分子扩散法捕集环境中SO2的研究

吸收膜容量研究表明，用１０％（Ｖ／Ｖ）三乙醇胺十丙酮或１０％（Ｗ／Ｖ）ＮＯ２ＣＯ３作吸收剂，在１５℃，绝对干燥空气条件下测得两种采样器的感受（α），１＾采样器α１（ＴＥＡ）０．３０４３ＰＰｍ．ｈ．μｇ＾－１（ＳＯ＾２－４），α２（Ｎａ２ＣＯ３）０．２９６３ｐｐｍ．ｈ．μｇ＾－１（ＳＯ＾２－４），２＃采样器α２（ＴＥＡ）０．７８９３ＰＰｍ．ｈ．μｇ＾－１（ＳＯ＾２－４）α２（Ｎａ２ＣＯ３）０．８６６     

2，4－二氯苯基荧光酮与铬显色反应的研究及其应用

研究了铬（Ⅵ）－２，４－二氯苯基荧光酮（ＤＣＩＰＦ）－溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）体系的显色条件。试验结果表明，在ｐＨ５．２～７．０范围内，铬与ＤＣＩＰＦ及ＣＴＭＡＢ形成红色三元胶束配合物，其最大吸收波长为５７８ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数为１．４０×１０５ｌ·ｍｏｌ（－１）·ｃｍ（－１），铬（Ⅵ）含量在０～９．０μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律，配合物的组成为Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）：ＤＣＩＰＦ＝１：２。拟定方法用于水中铬的测定，结果满意。     

取代芳烃对酵母菌毒性的定量结构－活性相关研究

定量测定了苯胺类、苯甲酸类、卤代苯类、苯腈类、硝基苯类、苯酚类等６类化合物对酵母菌的生长抑制毒性，结果表明化合物的最小产生清晰抑菌圈浓度Ｃ＿（ｍｉｚ）与辛醇－水分配系数及一阶分子连接性价指数有如下关系：ｌｏｇ（１／Ｃ＿（ｍｉｚ））＝０．３８ｌｏｇＫ＿（ｏｗ）＋０．３３￣１Ｘ￣ｖ－０．３８ｒ＝０．９２ｓ＝０．２２ｎ＝７７．在上述６类取代苯类化合物中，它们与酵母菌的反应性大小有如下顺序：卤代苯类≈苯甲酸类＜苯胺类＜苯腈类＜苯酚类＜硝基苯类化合物；用Ｆｒｅｅ－Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ法研究各基团对酵母菌毒性的贡献大小，其顺序为：—Ｂｒ（０．８４）＞—Ｃｌ（０．５４）＞—ＣＨ＿３（０．３９）＞—ＮＯ＿２（０．３５）＞—ＣＯＯＨ（０．１９）≈—ＯＨ（０．１７）≈—ＣＨＯ（０．１７）≈—ＣＮ（０．１４）＞—Ｆ（—０．０３）＞—ＮＨ＿２（—０．０８）．苯胺类、苯腈类、苯酚类、硝基苯类化合物对酵母菌的毒性与化合物的分子连接性指数３Ｘｖ、４Ｘ、３Ｘ有良好的相关性．     

自固定化技术强化高效菌种活性的保持

以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（ＤＭＰ）为唯一碳源驯化ＤＭＰ降解菌,并将其接种到复合式完全混合反应器中以处理ＤＭＰ和葡萄糖人工配水．进水ＣＯＤ负荷约１．０ｇ／（Ｌ·ｄ）,逐渐提高葡萄糖浓度（０～６００ｍ ｇ／Ｌ）,同时降低ＤＭＰ浓度（３００～０ｍ ｇ／Ｌ）,分别测试附着相和悬浮相菌种降解ＤＭＰ活性的变化．结果表明：反应器ＣＯＤ去除率均达９０％ 以上,葡萄糖引入后,悬浮相菌种降解ＤＭＰ比耗氧速率迅速降低,由４９．５降至４．０ｍ ｇ／（ｇ·ｈ）,而附着相菌种则逐渐变化,由６４．１降至４８．０ｍ ｇ／（ｇ·ｈ）．镜检结果表明：葡萄糖引入后,悬浮相菌种中丝状菌大量出现,而附着相菌种则几乎未出现丝状菌．由此可见,在基质变化后由吸附在陶粒载体上引起的自固定化能够强化菌种的高效降解活性．     

