酒石酸钾钠—乙二胺四乙酸二钠作掩蔽剂丁二酮肟测镍的方法研究

用吸光光度法研究了镍-丁二酮肟-过硫酸铵体系的显色条件和性质,在pH～12时,形成一种稳定的酒红色络合物,镍与丁二酮肟的组成比为1:3。ε_(470)=1.24×10~4。方法具有灵敏度较高,选择性好等特点.精密度试验C.V.在2.1～1.7％,准确度试验百分回收率为86.4～99.5％。已应用于电镀废水等中镍的测定,结果满意。     

国家环境保护总局文件环发[2001]110号关于发布《大气固定污染源镍的测定火焰原子吸收分光光度法》等十一项环境保护行业标准的公告

为贯彻《中华人民共和国环境保护法》,防治环境污染,保护和改善生活环境和生态环境,保障人体健康,加强环境管理,现批准《大气固定污染源镍的测定火焰原子吸收分光光度法》等十一项标准为环境保护行业标准。标准编号、名称如下：1.HJ/T63.1－2001 大气固定污染源镍的测定火焰原子吸收分光光度法2.HJ/T63.2－2001 大气固定污染源镍的测定石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法3.HJ/T63.3－2001 大气固定污染源镍的测定丁二酮肟－正丁醇萃取分光光度法4.HJ/T64.1－2001 大气固定污染源镉的测定火焰原子吸收分光光度法5.HJ/T64.2－2001 大气固定…     

2001年颁布的环境保护行业标准

序号名　　　　　　　　称　　　编　　号发布时间实施时间1辐射环境监测技术规范ＨＪ/Ｔ61 - 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 - 0 5- 2 82 0 0 1 - 0 8- 0 12饮食业油烟净化设备技术要求及检测技术规范ＨＪ/Ｔ62 - 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 - 0 6 - 0 6 2 0 0 1 - 0 8- 0 13大气固定污染源镍的测定火焰原子吸收分光光度法ＨＪ/Ｔ63 1 - 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 - 0 7- 2 72 0 0 1 - 1 1 - 0 14大气固定污染源镍的测定石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法ＨＪ/Ｔ63 2 - 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 - 0 7- 2 72 0 0 1 - 1 1 - 0 15大气固定污染源镍的测定丁二酮肟 -正丁醇萃取分光光度法ＨＪ/Ｔ…     

维生素C生产废水处理技术的研究进展

根据维生素C(VC)生产废水的成分复杂、浓度高等特点,介绍了目前国内外处理该类生产废水技术的研究进展,分析了利用好氧、厌氧和高级氧化技术处理VC生产废水的优缺点,并对VC生产废水的处理技术进行了展望。     

火焰原子吸收法测定土壤镍结果的不确定度评定

根据《土壤和沉积物铜、锌、铅、镍、铬的测定火焰原子吸收分光光度法HJ 491-2019》测定某土壤样品镍的含量,分析测试过程中不确定度的来源,并对样品测定结果进行不确定度的评定。测得样品中镍的含量为38. 7mg/kg,扩展不确定度为4. 30mg/kg (k=2)。采用新标准首次建立了火焰原子吸收法测定土壤镍含量的不确定度评定方法,得到标准曲线的配制和拟合过程、测量重复性是土壤镍含量不确定度的主要影响因素;为采取措施降低不确定度提供参考,为定量评价测量的质量提供帮助,为影响规范限度的符合性提供依据。     

电解铝生产废水回用处理中混凝剂的试验研究

通过全面分析电解铝生产废水来源、生产废水水质以及各类混凝剂的特性，优选三种混凝剂进行混凝试验，确定适用混凝剂的种类以及投加量，对电解铝生产废水处理工程具有广泛的应用价值。     

硝酸浓度及积分时间对火焰原子吸收法测定铁、锰、镍、铜和锌的影响研究

针对火焰原子吸收法测定铁、锰、镍、铜和锌时遇到的问题,考察了溶液中硝酸浓度及积分时间对测定结果的影响,发现保持标准系列与被测样品中的硝酸浓度一致有利于提高分析结果的准确性;采用5 s的积分时间可提高测定铁和镍的准确度和精密度。     

