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复杂地形上流场和浓度场的数值模拟应用于环境空气影响评价 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用数值积分方法求解复杂地形上三维大气热力--动力学方程组以及扩散方程,模拟复杂地形上的流场和污染物浓度场情况,并与现场污染物和污染气象测试结果比较分析,模式计算结果与观测结果基本相符。将该模式应用于扩建工程环境空气影响评价,使评价结果更趋合理,准确,该模式能够反映复杂地形上不同大气稳定度下的污染物输送,扩散规律,因此可作为解决复杂地形上空气污染物扩散的实用方法。 相似文献
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应用基于流体动力学原理的CFD方法,用有限体积法软件进行了某天然气处理厂脱硫塔泄漏后在复杂三维地形的仿真扩散模拟,计算结果能够较真实地反映气体扩散过程受三维复杂地形和风速的影响情况,为定量风险评价和企业安全生产管理提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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高架点源大气扩散的数值计算法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
使用数值计算的方法来计算给定源强下的高架排放点源的浓度场分布情况。通过求解复杂地形上的大气热力———动力学方程组及扩散方程 ,建立了三维的风场、浓度场的数值模拟模式 ,并以云南开远电厂为例 ,对模式进行了验证。证明此方法可以成为解决复杂地形上大气污染扩散的实用方法。 相似文献
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有限单元法在复杂河段二维水质模型计算中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文探讨了复杂河段二维水质模型有限单元法的求解方法.并计算了大源渡水库对湘江衡阳城区段水质的影响,应用本文的方法可以进行复杂地形条件下二维河流水质的模拟与预测。 相似文献
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通过对硫化氢气体在复杂地形下的扩散过程进行数值模拟分析,得出井站在不同风向下有毒气体的可能影响范围,提出将可能影响范围与事故应急预案相结合,实现事故状态下的应急处置。 相似文献
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为了解复杂地形-气象场条件下二噁英类污染物环境影响,选取我国西南某代表性山地,利用CALPUFF预测区域垃圾焚烧、医废与危废项目二噁英类污染物的环境影响,并通过土壤实测数据进行模型分析验证.结果显示:复杂地形-气象场条件下,同一区域不同空间下的风向与风速将会出现明显差异,CALMET气象模块可结合相关资料,模拟计算出可信较高的复杂气象场文件;模型预测显示,在复杂地形-气象场条件下,项目排放的二噁英在土壤中的沉降位置、方向与全年主导风向不完全一致.研究区域土壤沉降量为0.86×10-3~9.84×10-1ngTEQ/m2;模型模拟医废与垃圾焚烧、危废项目沉降数据与监测数据相关性R分别为0.854,0.287,说明CALPUFF模式在复杂地形-气象场条件下模拟周边土壤二噁英空间分布有一定可信度. 相似文献
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通过介绍环境影响评价中复杂地形的主要大气扩散模式,探讨了AERMOD模式CALPUFF模式、ADMS模式在复杂地形条件下环境影响预测中的应用,从而更好的做好复杂地形地区的大气污染问题的预防与治理工作,提高复杂地形建设项目和规划的决策更加高效性、准确性与前瞻性、高效性。 相似文献
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《Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics》1990,24(9):2447-2455
A three-dimensional higher-order closure dispersion model is presented. The model is used to simulate dispersion from point sources in complex terrain. The model uses mean and turbulence quantities simulated with the fluid dynamic model presented in Part A to simulate dispersion in a polar coordinate system with its origin in the point source. Different turbulent length scales are used for the vertical and horizontal fluxes. Simulation results are compared with data from tracer experiments performed in southern Sweden, the Vänersborg-Trollhättan region. The tracer experiments were performed during convective atmospheric conditions as well as during very stable conditions. The geographical area has terrain features that exert forcing on the meso-γ-scale. Within the area there is a relatively flat agricultural area, forested hills, a river valley and an extended lake area. The terrain height relief is typically 80 m.The simulations with the dispersion model performed in the Vänersborg-Trollhättan region show good agreement with measured data in the region for convective atmospheric conditions as well as for very stable conditions. 相似文献
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为研究河谷型城市地形及其引起的风场和污染物扩散的复杂问题,利用CFD(计算流体力学)方法和复杂地形网格生成技术,建立河谷型城市风场及大气污染分布的数值仿真模型,实现CFD方法在复杂地形空气运动和污染物扩散方面的应用.分别使用LES(large eddy simulation)模型和mixture模型研究兰州市地面风场特征和污染物扩散形态,计算得到的污染物分布结果与实测结果分布一致.结果表明:复杂地形对空气运动的影响很大,如风速因山体屏障作用会呈现带状分布特征,山体后侧易出现弱风区域;同时,风场会密切影响污染物扩散,决定了污染物扩散形态,如幅散能够影响污染物扩散范围及污染水平.而给定西北风条件下,如地面以上10 m、风速为5 m/s、不受地形阻挡情况下,工业区污染物浓度被稀释10倍,约扩散2.2 km;山体阻挡会抑制污染物纵向扩散,表现在山体阻挡情况下污染物稀释100倍时的扩散长度约为相对平坦区域的1/3.此外,不同的入口风向会引起空气运动与山体相互作用发生变化,进而会使得地面风速、局部风场存在差异,造成污染物扩散及分布形态差异.研究显示,CFD方法可行,模型可靠,可以用来研究地形对风场和污染物扩散的影响. 相似文献
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《Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics》1990,24(8):1987-2001
Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to investigate air flow and gas diffusion in neutrally and stably stratified flows over complex terrain, using a terrain model of Steptoe Butte in the U.S.A.The terrain model was made with an aluminium cast and cooled by using transistor thermo-modules in order to simulate a stably stratified flow over the complex terrain. The wind tunnel results for gas concentration were superposed by a computer using probability distributions for wind direction, wind velocity and atmospheric stability observed at Steptoe Butte, in order to compare the wind tunnel results with field data.Application of the superposition method provided better agreement with field data than the usual method without the superposition. 相似文献
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美国AERMOD模型与中国大气导则推荐模型点源比较 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
