrium disappearing in the very long term. Moreover, this relation is negative, which might be due to the fact that air travel is becoming safer and there is greater competition in the airline industry. Policy implications are derived for countering accident events, based on competition and regulation. 相似文献
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道路交通事故灾害的分析与对策 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
我国发生的交通事故次数、伤亡人数、经济损失一直呈现高速增长趋势.道路交通事故是一种人为灾害,本文分析了决定道路交通事故的人、车、路等关联因素,指出超载运输是当前及今后威胁我国道路交通安全的主要问题,减轻交通事故灾害的关键是提高人的素质和依靠法制进行科学管理. 相似文献
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Until quite recently, snow avalanches in Britain had caused only a few deaths and the occasional destruction of property. Since about 1950, however, the number of people involved in avalanche accidents has risen sharply, particularly in Scotland. The main reason for this has been the growing popularity of mountaineering. This paper examines the situation in the Glen Nevis and Glen Coe areas of the Western Highlands. The types of avalanche occurring at these localities are briefly discussed and relationships between avalanche characteristics and accidents are examined. Mountaineers are the group chiefly responsible for the increase of avalanche deaths and injuries in the Glen Nevis and Glen Coe areas. Responses to the hazard are considered and these are shown to be inadequate. As elsewhere in Scotland, much more research is needed if a further worsening of the problem is to be avoided. 相似文献