酒石酸钾钠—乙二胺四乙酸二钠作掩蔽剂丁二酮肟测镍的方法研究

用吸光光度法研究了镍-丁二酮肟-过硫酸铵体系的显色条件和性质,在pH～12时,形成一种稳定的酒红色络合物,镍与丁二酮肟的组成比为1:3。ε_(470)=1.24×10~4。方法具有灵敏度较高,选择性好等特点.精密度试验C.V.在2.1～1.7％,准确度试验百分回收率为86.4～99.5％。已应用于电镀废水等中镍的测定,结果满意。     

ICP-AES法测定土壤中铜、钒、镍和铬

在HNO3-H2O2-HF体系中微波消解土壤样品，用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定土壤中的铜、钒、镍、铬，设定了最佳的样品处理条件和仪器条件，该方法测定铜、钒、镍、铬检出限分别为0．01mg／kg、0．05mg／kg、0．5mg／kg、0．10mg／kg，回收率为98．4％～102．0％，方法简便、准确。     

废高磁合金钢中钴、镍的分离和利用

用硫酸、盐酸和硝酸溶解废高磁合金钢、并将Fe^2 氧化为Fe^3 。先用黄铁矾法除去大部分铁,用尿素除去少量的铁及铝、钛、铜;最后在NH3－NH4Cl体系中分离钴、镍,并制成相应的盐。钴、镍的回收率分别国81．5％、89．7％。     

镍矿山生产中的三废现状及治理

介绍了我国镍矿山生产中的三废主要状况，内容包括镍矿山生产的简况，三废来源、治理方法及效果，并针对目前三废情况提出了一些建议措施。     

火焰原子吸收法测定土壤镍结果的不确定度评定

根据《土壤和沉积物铜、锌、铅、镍、铬的测定火焰原子吸收分光光度法HJ 491-2019》测定某土壤样品镍的含量,分析测试过程中不确定度的来源,并对样品测定结果进行不确定度的评定。测得样品中镍的含量为38. 7mg/kg,扩展不确定度为4. 30mg/kg (k=2)。采用新标准首次建立了火焰原子吸收法测定土壤镍含量的不确定度评定方法,得到标准曲线的配制和拟合过程、测量重复性是土壤镍含量不确定度的主要影响因素;为采取措施降低不确定度提供参考,为定量评价测量的质量提供帮助,为影响规范限度的符合性提供依据。     

丁二酮肟分光光度法测定硝酸镍生产废水中的镍

将丁二酮肟分光光度法应用于硝酸镍生产废水中镍的测定,以过硫酸铵作氧化剂,丁二酮肟为显色剂,在波长465nm处测定硝酸镍生产废水中的镍.     

金刚石合成棒含镍酸洗废水的处理

本文研究了“金刚石合成棒含镍酸洗废水的处理”，采用硫化沉淀法，因金属硫化物的溶度积小于金属氢氧化物的溶度积，使镍沉淀完全彻底，不可能出现返溶现象，水质达到国家排放标准。并讨论了含镍废水处理的ＰＨ值、硫化钠浓度、搅拌时间、沉降速度与镍沉淀率的关系和影响。得出了处理金刚石合成棒含镍酸洗废水的基本原理，获得了最佳的工艺技术条件，为工业化处理含镍废水提供了重要的依据。     

成都市某厂镍,钴污染对居民体内镍,钴负荷影响的调查

镍和钴都是人体所必需的微量元素,但负荷过大则有害。1933年Bridge首先报道了镍污染对镍精炼工所造成鼻癌和肺癌的危害。随着工业的发展,镍和钴的应用日益增多,常造成环境污染,对居民健康亦能引起多方面的危害。大气中镍、钴污染主要经呼吸道进入人体,并迅速分布于全身各器官,且有一定的蓄积性。故选择发镍和发钴含量作为指标。我们于1988年5至6月对成都市某厂周观察区和对照区的中、小学生进行了发镍和发钴含量测定,以探索大气中镍,钴污染与人体负荷水平的关系。     