HPLC法测定废水中苯胺类化合物

用乙醚为提取有机相，提取前先经碱化，提取后加酸使苯胺成盐，吹去乙醚，用ＨＰＬＣ法测定苯胺类化合物。方法适用于测定废水中苯胺类化合物。检出限：苯胺３．０ｎｇ，邻硝基苯胺０．５ｎｇ，对硝基苯胺１．０ｎｇ。线性范围：苯胺０．８１７－１３．０７２μｇ／ｍｌ，邻硝基苯胺０．１４６４－２．３４２４μｇ／ｍｌ，对硝基苯胺０．２５３－４．０４８μｇ／ｍｌ。精密度（ＣＶ）：苯胺２．３８％，邻硝基苯胺１．０９％，对硝     

造纸黑液活化磷矿浆的研究（2）——造纸黑液活化磷矿浆用量及其对普钙生 …

利用造纸黑液活化磷矿浆，控制矿浆含水率在２６％￣２８％之间，当在每克矿粉中木浆黑液投量为０．０２７ｍＬ，芦苇浆黑液投量为０．０８３ｍＬ时，磷矿浆粘度可降至０．７０Ｐａ．ｓ以下，满足矿浆输送要求，而且所生产的鲜钙质量符合要求。为造纸黑液活化磷矿浆的应用提供了依据。     

我国不同类型稀土矿区环境卫生学调查──矿区农民自然生活环境和头发中稀土水平

对我国有代表性的３种类型稀土矿区内农民自然生活环境（耕地土壤、饮用井水、天然植物和植物性食物）和头发中稀土含量进行了卫生学调查研究,初步了解了其稀土暴露、吸收和蓄积水平。结果表明：稀土矿区内,除耕地土壤中稀土含量（６８０—１２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）明显高于对照地区、某些天然植物有富积稀土（１６．８—５７．２μｇ／ｇ）的能力外,浅井水（２．６—２１．０μｇ／Ｌ）、粮食＜（０．０５—３．１５μｇ／ｇ）和蔬菜（０．０６—１．８２μｇ／ｇ）中稀土含量仅是稍高于对照地区趋势;矿区农民平均每人每日稀土经日摄入量估计值〔（４９８．３—１７０８．１μｇ／（ｄ·人）］与相应对照点基本一致;仅江西轻稀土矿观察点［（６５９．４μｇ／（ｄ·人）］稍高于对照点［４９８．３μｇ／（ｄ·人）］。江西２矿区内农民发中稀土含量（０．５３—１５．０２μｇ／ｇ）均显著高于本地区对照点以及山东稀土矿区内农民发稀土水平（＜０．２０—１．１２μｇ／ｇ,Ｐ＜０．０５）,并接近或超过山东稀土矿矿工水平（０．４３—８．７６μｇ／ｇ,Ｐ＜０．０５）,但其平均每人每日稀土经日摄入量明显低于山东矿区农民摄入水平［１７０８．ｌμｇ／（ｄ·人）］。江西离子吸附型稀土矿区内     

溴甲酚绿－溴化十六烷基吡啶光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂

建立溴甲酚绿（ＢＣＧ）－溴化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＢ）光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的方法。实验表明，最适合的ｐＨ范围为５．５－９．０，λｍａｘ＝６１４ｎｍ，在８６μｇＣＰＢ存在下，十二烷基苯磺酸钠（ＳＤＢＳ）和十二烷基硫酸钠（ＳＤＳ）分别在０－８０μｇ／１０ｍｌ和０－７５μｇ／１０ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律，其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为２．９×１０４和３．１×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。用此法测定了河水和生活废水中的阴离子表面活性剂，相对标准偏差＜３．０％，样品加标平均回收率为９９．３％。     

