扁球壳体的整体无模成形理论与实验

对不同轴比和不同瓣数的不锈钢扁球壳体进行了整体无模胀形成形实验研究及理论探讨。首先介绍了壳体成形的几何调节原理和材料调节原理 ,讨论了扁球壳体的应力分布特点和塑性变形顺序。对实验壳体的尺寸变化、变形过程中的内外表面应变分布、变形前后的壁厚变化规律进行了测试分析 ,探讨了各种壳体的趋球变形过程 ,壳体的长短轴变化趋势及塑性变形规律。实验证明 ,在封闭扁球壳体内塑性趋球规律仍然起作用 ,扁球无模液压整体成形是一项有发展前途的新工艺     

特殊结构(带支柱)球罐整体无模成形工艺的实验研究

为了解决无模成形方法成形大型球罐的困难,此文提出了一种特殊结构的壳体,该壳体在胀形前已将支柱焊在球瓣上,并且针对赤道带瓣对接焊处成形困难问题提出了一种减少瓣间两面角的特殊工艺方法.此文针对这种壳体的无模成形技术进行了实验研究,并对应变分布、直径变化及柱脚在不同摩擦条件下位移进行了测量分析,指出了此种壳体的无模成形技术是可行的,并具有良好的经济性,为大型球罐的无模成形制造提供了技术依据.     

摩托车油箱外壳体整体成形工艺及模具设计

分析了摩托车油箱外壳体采用聚氨酯凸模整体冲压成形的工艺过程和特点,介绍了聚氨酯凸模的变形特点,给出了相应的模具结构及设计要点,提出了该方案今后的发展思路。采用这种结构和设计方法,能简化模具制造工艺,优化产品工艺,提高材料利用率,降低模具成本。     

管材无模成形温度场的数值模拟及分析

采用有限单元法并结合有限元分析软件 ,对管材无模成形时管材温度场进行数值模拟研究 ,得到管材无模拉伸变形过程中温度场分布规律 ,并对影响温度场的因素加以分析 ,如冷热源间距、冷热源移动速度、加载时间分别对温度场分布的影响 ,该模拟结果与实验结果相吻合。     

不锈钢棒材无模成形温度场有限元模拟

采用有限元法对不锈钢棒材无模成形温度场进行了研究 ,并利用有限元分析软件对其进行了模拟 ,该模拟结果很好地反映了拉伸件在整个变形过程中的温度分布规律 ,为无模成形的进一步研究提供了可靠的依据     

球形容器整体无模成形技术的研究进展

介绍了整体无模造球技术的原理和特点,材料及其要求,壳体胀形前的结构形状和特点及其应用和开发方向,工艺的实验测试和实验研究。并介绍了新工艺球罐在造纸、城市煤气工程、石油化工、化肥、建筑供水和建筑装饰方面的应用现状。指出这种技术在成形方式、材料应用和结构设计方面的发展方向及应用前景。     

任意变截面棒材无模拉伸数学模型的研究

无模拉伸是近年来新开发的一种金属成形工艺。此文在对无模拉伸的发展动态、国内外研究概况等进行综合分析的基础上,分析了任意变截面棒材无模拉伸的变形机制及成形可行性,提出了任意变截面棒材无模拉伸速度或冷热源移动速度的理论计算方法。并提出了几种抛物面棒材无模拉伸的速度模型。经过实验研究证明,此文提出的速度模型较好地表达了任意变截面棒材无模拉伸速度变化规律。     

盒形件积极摩擦反挤压研究

本文利用上限法对盒形件积极摩擦反挤压工艺进行了理论分析,并设计了专用模具对凹模整体移动和凹模短边移动两种方案的可行性和上限解进行实验验证。结果表明,上限解与实验值很接近,摩擦的积极作用可降低变形力并使变形更加均匀,所设计的模具结构可靠,可供生产中推广应用该工艺时参考。     

锥管件无模拉伸数学模型的研究

此文分析了锥形管件无模拉伸的变形机制,提出了锥管形件无模拉伸速度、冷热源移动速度的变化规律,对锥形管壁厚的变化也提出了相应的数学模型,并通过实验研究证明,本文提出的速度模型,较好地表达了锥形管件无模拉伸冷热源速度变化的规律.     

汽车门槛内板零件冲压数值模拟及参数优化

针对汽车覆盖件冲压变形复杂,成形工艺参数难以确定等特点,基于DYNAFORM软件对汽车门槛内板零件的拉延成形过程,及不同工艺参数对成形结果的影响进行了研究。用优化的工艺参数进行模拟验证,从而为工艺设计和试模提供理论指导。     

The unusual mineral vaterite in shells of the freshwater bivalve Corbicula fluminea from the UK

Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea) with abnormally thickened shell valves were found in four rivers in the UK (Rivers Yare, Waveney, Thames and New Bedford River). The material making up these malformations was the rare calcium carbonate polymorph vaterite. Vaterite is seldom found in the natural environment because it is less stable than the other calcium carbonate polymorphs (aragonite and calcite). In the few reported cases of vaterite formation in molluscs, it is usually related to unusual biomineralisation events such as shell regeneration, pearls and initial stages of shell formation. We compared two populations from the Rivers Yare and Waveney in the Norfolk Broads, UK, one (River Waveney) displaying dominantly the normal Corbicula shell form with aragonitic shells. In the River Yare population, all individuals sampled had shell deformations to different extents. These deformations were apparent as bulges on the inside of the ventral shell margin. X-ray diffraction confirmed that the shell material in the bulges of recently collected clams was vaterite. Other parts of the deformed shells were aragonitic. The shell deformations alter the shell morphology, leading to higher and wider shells. The shell microstructure is fibrous in the vateritic parts and crossed-lamellar in the aragonitic parts of deformed or non-deformed shells. The cause for the malformations is probably a disrupted biomineralisation process in the bivalves. Fossil Corbicula specimens from the late Pleistocene had similar deformations, suggesting that this is not a response to anthropogenic causes, such as pollution.     