氧化铝行业水污染控制措施探讨

根据氧化铝行业生产用水及排污特点,结合某氧化铝生产企业生产废水的处理实践,推荐采用逆向洗涤赤泥和氢氧化铝,节约用水量;综合利用赤泥洗液和含碱废水;对生产用水设置循环水系统和二次利用水系统;设置生产废水处理站,氧化铝系统和热电厂的生产系统排水、循环水系统的排污水,以及化验等废水全部排入生产废水处理站处理,废水经处理后作为二次利用供水返回生产系统使用,通过综合利用生产废水,可以实现厂区废水的零排放,节约资源的同时,提高清洁生产水平,避免对环境造成污染。     

印制线路板生产废水处理最佳可行技术评估

结合《国家环境技术管理体系规划》及行业污染防治最佳可行技术的定义,分析了印制线路板生产废水处理常用技术的优缺点及适用性;探讨了印制线路板生产废水处理最佳可行技术研究的思路,并给出了印制线路板生产废水处理最佳可行技术评估筛选的原则、评估指标体系及评估过程应考虑的问题。     

成都市某厂镍,钴污染对居民体内镍,钴负荷影响的调查

镍和钴都是人体所必需的微量元素,但负荷过大则有害。1933年Bridge首先报道了镍污染对镍精炼工所造成鼻癌和肺癌的危害。随着工业的发展,镍和钴的应用日益增多,常造成环境污染,对居民健康亦能引起多方面的危害。大气中镍、钴污染主要经呼吸道进入人体,并迅速分布于全身各器官,且有一定的蓄积性。故选择发镍和发钴含量作为指标。我们于1988年5至6月对成都市某厂周观察区和对照区的中、小学生进行了发镍和发钴含量测定,以探索大气中镍,钴污染与人体负荷水平的关系。     

Nickel recovery/removal from industrial wastes: A review

Nickel is an important metal, heavily utilized in industry mainly due to its anticorrosion properties. As a consequence, nickel containing wastes such as spent batteries and catalysts, wastewater and bleed-off electrolytes are generated in various processes. These wastes could have a negative impact on the environment and human health if they contaminate soil, water and air. The present review addresses the environmental and economical aspects of nickel recovery/removal from various types of wastes. The main physico-chemical technologies for processing various effluents and wastewaters containing nickel are reviewed and discussed. Nickel recovery from spent batteries, catalysts, electronic waste and other sources is described. Hydrometallurgical approaches are emphasized. Recovery of nickel from wastes is important not only for economical aspects, but also for environmental protection.     

含镍废液中镍回收的研究

本文研究了强碱性条件下,以乙二胺为络合剂,用水合肼把二价镍离子还原为单质镍的方法。经过大量实验,镍粉的产率在99％以上,其纯度也在99％以上。通过这种方法,既回收了镍,又降低了对环境的污染,结果令人满意。     

The Selebi-Phikwe Nickel/Copper Mine in Botswana

The development of the Selebi-Phikwe nickel/copper mine from its inception to the commencement of production and the role of the various parties in the financing of the project are described. The project was launched with every expectation of financial success by the Government of Botswana and the mining companies involved. Unfortunately, from the beginning it was plagued by technical difficulties which led to cost overruns and by falling nickel/copper prices which led to negative cash flows. Shortages of capital and cash flow difficulties necessitated three separate re-structurings of the financial package.     