热处理对含氮活性碳纤维脱除SO_2能力的影响

考察中高温热处理对含氮沥青基活性碳纤维［ＰＡＣＦ（ＮＨ３）］脱除ＳＯ２的能力的影响结果表明，在９００—１１００℃尤其是在１０００℃下热处理可显著提高ＰＡＣＦ（ＮＨ３）脱除ＳＯ２的能力．当在３０℃下模拟烟气中ＳＯ２、Ｏ２和Ｈ２Ｏ的浓度分别为０．００２ｍｌ／ｍｌ、０．１ｍｌ／ｍｌ和０．１ｍｌ／ｍｌ，气体流动速率为１００ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ时，０．２５ｇ的３种不同比表面积的ＰＡＣＦ（ＮＨ３）完全除去ＳＯ２的时间分别从热处理前的０．２５ｈ、１ｈ和１ｈ延长到热处理后的１ｈ、２ｈ和３．５ｈ，ＳＯ２穿透后的稳态浓度从热处理前的７３％、５４％和３８％下降到热处理后的３２％、２４％和１０％．脱硫活性的提高主要是由于热处理增强了ＰＡＣＦ（ＮＨ３）对ＳＯ２和Ｏ２的吸附作用，加速了ＳＯ２的氧化反应．     

城市污水PIAS除磷效果初探

着重介绍ＰＩＡＳ系统处理城市污水中运行周期（Ｔ）和曝停比（ＡＮＲ）对除磷效果的影响。本试验采用正交设计安排，在污泥浓度（ＭＬＳＳ）５．６￣６．０ｇ／ｌ，污泥龄（θｃ）１２￣２０ｄ，水力停留时间（ＨＲＴ）５．０￣６．０ｈ的条件下，当曝气时间为１．５ｈ，停曝、搅拌时间为１．５ｈ，ＴＰ的去除率与Ｔ和ＡＮＲ的交互效应成正相关，而与Ｔ、ＡＮＲ成负相关。在本试验条件下，ＣＯＤ、ＴＮ和ＴＰ的去除率已可分别达到９     

戊二醛交联酵母菌对Zn2+，Cd2+和Hg2+的吸附行为

用戊二醛作为交联剂,采用简单的方法制备机械强度高的交联酵母菌.考察菌体吸附Cd2 的影响因素,包括交联剂的用量,pH,金属离子初始质量浓度,吸附时间等,研究菌体对不同质量浓度的Zn2 ,Cd2 和Hg2 的吸附率.结果表明,戊二醛的最佳用量(体积分数)为1.0%,菌体对金属离子的吸附平衡时间为30 min,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程.吸附为Langmuir单分子层吸附,相对于未交联菌,交联酵母菌对Cd2 的吸附容量提高2倍;pH实验表明,交联酵母菌对金属离子的吸附受酸度影响小.用于冶金厂废水的处理结果显示,0.050 0 g的交联酵母菌,对5.3 mg/L的Cd2 污水的去除率为80.6%,用0.1 mol/L的EDTA再生该吸附剂,Cd2 的解析率达92.1%.     

Assessment of estrogen disrupting potency in animal foodstuffs of China by combined biological and chemical analyses

Food has been documented as one of major routes for human exposure to environmental estrogens（EEs）, but information on the occurrence of EEs in animal foodstuffs is still scarce.This study analyzed estrogenic activity in 16 types of animal foodstuffs（n = 142） collected from four cities（Wuhan, Guangzhou, Wenzhou and Yantai） of China by combined yeast estrogen screen（YES） bioassay and chemical analysis. By bioassay, all samples＇ extracts were found to induce estrogenic activities and the bioassay-derived 17β-estradiol equivalent（EEQbio） ranged from 8.29 to 118.32 ng/g. In addition, the samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for further chemical analysis. 17β-Estradiol was found in all samples in this survey at levels of 0.44 to 15.04 ng/g.All samples had 33.1% detection rate of 17α-ethinylestradiol（EE2）, and the maximum concentration was 2.80 ng/g. Bisphenol A and 4-nonylphenols were detected in 83.8% and83.1% of samples, with concentrations up to 12.56 ng/g and 35.76 ng/g, respectively.However, the concentrations of estrone, diethylstilbestrol and 4-t-octylphenol were found to be below the limit of detection. A comparison of EEQbiomeasured from the YES assay and EEQchemcalculated from chemical analysis showed good correlation（R2= 0.84）. Based on the results, the YES assay can be used as a rapid pre-screening method for monitoring the levels of estrogenic activity in large numbers of animal foodstuffs, and chemical analysis used in combination can be used for the identification of specific EEs.     