介绍了美国AERMOD模型和中国大气导则推荐模型一般浓度公式,通过大气稳定度和扩散参数的确定、复杂地形处理和对流条件下污染物扩散等原理方面的比较认为,AERMOD模型优于大气导则推荐模型.以美国环境保护局(USEPA)2个试验场Clifty Creek(平坦地形)和Lovett(复杂地形)的数据资料为比较数据,分别用AERMOD模型和大气导则推荐模型计算SO2小时质量浓度,在Pasquill 6类稳定度下用相对偏差(FB)、预测值与观测值的比率(RHCR)及图形法(Q-Q图)等进行模型比较,结果表明:在RHCR和FB中,AERMOD模型除个别值外,其他均好于大气导则推荐模型;而大气导则推荐模型存在接近或大于模型可靠性界限0.67(0.66和0.74),说明其可靠性比AERMOD模型差;图形法比较中,强不稳定和不稳定下AERMOD模型明显好于大气导则推荐模型,而大气导则推荐模型预测值明显偏低,其他稳定度下结果相差不大.研究认为:在平坦地形和复杂地形条件下,AERMOD模型点源预测值均优于大气导则推荐模型,并从原理上进行了解释. 相似文献
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《Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics》1990,24(8):2071-2088
Wind-tunnel and towing-tank studies conducted over the past 10 years at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Fluid Modeling Facility (FMF) of flow and diffusion in complex terrain are reviewed. A primary impetus for this work was EPA's Complex Terrain Model Development Program (CTMDP)—designed to develop reliable atmospheric dispersion models applicable to large pollutant sources in complex terrain, with primary emphasis on plume impaction during night-time stable conditions. The FMF interacted closely with the model developers participating in the CTMDP and provided support in various ways through the conduct of a wide range of laboratory studies. Work at the FMF prior to the inception of the program provided the basic framework for the model—the dividing-streamline concept— and the focal point around which the field program was designed. At the beginning of the program, the FMF provided direct support as an aid to planning the details and strategies of the field experiments and testing the limits of applicability of the dividing-streamline concept. Later work included exercises of ‘filling in the gaps’ in the field data, furthering the understanding of the physical mechanisms important to plume impaction in complex terrain and in stably stratified flows in general, testing various modeling assumptions, providing data for ‘calibration’ of various modeling parameters, and testing the ability of the laboratory models to simulate full-scale conditions. Simultaneously, the FMF responded to the needs of the regulatory arm of EPA, the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS), by providing guidance concerning expected terrain effects and by conducting demonstration studies. These latter studies were concerned primarily with simulation of diffusion in the neutral atmospheric boundary layer. Finally, several supplemental studies were conducted, broadening and expanding upon the specific requests of the model developers and the OAQPS. The highlights of the FMF complex-terrain research work are described herein. 相似文献
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大气环境质量预测模型研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
为适应青岛和贵阳地区地形和大气流场复杂的特点,吸收高斯烟云模式和烟团模式的优点,建立高斯轨迹烟云模式,模式同时考虑静风条件下的扩散。应用青岛和贵阳的实测数据对模式的性能进行检验,结果证明,该模式可适用于地形和流场复杂的地区。该模式是环境决策支持系统的一部分。 相似文献
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Xiao WANG Fanghua HAO Xuan ZHANG Wen SUN Hongguang CHENG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(3):318-325
Environmental risk of high sulfur gas field exploitation has become one of the hot spots of environmental management studies.
Severe gas H2S blowout accidents in recent years have shown that poor understanding and estimates of the poisonous gas movement could lead
to dangerous evacuation delays. It is important to evaluate the real concentration of H2S, especially in complex terrain. Traditional experiential models are not valid in the case of rough terrain, especially in
low-lying areas where the gas accumulates. This study, using high sulfur content gas field of Sichuan “Pu Guang gas field”
as study object and adopting objective diagnosis of wind field of land following coordinate three dimensions, applied Lagrangian
Puff Model and breaking up technique of puffs to simulate the H2S diffusion condition of blowout accidents produced in the high sulfur content gas field of complex terrain area. The results
showed that the H2S distribution did not occur mainly in low wind direction, and due to the obstruction of the mountain’s body, it accumulated
in front of mountain on produced turn over, flowed around submitted jumping type distribution. The mountain waist near the
hilltop and low hollow river valley site rapture points simulating contrast showed that the higher the rapture point, the
better the diffusing condition of pollutant, the distribution of risk sensitive point decided piping rupture environmental
risk size combining the H2S diffusion result and residential area dispersing in the study area, synthetic judge located in the high rapture point environmental
risk was smaller than the low hollow point, thus it was suggested to carryout laying of lining build of equal high line of
higher terrain. According to simulation results, the environmental risk management measures aimed at putting down adverse
effects were worked out. 相似文献