Phytoremediation of Soil Polluted by Nickel Using Agricultural Crops

Soil pollution due to heavy metals is widespread; on the world scale, it involves about 235 million hectares. The objectives of this research were to establish the uptake efficiency of nickel by some agricultural crops. In addition, we wanted to establish also in which part of plants the metal is stored for an eventual use of biomass or for recycling the metal. The experiments included seven herbaceous crops such as: barley (Hordeum vulgaris), cabbage (Brassica juncea), spinach (Spinacea oleracea), sorghum (Sorgum vulgare), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and ricinus (Ricinus communis). We used three levels of treatment (150, 300, and 600 ppm) and one control. At the end of the biological cycle of the crops, the different parts of plants, i.e., roots, stems, leaves, fruits, or seeds, were separately collected, oven dried, weighed, milled, and separately analysed. The leaves and stems of spinach showed a very good nickel storage capacity. The ricinus too proved to be a very good nickel storer. The ability of spinach and ricinus to store nickel was observed also in the leaves of cabbage, even if with a lower storage capacity. The bean, barley, and tomato, in decreasing order of uptake and storage capacity, showed a high concentration of nickel in leaves and stems, whereas the sorghum evidenced a lesser capacity to uptake and store nickel in leaves and stems. The bean was the most efficient in storing nickel in fruits or grains. Tomato, sorghum, and barley have shown a storage capacity notably less than bean. The bean appeared to be the most efficient in accumulating nickel in the roots, followed in decreasing order by sorghum, ricinus, and tomato. With regard to the removal of nickel, spinach was the most efficient as it contains the highest level of this metal per gram of dry matter. The ricinus, cabbage, bean, sorghum, barley, and tomato evidenced a progressively decreasing efficiency in the removal of nickel.     

水处理用活性炭改性研究

利用锆和氯化十六烷基三甲铵共同改性活性炭,制备一种新型去除污水中硝酸盐和磷酸盐的水处理吸附剂,并考察吸附剂加量、反应温度、pH值、共存阴离子等影响因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:锆-氯化十六烷基三甲铵改性活性炭(Zr-CTAC-AC)吸附剂适用于硝酸盐和磷酸盐浓度在100mg/L以下的污水,随着Zr-CTAC-AC加量的增加,硝酸盐、磷酸盐去除率逐渐增加,单位吸附量逐渐下降,Zr-CTAC-AC加量为8g/L时,硝酸盐去除率为79%,Zr-CTAC-AC加量为4.0g/L时,磷酸盐去除率可达91%,但应在较低的pH值范围内使用;反应温度对Zr-CTAC-AC的吸附效果影响不大;共存Cl-、HCO3^-和SO4^2-可使硝酸盐的吸附率降低,但对磷酸盐吸附率影响较小;1mol/L NaCl溶液可使吸附到Zr-CTAC-AC表面的硝酸盐90.9%左右被解吸出来,1mol/L NaOH溶液可使吸附到Zr-CTAC-AC表面的磷酸盐78.4%左右被解吸出来。Zr-CTAC-AC能够有效去除污水中硝酸盐和磷酸盐,制备方法简单,且可循环利用,处理成本低。     

Simulation of Nitrogen Transport in Soil Under Municipal Wastewater Application Using LEACHN1

Abstract: To reduce the risk of surface and ground water pollution from nitrate, and in so doing improve the quality of receiving waters, better management options for land application of wastewater must be explored. In order to determine proper and environmentally safe wastewater land application methods, different application scenarios were simulated in this study to determine the fate and transport of nitrogen in sand‐filled field lysimeters. The Leaching Estimation and CHemistry Model for Nutrients (LEACHN) model was used to assess alternative wastewater land application scenarios: applications of low‐, medium‐, or high‐N concentration wastewaters, at different rates (0.06, 0.19, 0.31, or 0.6 m³/m²/day), under continuous or intermittent application. In the simulations, the NO₃^?‐N levels decreased in the leachate with an increase in wastewater application rates, due to enhanced denitrification in the upper anoxic zone of the soil generated under high flow rates. With low‐N concentrated wastewater, under all tested flow rates, the NO₃^?‐N levels in the leachate were below the permissible limit. When medium‐N wastewater was applied, the NO₃^?‐N level in leachate from the highest flow rate was below the permissible limit. Therefore, wastewater with low‐N concentrations, about 10 and 0.5 mg/l NO₃^?‐N and NH₄⁺‐N, may be continuously applied to soil at all tested flow rates, with minimal nitrate pollution problems. Medium and high‐N concentrated wastewaters increased nitrate levels in the leachate, as compared to their levels in the low‐N concentrated wastewater. It appears that while low‐N wastewater can be safely applied to land without much nitrate leaching problems, the application of medium and high‐N wastewater could pose nitrate pollution problems. The simulation with intermittent application of low‐, medium‐, and high‐N concentrated wastewater at different rates showed a 51‐89% greater reduction in NO₃^?‐N levels in the leachate, than for continuous application under all tested wastewater N‐levels and flow rates. Also, the levels of NO₃^?‐N in their leachates were below the permissible limit. Therefore, wastewater with high levels of nitrogenous compounds (up to 54 NO₃‐N mg/l) could be treated through an intermittent application to land.     