荧光法测定黄瓜中的谷胱甘肽

研究了用荧光分光光度计测定黄瓜中谷胱甘肽的方法。在荧光条件激发波长EX为340nm,发射波长EM为420nm时,其测定回收率为99．55％－99．95％,变异系数为1．24％。     

人发中镍,钴催化导数极谱连续测定方法的研究

过去对镍、钴的一些测定方法,因操作繁锁、消耗有机溶剂量大,或需昂贵的仪器设备,在使用上受到一定的限制。为此,本文在段士斌研究的基础上,结合极谱测尿镍的方法,提出了人发中镍和钴的催化导数极谱连绩测定法。     

含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS的合成及阻垢性能研究

利用实验方法合成了含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS,通过正交试验评价优选出最佳合成条件,对其阻垢性能进行了评价。将含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS与HEDP和含膦基共聚物PCA进行了比较,结果表明,当PAMPS用量为10mg/L时,阻止碳酸钙结垢率达到83.73%,优于同等条件下HEDP与PCA阻止碳酸钙结垢率;当PAMPS用量达到3mg/L时,阻垢率达到98.32%,对硫酸钙的阻垢性能优于HEDP和PCA。同时还可看出,含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS对阻止碳酸钙结垢具有低剂量效应,对阻止硫酸钙结垢具有低剂量效应和溶限效应。这说明PAMPS是一种优良的阻垢分散剂。     

An eco-environmental water demand based model for optimising water resources using hybrid genetic simulated annealing algorithms. Part II. Model application and results

The present optimisation model described in Part I of this work is applied to optimise water resources in the Haihe river basin, an important basin in north China that covers 31.82 million km². Results show that this optimisation model with the HGSAA solution is feasible and effective in the long-term optimisation of water resource use. It is shown that the combined forecasting method can improve the forecast precision. The results obtained indicate that the mean relative errors of BP and polynomial models are 2.3% and 4.9%, respectively, while that of the combined forecasting method is 1.93% in a case study on the Tumahe River for 2010. The combined forecasting method performs better because it incorporates various forecasting methods. The optimisation results show that both domestic and eco-environmental water demands can satisfy the requirements of the forecasting procedure, and the harmonious indices all exceeded 0.7. The Luanhe River is the most water-scarce sub-basin in the Haihe river basin.     

Moral Responsibility for Environmental Problems—Individual or Institutional?

The actions performed by individuals, as consumers and citizens, have aggregate negative consequences for the environment. The question asked in this paper is to what extent it is reasonable to hold individuals and institutions responsible for environmental problems. A distinction is made between backward-looking and forward-looking responsibility. Previously, individuals were not seen as being responsible for environmental problems, but an idea that is now sometimes implicitly or explicitly embraced in the public debate on environmental problems is that individuals are appropriate targets for blame when they perform actions that are harmful to the environment. This idea is criticized in this paper. It is argued that instead of blaming individuals for performing actions that are not environmentally friendly we should ascribe forward-looking responsibility to individuals, a notion that focuses more on capacity and resources than causation and blameworthiness. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize that a great share of forward-looking responsibility should also be ascribed to institutional agents, primarily governments and corporations. The urge to ascribe forward-looking responsibility to institutional agents is motivated by the efficiency aim of responsibility distributions. Simply put, if responsibility is ascribed to governments and corporations there is a better chance of creating a society in which the opportunities to act in an environmentally friendly way increase.     

重庆大气微生物污染状况调查与评价

本文在对重庆大气微生物污染含量调查的基础上，评价分析了重庆大气微生物的污染状况。调查结果表明：城区大气微生物污染高于区县；并分析了霉菌污染普遍性的原因。     

The role of co-products in stabilizing the metal mining industry

The objective of this paper is to test the hypothesis that cyclical metal mining activity is more stable when multi-metal products are produced. A theoretical short-run supply curve for a metal is developed showing by-product, co-product, and main product behaviour. This curve is used to illustrate co-product pricing trends that are indicative of different cyclical behaviour patterns. The non-parametrical sign test is used to test co-product price trends for the US metal mining industry. The results indicate that multi-metal production stabilizes the mining industry in the short run but not in the long run.     

