“互联网+电商”背景下基于多功能开放型供需网的街区适宜尺度研究

封闭式小区制约着我国经济结构的重要调整,影响着我国供给侧改革的实施进程。在"互联网+电商"背景下,针对现有封闭小区增加电商物流成本,不能适应新经济的发展这一现状和开放式小区街区适宜尺度的测度问题,结合实际生活,借鉴供需网的相关知识,对街区和街区尺度内涵进行了界定,对街区尺度的演化动力机制进行了探讨,构建了基于供需网的街区适宜尺度判定要素模型。以上海市杨浦区5个小区为例,对其进行了实证研究,验证了上述模型的可行性。研究发现:在"互联网+电商"背景下,基于多功能开放型供需网的街区适宜尺度模型可有效测度街区尺度,为街区开放的判定提供一定的依据。基于上述研究,针对新建开放式小区和已有封闭小区的逐步打开方式应注意的问题提出了建议。     

供给侧改革背景下街区开放策略演化分析——以资源共享为视角

封闭式小区既割裂了城市的发展,又制约着我国经济结构的调整,影响着我国供给侧改革的实施进程。在供给侧改革背景下,为了探究街区开放策略演化问题,从资源共享这一视角出发,综合考虑政府奖励、资源投入、资源共享、开放成本、开放风险等几个因素,构建了街区开放策略演化模型。基于上述模型,对街区开放这一复杂博弈行为进行了探讨。在上述理论分析的基础上,利用数值仿真和算例分析对影响街区开放的有关因素进行了分析。研究发现:街区开放的策略选择不但与构建模型的初始支付矩阵有关,而且与构建模型的初始参数设置有关;在一定范围内,增大政府奖励、减少开放成本、降低开放风险有利于街区的开放。基于上述研究结果,提出政策建议,以期为街区开放提供参考意见。     

快速城镇化背景下迅速扩张型城市空间演化时空特征及驱动力机制——以合肥市为例

利用合肥市1997年、2001年、2005年、2009年、2013年和2017年遥感数据源,提取相应年份的城市建成区扩展信息,从扩展速度、扩展强度、紧凑度、分形维数、城市建成区扩展弹性指数和空间重心转移等方面对城市空间演化时空特征进行分析,选取14个指标构建主成分模型,结合城市发展背景,研究城市空间演化驱动力机制,同时利用多元回归模型预测合肥市未来建成区面积。结果表明:合肥市城市扩展速度与强度均保持较快增长,城市整体向外部不断扩张,重心向东南方向转移,但城市空间扩张与人口处于不协调的发展模式;经济、人口、交通和政策为城市空间演化主要驱动力;合肥市建成区面积保持较快增长,迅速扩张型城市未来空间扩展模式应以多中心扩展模式为主,进行以轴向发展为主的多中心城市结构的转变,同时注重城市空间的内涵式更新。     

合肥市颗粒物时空分布特征及其气象成因研究

利用2014—2015年合肥市颗粒物浓度及气象观测资料,对合肥市颗粒物浓度时空分布特征及其与气象要素的关系进行了分析。结果表明:2015年,合肥市PM10、PM2.5日均浓度均呈现"一增一减"趋势;PM10与PM2.5日均浓度分布季节差异明显,呈现"V"型特征;在空间分布上,PM2.5的浓度主城区高于周边地区,PM10浓度北部整体高于南部;PM10与PM2.5浓度与降水量、相对湿度、风速和风向均有一定相关性。     

一个环保“老兵”的农村环保观察

正刘辉,合肥市包河区环保局局长。从1989年进入原合肥市东市区环境监理站工作算起,刘辉已经在环保战线上战斗了二十五年,是个环保"老兵"了。尽管对环保工作驾轻就熟,但是说起农村环境的治理,刘辉坦言这并不是一项简单的工作。     