亚砷酸钠对酵母细胞H2S代谢的影响

以模式生物酿酒酵母为研究对象,采用醋酸铅试纸条法、BIGGY琼脂及qRT-PCR技术检测了不同浓度亚砷酸钠胁迫下H₂S产量及产H₂S酶编码基因表达的变化,以探讨砷化物对酵母细胞H₂S代谢的影响.结果显示,0.5~2 mmol·L^-1的亚砷酸钠可诱导酵母细胞内源H₂S的产生,且H₂S合成相关基因的相对表达量与对照相比均有不同程度的上调.经0.05~0.2 mmol·L^-1的外源H₂S预处理后,酵母细胞对砷的耐受性明显提高.研究表明,亚砷酸钠可影响酵母细胞H₂S代谢,而H₂S含量可在一定程度上调控砷对酵母的毒性.     

微波预处理面包酵母对锶的吸附研究

采用微波预处理的面包酵母作为生物吸附剂吸附处理Sr2＋,研究了其吸附特性、生物吸附动力学、吸附平衡过程和吸附机理.实验结果表明,微波预处理能有效提高酵母的吸附效能.酵母对Sr2＋吸附10min即可达到平衡,吸附过程可以很好地用准二级动力学方程来描述（R2=0.9999）,平衡吸附量qe为4.69mg·g^-1,二级吸附...     

酵母提取物对葡萄糖发酵生产生物破乳菌Alcaligenes sp. S-XJ-1的影响

以从石油污染的土壤中筛选出1株生物破乳菌Alcaligenes sp.S-XJ-1为对象,考察了以葡萄糖为碳源时添加酵母提取物对生物破乳菌菌体性质、破乳性能以及菌体元素组成的影响.结果表明,酵母提取物的投加能够有效提高生物破乳菌产量,在酵母提取物浓度为5 g.L-1时,生物破乳菌产量达到3.0 g.L-1,此时葡萄糖利用率亦达到最大的58%.随着酵母提取物的投加浓度的增大,培养得到的菌体破乳性能提高,在投加浓度为10 g.L-1时,破乳率达到76%;而培养得到的菌体C/N有所降低,对其菌体表面蛋白进行提取测定发现菌体总蛋白含量升高,这与FTIR分析破乳菌菌体表面蛋白质类物质提高的结论一致.推测该生物破乳菌菌体蛋白含量的提高增强了菌体的破乳性能,菌体蛋白类物质是影响其破乳性能的关键组分之一.     

Modeling the influence of ethanol on the adsorption and desorption of selected BTEX compounds on bentonite and kaolin

The study investigated the effects of ethanol on the adsorption properties of bentonite and kaolin for benzene and toluene removal.     

On the determination of nitrous oxide emission factor during biomass burning

ＯｎｔｈｅｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｎｉｔｒｏｕｓｏｘｉｄｅｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒｄｕｒｉｎｇｂｉｏｍａｓｓｂｕｒｎｉｎｇＣａｏＭｅｉｑｉｕ；ＺｈｕａｎｇＹａｈｕｉ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉ...     