含醛废水脱水塔的改造

由于润滑油糠醛精制装置的脱水塔底排放废水中糠醛含量超标,对脱水塔进行了相关改造。从近一年的运行情况看,收到了较好的效果。装置内醛含量明显下降,操作稳定。取样分析表明,废水中糠醛含量大幅度下降,合格率达93.3%。改造前脱水塔塔顶压力为0.03 MPa,改造后塔顶压力为0MPa。脱水塔底排放的废水中醛含量下降了98%,汽提蒸汽量减少了50%,减少了环境污染,每年约获得2万元的经济效益。     

Nitrate Dynamics in Two Streams Impacted by Wastewater Treatment Plant Discharge: Point Sources or Sinks?

We examined nitrate processing in headwater stream reaches downstream of two wastewater treatment plant outfalls during low streamflow. Our objectives were to quantify nitrate mass flux before and after effluent discharge and to use field and laboratory techniques to assess the mechanism of nitrate uptake. Microcosm experiments were utilized to determine the location of nitrate processing, and molecular biomarkers were used to detect and quantify microbial denitrification. At one site, downstream nitrate mass flux was significantly (p = 0.01) lower than sum of upstream and wastewater effluent fluxes, indicating rapid stream assimilation of incoming nitrate in the vicinity of the point source. Microcosm experiments supported the theory that nitrate processing occurs in sediments. Molecular assays for denitrifcation‐associated functional genes nosZ, nirS, and nirK, provided evidence that effluent contained enriched denitrifying communities relative to ambient stream water. Nitrate loss at the site with greater uptake was correlated with sulfate loss (p < 0.01; r² = 0.86), suggesting a possible link between sulfate reducing bacteria and denitrifying bacterial communities. Results suggest there is an opportunity to better understand nitrate dynamics in cases where point sources may act as point sinks under specific sets of conditions.     

COREX废水处理设计

COREX是一种炼铁新工艺,COREX3000已经在宝钢正式投产。COREX在生产过程中产生的大量废水需要排至厂区废水管网,但其水质无法满足厂区生产废水管网的纳管标准。本文就COREX废水处理的具体内容和方法进行了初步的分析和探讨,可作为相似工程中设计的借鉴和参考。     

Ultraviolet irradiation effects incorporation of nitrate and nitrite nitrogen into aquatic natural organic matter

One of the concerns regarding the safety and efficacy of ultraviolet radiation for treatment of drinking water and wastewater is the fate of nitrate, particularly its photolysis to nitrite. In this study, N NMR was used to establish for the first time that UV irradiation effects the incorporation of nitrate and nitrite nitrogen into aquatic natural organic matter (NOM). Irradiation of (15)N-labeled nitrate in aqueous solution with an unfiltered medium pressure mercury lamp resulted in the incorporation of nitrogen into Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM) via nitrosation and other reactions over a range of pH from approximately 3.2 to 8.0, both in the presence and absence of bicarbonate, confirming photonitrosation of the NOM. The major forms of the incorporated label include nitrosophenol, oxime/nitro, pyridine, nitrile, and amide nitrogens. Natural organic matter also catalyzed the reduction of nitrate to ammonia on irradiation. The nitrosophenol and oxime/nitro nitrogens were found to be susceptible to photodegradation on further irradiation when nitrate was removed from the system. At pH 7.5, unfiltered irradiation resulted in the incorporation of (15)N-labeled nitrite into SRNOM in the form of amide, nitrile, and pyridine nitrogen. In the presence of bicarbonate at pH 7.4, Pyrex filtered (cutoff below 290-300 nm) irradiation also effected incorporation of nitrite into SRNOM as amide nitrogen. We speculate that nitrosation of NOM from the UV irradiation of nitrate also leads to production of nitrogen gas and nitrous oxide, a process that may be termed photo-chemodenitrification. Irradiation of SRNOM alone resulted in transformation or loss of naturally abundant heterocyclic nitrogens.