包河区:“河长制”谱写治水新篇章

合肥市包河区因水得名、因水而兴,其辖区内的包河、十五里河、南淝河、塘西河、派河"五河并流",并有数百条沟渠,最终流入巢湖。5月28日上午,当记者来到十五里河的金寨路桥下时,两个排污口已经进行了截污整治,告别了以往污水直排的现象。这一直观的变化,得益于今年3月包河区在合肥市率先实施的"河长制"。     

环境教育在学校，绿色教育正当时——安徽省合肥市朝霞小学资源节约型校园创建纪实

正合肥市朝霞小学位于经开区明珠广场附近,毗邻徽园。学校创建于1949年,现有学生1500余人,教师87人,教师队伍素质过硬,本科以上学历近90%,其中24人获区市级"骨干教师""学科带头人"称号。近年来,朝霞小学取得了优异的办学成绩,先后荣获"全国生态文明教育示范学校""安徽省防震减灾科普示范校""安徽省绿色学校""安徽省家教名校""合肥市特色小学""合肥市素质教育示范校"等50多项     

我国环境司法专门化相关问题研究

随着我国经济的腾飞,人与自然、社会与自然的矛盾日益尖锐,环境污染事故频发。但是我国环境司法专门化面临环境立法滞后,环境法庭设置与管辖不相适应,环境司法专门化目前只局限于审判的专门化,缺乏良好的司法环境等困境。基于我国部分省市实现环境司法专门化的现状,通过环境立法、环境法庭管辖等制度的完善,提出实现环境司法专门化中审判专门化及构建环保警察制度、环保检察处等相关制度的路径。     

铁腕治水 “河长”上任

安徽合肥市辖区内纵横交错近20条河流,这些河流被称为城市的"毛细血管"。2013年6月4日公布的《2012年安徽省环境状况公报》显示,合肥这些"毛细血管"或多或少都出现了问题,很多河流断面属重度污染。2011年8月,巢湖划归合肥管辖,合肥水环境治理的任务更加艰巨。面对种种困境,合肥市誓要狠干一番,在全市全面推行"河长制"。     

“心育”理念引领发展，生态教育彰显特色——安徽省长丰县阿奎利亚学校资源节约型校园创建纪实

正安徽省长丰县阿奎利亚学校建校于2009年9月,是一所九年一贯制学校,学校现有四个校区,近6000名学生、300名教师、110个班级。经过10年的发展,学校先后获得"全国生态文明教育特色学校""安徽省防震减灾示范校""安徽省心理健康教育示范学校""合肥市绿色学校""合肥市平安校园""合肥市特色学校"等荣誉称号,成为合肥北城地区一所家长高度认可的著名学校。阿奎利亚学校注重对孩子心灵的引领,创新提出绿色"心育·乐学"教育理念,突出"心育"文化特色,追求绿色和谐的心灵教     

The significance and praxis of community-based sustainability projects: Community gardens in western Australia

Sustainability projects initiated by community groups can be significant in their contribution to the overall process of Local Agenda 21 planning and in their substantive contribution to sustainable communities. Community gardens differ from public gardens in that they are managed by community members rather than by local governments, although they may be located on council land. Community gardens vary in type from collections of individual plots to large-scale collaborative projects for the benefit of the wider community. Their roles include the production of fresh organic food; the creation of community places; and the use and dissemination of community science and innovative technologies. This paper reviews the types and roles of community gardens, and provides a case study of a community garden in Western Australia. It analyses the lessons learned from this particular case and the potential contribution of community gardens to Local Agenda 21 planning and to physical, ecological, sociocultural and economic sustainability.     

The significance and praxis of community‐based sustainability projects: Community gardens in western Australia

Abstract

Sustainability projects initiated by community groups can be significant in their contribution to the overall process of Local Agenda 21 planning and in their substantive contribution to sustainable communities. Community gardens differ from public gardens in that they are managed by community members rather than by local governments, although they may be located on council land. Community gardens vary in type from collections of individual plots to large‐scale collaborative projects for the benefit of the wider community. Their roles include the production of fresh organic food; the creation of community places; and the use and dissemination of community science and innovative technologies. This paper reviews the types and roles of community gardens, and provides a case study of a community garden in Western Australia. It analyses the lessons learned from this particular case and the potential contribution of community gardens to Local Agenda 21 planning and to physical, ecological, sociocultural and economic sustainability.     