餐厨垃圾接种酵母菌固态厌氧发酵产乙醇的可行性研究

餐厨垃圾可定向发酵产乙醇,但复杂的预处理导致处理时间长、工艺复杂度增加. 本文通过直接接种酵母菌和灭菌后接种酵母菌对比试验,分析发酵系统内乙醇、乙醇前体物还原糖、还原糖前体物淀粉的降解与产生规律,探讨餐厨垃圾直接接种酵母菌固态厌氧发酵产乙醇的可行性及规律. 结果表明:酵母菌的添加能够促进餐厨垃圾固体厌氧发酵产生乙醇,接种酵母菌后乙醇浓度为11.86~12.09 g/L,是空白对照的8.41~31.50倍,且高于灭菌预处理后接种的6.88~10.02 g/L;基于修正的Gompertz模型分析也证实了上述结果,接种酵母菌后,系统产乙醇潜力(P_m)和单位最大乙醇产率(R_m)也随之上升,但接种量对餐厨垃圾的P_m和R_m影响不大. 对乙醇前体物还原糖的分析表明,接种酵母菌能够在发酵初期就可以发挥作用,促使系统内还原糖在0~4 h内快速降为43.37~46.55 mg/g,从而加速了餐厨垃圾的稳定化进程,但在4~24 h内,由于次生代谢物的抑制作用,系统内还原糖未出现明显的产生和降解. 还原糖前体物淀粉的水解情况分析表明,接种酵母菌可将淀粉的水解率由19.36%提高到27.90%~37.57%,但淀粉含量在274.02~316.51 mg/g之间时已不再发生水解. 研究显示,直接接种酵母菌有助于餐厨垃圾固态厌氧发酵产乙醇含量的提高,体系中还原糖、淀粉含量并未成为餐厨垃圾固态厌氧发酵产乙醇量的限制性因素.      

Uptake of radioiodide by Paenibacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Burkholderia sp. and Rhodococcus sp. isolated from a boreal nutrient-poor bog

Radionuclides, like radioiodine(~(129)I), may escape deep geological nuclear waste repositories and migrate to the surface ecosystems. In surface ecosystems, microorganisms can affect their movement. Iodide uptake of six bacterial strains belonging to the genera Paenibacillus,Pseudomonas, Burkholderia and Rhodococcus isolated from an acidic boreal nutrient-poor bog was tested. The tests were run in four different growth media at three temperatures. All bacterial strains removed iodide from the solution with the highest efficiency shown by one of the Paenibacillus strains with 99% of iodide removed from the solution in one of the used growth media. Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus and one of the two Paenibacillus strains showed highest iodide uptake in 1% yeast extract with maximum values for the distribution coefficient(K_d) ranging from 90 to 270 L/kg DW. The Burkholderia strain showed highest uptake in 1% Tryptone(maximum K_d170 L/kg DW). The Paenibacillus strain V0-1-LW showed exceptionally high uptake in 0.5% peptone + 0.25% yeast extract broth(maximum K_d 1,000,000 L/kg DW). Addition of 0.1% glucose to the 0.5% peptone + 0.25% yeast extract broth reduced iodide uptake at 4℃ and 20℃ and enhanced iodide uptake at 37℃ compared to the uptake without glucose. This indicates that the uptake of glucose and iodide may be competing processes in these bacteria. We estimated that in in situ conditions of the bog,the bacterial uptake of iodide accounts for approximately 0.1%–0.3% of the total sorption of iodide in the surface, subsurface peat, gyttja and clay layers.     

Using a novel adsorbent macrocyclic compound cucurbit[8]uril for Pb removal from aqueous solution

In this study, cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) was utilized as a kind of new adsorbent to remove Pb^2 + ions from aqueous solution. With the solution pH increased from 2 to 6, the removal efficiency of adsorption increased from 55.6% to 74.5%correspondingly. The uptake of Pb^2 + increased rapidly in the initial 30 min, and then the adsorption rate became slower. The Pseudo-second order model could be used to interpret the adsorption kinetics satisfactorily; and the rate determining step in Pb^2 + adsorption onto CB[8] was the external mass transfer step. Equilibrium isotherm study reveals that the Langmuir model gave a better fitting result than Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated by the Langmuir model was 152.67 mg/g for 298 K, 149.70 mg/g for 313 K and 136.42 mg/g for 323 K, respectively. The adsorption is a spontaneous process of exothermic nature. The effect of the adsorbent dosage and the influences of solution pH and co-existing cations were also investigated. The CB[8] was synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR, IR, ESI-MS spectra, SEM-EDAX, Zeta-potential and BET-analysis. The adsorption mechanism was due to the coordination between CB[8] molecule and Pb^2 + ions.