OPTIMAL BATHYMETRY OF TYRRHENIAN SEA BY STOCHASTIC INTERPOLATORS1

ABSTRACT: The analysis of the sea depth in the vicinity of a thermal power plant is important in view of the heat dispersion and transport of the cooling water discharged from the energy production processes. The bathymetry of the Tyrrhenian Sea in the area facing the thermoelectric plant being built at Montalto di Castro, Italy, is reconstructed with the aid of the kriging technique. The large number of measurements (2038) precludes the use of a global interpolation model. At the same time, the steepness of the variogram suggests that the stochastic process is likely non-stationary. The latter problem is managed by detrending the observed records with a fourth-order polynomial drift determined with the least squares method. The global approach is replaced with local models with an influence radius of 70 m and a minimal number of interpolation records equal to 10. The detrended residuals appear to be second-order stationary having an isotropic vaniogram that is fitted equally well by a linear or a spherical function. The average size of the local interpolation models is 28, which ensures a high cemputational efficiency. The bathymetry of the sea area of interest is then reconstructed over a regular grid with a total of 3570 nodes. The estimation standard deviation maps show that the accuracy of the prediction is even greater than the prescribed tolerance (= 0.2 m) and indicate that future data collection campaigns require a less dense and, therefore, less expensive recording network. The redundant measurement profiles are identified. Their elimination still allows for bathymetry estimates affected by interpolation errors that fall within the project specifications.     

不同红外分光法对水中污染油分析的研究

采用两种不同的红外光度法(分散红外分光光度法和非分散红外光度法)对不同组成的矿物油进行了比较测定,结果表明:当矿物油中的芳烃含量与“标准油”中芳烃含量相近时,两种方法分析结果基本一致;当矿物油中芳烃含量较高时,非分散红外光度法测定结果明显偏低;当样品中芳香烃含量与“标准油”中的芳香烃含量相差较大时,采用分散红外光度法,可以获得更准确、可靠的结果。研究结果还表明,随着测试样品中芳烃含量的增加(>50%),分散红外光度法也会出现较大的偏差。     

脉冲电解处理餐饮废水的试验研究

脉冲电解是废水电解处理技术发展的一个重要方向。本文用改装的直流、脉冲两用电源对餐饮废水做了对比处理研究。试验结果表明，脉冲电解的处理效果优于直流电解，在CODcr的去除率相近的情况下，电耗可降低5.5％。当脉冲频率为1．67KHz，水力修留时间为29min，电流为50mA时，电耗为0.222KWh/m^3，CODcr的去除率可以达到83．1％。     

Local hegemonies resisting a green shift and what to do about it: the introduction of a regional park in southern Norway

In the Lister region in the southern part of Norway, attempts are currently being made to facilitate for a green shift. The paper discusses two different approaches towards such a challenge. The first is procedural, where success or failure hinges on the methods applied in the effort to convince locals to incorporate climate considerations. The alternative is to reflect upon how a green ideology blends into pre-existing ideological elements in the region. It is claimed that an important reason for the failure so far to place the environment at the core of regional development, is that too much emphasis has been put on the first approach, on procedure and dialogue, whereas few efforts have been made to understand the structure of the discursive terrain in the region. What prevents a green shift has less to do with methods and is more connected to the dominance of a logic of economic growth and the fact that locals are confident that nature is already dealt with in a sensible manner. The conclusion is that we need to understand what people are concerned about and what prevents them to change, before we start telling them how to think and do development.     

The role of economic invisibility in development: veiling women's work in rural Pakistan

The thesis in this article is that both women's work and its invisibility are essential to development, and at two levels: to the economy of rural households and to the wider development process. For rural households, the case of Pakistan suggests that the veils that conceal women's work shield a portion of household production from the risks and extractions inherent in their involvement with development. This shielded production depends on off-farm natural resources of which the use is also veiled. For States and other development interests, the author suggests that women's work constitutes a subsidy which is intentionally invisible. The subsidy of women's labour is linked to a forest-to-farm subsidy. Women's invisible work, in other words, is not invisible because it is not seen, but because the process of economic development—for both rural households and States and other development actors—requires that it be hidden.