Urban Domestic Gardens (XIV): The Characteristics of Gardens in Five Cities

Domestic gardens make substantial contributions to the provision of green space in urban areas. However, the ecological functions provided by such gardens depend critically on their configuration and composition. Here, we present the first detailed analysis of variation in the composition of urban gardens, in relation to housing characteristics and the nature of the surrounding landscape, across different cities in the United Kingdom. In all five cities studied (Belfast, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Leicester, and Oxford), garden size had an overwhelming influence on garden composition. Larger gardens supported more of the land-use types recorded, in greater extents, and were more likely to contain particular features, including tall trees and mature shrubs, areas of unmown grass and uncultivated land, vegetable patches, ponds, and composting sites. The proportional contribution of non-vegetated land-uses decreased as garden area increased. House age was less significant in determining the land-use within gardens, although older houses, which were more likely to be found further from the urban edge of the city, contained fewer hedges and greater areas of vegetation canopy >2 m in height. Current UK government planning recommendations will ultimately reduce the area of individual gardens and are thus predicted to result in fewer tall trees and, in particular, less vegetation canopy >2 m. This might be detrimental from ecological, aesthetic, social, and economic stand points.     

Greener growing: assessing the influence of gardening practices on the ecological viability of community gardens in South East Queensland,Australia

While claims about the environmental benefits of community gardens abound, few researchers have systematically assessed the ecological integrity of gardening practices. This study investigated gardening practices in 50 community gardens in Brisbane and Gold Coast cities, Australia. The study aimed to better understand how gardening practices might affect the ecological viability of community gardens. Factors investigated included: garden bio-physical characteristics, operators’ motivations, gardeners’ socio-demographic backgrounds, garden facilities and types of plants grown. Two broad types of gardens were identified: permaculture (21 gardens) and non-permaculture (29 gardens). Permaculture gardens used lower-impact gardening practices. Findings have policy implications for environmental planning and management.     

Community gardening: cultivating subjectivities,space, and justice

Community gardens have been lauded for being inherently resistant to neoliberalism and criticised for underwriting it. To move beyond this either/or debate, we need to employ more focused lenses and specify both the processes of neoliberalisation at play and the outcomes they can produce. This paper explores the ways in which neoliberal processes of privatisation, state entrepreneurialism, and devolution intersect with community gardens, and the subjectivities that may be cultivated, the spaces that may be created and the types of justice that may be advanced as a result. It argues that certain characteristics and orientations of gardens are more conducive to resisting neoliberalism. These include the cultivation of producer, citizen, and activist subjectivities (over those of consumer, entrepreneur, and volunteer); the elevation of the use value of shared lived space (over a site’s potential exchange value) and the advancement of spatial justice through community access to non-privatised space; and food justice, through non-commodified means of obtaining food. Holding these ends in mind can help ensure that proponents of community gardening sow the seeds of the fruits they most wish to reap.     

城市边缘旅游新区的开发模式--以西安曲江新区为例

作为城市边缘的旅游新区开发,既是城市化发展的需要,也是提升区域旅游业竞争力的要求.开发旅游新区,整合区域旅游资源,打造旅游特色,已成为各个区域旅游业发展的必然选择.以西安曲江旅游新区的开发为例证,从新区功能定位、空间组织以及旅游特色塑造等方面阐释了城市新区的开发模式,即功能定位的"三维视角","主-次中心组团式"的空间组织模式以及旅游产品开发的"三优模式",可为其它城市边缘旅游新区的开发提供可资借鉴的典型案例.     