An analysis of wire manufacture using the dieless drawing method

An experimental program of a novel wire manufacturing process known as dieless drawing has been conducted. The process has the capability to effect a reduction in the diameter of a wire without the use of conventional wire drawing dies. Reduction in diameter is achieved by heating the wire, which is mechanically loaded parallel to its longitudinal axis, to a temperature that initiates plastic deformation. Both mathematical and finite element (FE) modeling of the process have been undertaken. An analysis of the wire deformation is presented and discussed. The maximum reduction in diameter achieved, effect of drawing velocity, temperature, and uniformity of resulting wire diameter are investigated. The mechanics and operational features of the experimental machine manufactured to facilitate the experimental program of dieless drawing are described. The mathematical model presented can be used to describe the occurrence of deformation during the process. This model has been validated by experiments carried out on the wire drawing machine. The primary observation from the experimental program was that uniformity of wire diameter after dieless drawing decreased with an increase in reduction ratio. Results obtained from the experimental work confirm that a complicated interdependence of the process parameters exists during the dieless drawing process.     

Mercury removal using ground and calcined mussel shell

We determined mercury retention on calcined and ground mussel shell, in presence and absence of phosphate, using batch and stirred flow chamber experiments. In batch experiments the calcined shell exhibited higher Hg adsorption, with good fitting to Freundlich equation （R^2： 0.925-0.978）; the presence of phosphate increased Hg adsorption; mercury desorption was 13% or lower, diminishing up to 2% under the presence of phosphates. In stirred flow chamber experiments calcined shell retained more Hg than ground shells （6300 vs. 4000-5200 μmol/kg）; Hg retention increased an additional 40% on calcined shell and up to an additional 70% on ground shells when phosphates were present; mercury desorption was quite similar in all shell types （20%-34%）, increasing up to 49%-60% in ground shells when phosphates were present. The higher Hg adsorption on calcined shell would be related to its calcite and dolomite concentrations; mercury-phosphate interactions would cause the increase in Hg retention when phosphates are present. Data on Hg desorption suggest that Hg retention was not easily reversible after batch experiments, increasing in the stirred flow chamber due to convective flow. Calcined and ground mussel shells could be recycled removing Hg from water, with the presence of phosphates in solution improving efficacy.     

基于人工智能的深潜耐压球壳应力场映射

目的 针对深潜耐压球壳在真实下潜过程中全局应力场难以直接获取的问题,提出一种基于人工智能的深潜耐压球壳应力场映射算法。方法 构建深潜耐压球壳有限元模型,并开展仿真分析。提出深潜耐压球壳监测布点方案,进而利用长短时记忆神经网络(Long-short Term Memory Network,LSTM),将测点应力信息作为输入,将全局应力场信息作为输出,构建深潜耐压球壳应力场映射模型。最后,对不同测点下的映射结果进行分析。结果 与模型试验结果相比,仿真误差小于2%。与DNN模型及BP模型相比,映射误差分别下降94.92%与97.76%。结论 所提映射算法可在部分测点失效的情况下仍可以保持较高精度。     

磁性龙虾壳吸附去除水中磷的特性

以四氧化三铁修饰的龙虾壳为吸附剂,研究其对水中磷的吸附特性.结果显示：4g/L磁性龙虾壳吸附除磷效率最佳,低浓度的含磷废水（≤20mg/L）的吸附除磷效率达到91.6%以上,磁性龙虾壳吸附除磷适宜的pH值范围广,共存离子（Cl^-、SO₄^2-、NO₃^-和HCO₃^-）对磁性龙虾壳吸附除磷的影响很小,其中HCO₃^-有微弱的抑制效果.Freundlich方程能很好地描述磷在磁性龙虾壳上的吸附行为,吸附过程很好地遵循准二级动力学模型.热力学分析表明磁性龙虾壳对磷的吸附过程是自发的.X射线衍射和傅里叶红外光谱分析进一步表明,磁性龙虾壳吸附除磷的主要机制是配位交换、静电作用和表面沉淀.     

热塑性成形唯象应力-应变本构方程

在高温实验基础上,提出一种建立材料高温塑性成形全过程的唯象本构关系的方法,获得42CrMo及T3两种典型材料的热塑性加工过程应力-应变本构方程。为材料成形工艺及数值模拟提供不可缺少的基本保障条件。     

生物壳体就位分析中存在的问题及研究进展

生物壳体碳酸盐的稳定氧、碳同位素已经被大量地应用在古气候、古环境研究中。几十年的研究取得了很多重大成果,但是在生物壳体的就位分析研究中仍存在以下几个主要问题:生物壳体氧、碳同位素的解释问题;生物壳体时间序列的确定问题;就位分析研究壳体剖面的选择问题等。解决这些问题对于利用生物壳体提取高分辨率的古气候环境信息至关重要。文章针对这些问题进行了论述,并介绍了国内外为解决这些问题出现的新的研究方法及其最新研究进展。     

利用塑性介质挤胀成形三通管接头变形力的研究

此文对利用塑性介质挤胀成形三通管接头变形力进行了实验研究。设计了一套挤胀成形三通管接头的通用装置,并利用此装置进行了三通挤胀成形实验。此研究给出了影响成形过程的一些重要参数。将理论结果与实验结果进行了对比,两者吻合较好。