An analysis of the effect of public policy on community garden organisations in Edinburgh

Several community gardens have been developed in Edinburgh over the past five years, which reflects renewed interest in “grow your own” projects, and the recognition of the associated environmental and social health benefits they provide. Community gardens have been included in a range of policy documents at national and local levels, acknowledging their contribution to sustainable food systems, health and well-being and environment and biodiversity. This research explores how public policy influences community garden practice and, reflexively, how organisations running community gardens in the third sector are represented in public policy frameworks. A mixed methodology of desk-based research of policy documents, associated reports and academic literature; and informal interviews with community gardens staff and organisers was utilised. It was found that while community gardens are represented in policy, at a national level the framing of community gardens and related food growing projects as “alternative” hinders their full potential. Community gardens fulfil a wide range of policy goals, particularly in the health, social capital and well-being sectors which can minimise their capacity to contribute to local food production in a substantial way. It is proposed that community gardens could be normalised by promoting gardens in visible locations in neighbourhoods and within local plans; and through reflexive strategic and community action utilising a reasoning backwards approach to planning and funding.     

Urban Domestic Gardens: The Effects of Human Interventions on Garden Composition

Private domestic gardens contribute substantially to the biodiversity of urban areas and benefit human health and well-being. We previously reported a study of 267 gardens across five cities in the United Kingdom in which variation in geographical and climatic factors had little bearing on the richness, diversity and composition of plant species. We therefore hypothesise that garden management is an important factor in determining garden characteristics. Here, from the same sample of gardens, we investigate potential associations between the uses to which people put their gardens, the types of management activities they undertake, and the characteristics of those gardens. Householders (n = 265) completed a questionnaire detailing various aspects of garden use and management activities. The majority of respondents used their gardens chiefly for relaxation, recreation, and eating. Fewer than one fifth included “gardening” amongst their garden uses even though all performed some garden management, suggesting that not all management activity resulted from an interest in gardening. Garden-watering and lawn-mowing were the most prevalent activities and were predictors of other types of management including weeding, vegetation-cutting, leaf-collection, and dead-heading flowers. A number of these activities were associated with one another, the richness and composition of plant species, and the number of land uses in gardens. However, relationships between management activities and the amount of tall vegetation were less consistent, and garden management appeared to be independent of garden area. More species of amphibians, birds, and mammals were observed in gardens with ponds and in which efforts were made to attract wildlife, particularly by providing drinking water. This study supports the hypothesis that garden use and management is associated with garden characteristics.     

创意产业集聚区外部交往空间规划探索——“心理-行为-空间”互动视角下的实证研究

创意产业集聚区在促进创意产业发展、优化城市空间结构等方面具有重要意义，而以满足创意阶层特征和需求的创意产业集聚区内部公共空间规划的研究相对较少。从创意阶层交往的“心理-行为-空间”这一互动视角出发，选取南京具有代表性的“创意东8区”为研究对象，通过调查问卷、深入访谈和实地观察对创意阶层的“交往心理-交往行为-交往空间”进行了研究。在此基础上，从人口交往空间、中心交往空间、节点交往空间、道路交往空间等方面提出符合创意阶层心理和行为特征，并能促进交往产生的外部交往空间规划设计建议。     

Justice in development? An analysis of water interventions in the rural South

This paper explores a fruitful convergence between the distributive and procedural dimensions of environmental justice theory and current debates in the field of development studies over capitals and capabilities, institutions, and discourse formation to shed new light on natural resource management projects in the developing world. Specifically, we document the planning and implementation of two types of water interventions in two contrasting regions: watershed development programmes in northeast India and small reservoirs in sub‐Saharan West Africa. We find that there is a contradiction between the inherently political nature of water interventions and the fact that such projects remain grounded in apolitical, technical and managerial narratives. In contrast to the new semantic of development, this depoliticization results in the near absence of attention paid to procedural (participation and empowerment) and distributive (equity) justice concerns and in local actors having to revert to covert ways to achieve their ends. A constructive dialogue between development studies and environmental justice scholars can offer a fresh look on the society‐environment nexus in the developing world.