环境试验数据管理系统的应用

介绍了环境试验数据管理系统的功能及组成,阐述了系统建设的目的和达成的目标,并对其在企业内部的应用效果进行了分析。     

电磁阀贮存寿命加速试验技术研究

首先陈述了贮存寿命加速试验的基本原理,介绍电磁阀的结构组成,分析了失效模式和失效机理后,采取恒定应力加速试验方法,然后运用极大似然估计和最小二乘法对数据进行处理,最后得出其贮存寿命等结论。     

基于GJB 150A-2009的高温试验方法研究

介绍了GJB 150换版后的基本信息,以图表形式给出了高温对装备的影响及比重。对GJB150A-2009中的高温试验方法及剪裁指南进行了研究,对高温试验应用要点进行了分析,并以某型号电子装备为例,建立了其寿命期剖面和寿命期环境剖面。     

粉煤灰综合利用的研究进展

从粉煤灰的来源入手,介绍了粉煤灰的化学组成和物质组成,对粉煤灰在污水处理、建材领域和材料学领域等方面的应用机理及国内的应用现状进行了概述,并对粉煤灰的应用进行了展望,用粉煤灰制作的绿色建材和建筑工程,粉煤灰填充材料发展的聚合物复合材料等方面必会有光明的前景.     

以离心机为主体的冲击试验方法

文章简要介绍用离心机进行冲击试验的试验方法，以及所遇到的问题。     

基于耗散理论的电子模块管内传热数值研究

基于耗散理论，研究分析了在新型强化传热结构下管内传热的特性。以流动传热过程中的温度、压力和对流换热系数的为分析对象，使用数值计算的方法，对光管和内插螺旋片两种管道结构下的传热系统进行了研究。通过对网格独立解的研究，得到了适合于本文案例的分析参数，保证了数值计算结果的一致性。研究结果表明，内插螺旋片液冷管结构下的热源温度明显低于光管结构下的热源温度，具有显著的强化传热效果；且其强化效果随着流量增加而逐渐减弱，其驱动代价随着流量增加而显著提高，更加适合于应用在中小流量区域。     

高加速寿命可靠性试验HALT技术研究

从研究开发HALT试验的背景出发，介绍了进行HALT试验的基本原理及其意义，并说明了该试验设备的各组成部分。同时指出了HALT试验可分为四个分段试验过程，对其分别进行了阐述，最后对HALT试验的实施步骤进行了分析，认为该试验是一个重复试验－失效－失效分析－改进并维修－再试验的过程。开展HALT试验技术及其应用的研究与工程实践，可在产品设计阶段快速消除设计缺陷，缩短研发时间和成本，迅速提供产品的质量和固有可靠性。     

航天器研制中的环境试验及其发展趋势(上)

航天器是一类十分特殊的高科技产品，在它寿命期间所经受的环境十分复杂和多样化。环境试验是验证航天器设计和制造质量的主要和经济有效的手段。有其特殊的一套试验理论和做法。本文介绍了在航天器研制过程中环境试验的应用和试验的主要类型。并介绍了21世纪航天器环境试验的发展趋势。     

循环盐雾标准方法

循环盐雾试验是近年来应用逐渐广泛的一种试验方法,较之传统盐雾试验,其与真实环境有着更好的相关性。介绍了循环盐雾试验的常用标准方法,包括涂层材料用标准方法,金属和合金用标准方法,电工电子产品用标准方法和汽车材料用标准方法等。并分析了每种方法的特点,同时指出了标准方法使用中的关注点。     

涉及电动振动台选型的结构与技术的评价和分析

通过振动台系统组成部分（振动台体，磁场电源和功率放大器）涉及的结构与技术的分析，对振动台系统技术指标的先进性，结构设计的合理性及振动台用于振动试验的准确性和安全性的评价提供依据，可供选择振动台系统参考。     

Assessing relatedness and redundancy of forest monitoring and change indicators

Information on changes in forest structure and composition is required for informed, adaptive management and conservation. As the collection of such information requires field studies that are expensive, difficult, and time consuming, the prioritization of metrics can be of significant value. This study evaluates a number of metrics used to assess changes in forest structure and composition for a set of 59 forests in five countries - Kenya, India, Nepal, Uganda and USA. Changes in tree density are significantly positively correlated with changes in species richness, and changes in sapling/shrub density are significantly positively correlated with changes in species richness. Thus, rapid assessments of tree density change can be used to prioritize locations where there may be rapid deterioration in tree diversity, where the collection of detailed information on changes in species composition may be prioritized. Changes in tree density do not reflect changes in shrub and sapling density. The shrub and sapling layer appears to respond differently to human or natural disturbances compared to the tree layer, and may require separate assessment. Changes in tree DBH and tree height are not completely congruent, indicating that measurements of DBH and height may be required to accurately estimate changes in above ground carbon storage over time, for programs such as REDD that provide payment for carbon sequestration services.     

加强顶层设计以精准数据支撑环保决策

生态环境大数据,是反映生态环境状况,污染物来源、构成及排放主体,公众环境诉求等方面的数据集合,是预测环境质量变化、评价污染治理效果、解决紧迫环境问题的科学基础。推动生态环境保护大数据的发展和应用,对于我国供给侧结构性改革,加快绿色环保产业发展,优化社会治理结构,实现治理能力现代化等,具有重大的现实意义。应加强生态环境大数据建设的顶层设计,以改善环境质量和服务民生为核心,完善法规标准,统筹基础设施建设,推动互联互通和开放共享,为公众提供便捷、高效和低成本的公共环境信息服务,让公众看得见、感受到环境质量的改善和生活环境的宜居,确保信息安全。     

Spatial Patterns of Macrobenthic Communities in Shallow-Water Tidal Embayments and Their Association with Environmental Factors

This study examines the distribution, composition, and structure of benthic communities in nine shallow-water semienclosed embayments on Cape Cod, southeastern Massachusetts. The spatial patterns were used to associate benthic characteristics with local environmental factors. Field data from multiple years were collected to measure macrofaunal abundance, community composition, and environmental characteristics. Multivariate statistics were used to analyze the spatial variations of species composition and the abundance of benthic macrofauna. Canonical ordination, specifically redundancy analysis, was used to determine the relative importance of the environmental factors (nutrients and habitat factors) being studied. The analyses demonstrate that the benthic communities in the shallow tidal embayments are clearly clustered in association with the local environments. Species composition and community structure of the benthic macrofauna are significantly correlated with water column parameters, especially with phytoplankton biomass, total nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen.     

黄河三角洲外来入侵物种米草对滩涂昆虫的影响

2005年5，8，10月份对黄河三角洲无棣岔尖、东营市五号桩、小清河口米草分布区与土著植物芦苇分布区的昆虫作了调查，并辅以2003年同期调查资料，结果表明：米草分布区共鉴定出昆虫9种，芦苇分布区鉴定出49种，是米草分布区昆虫种数的5．4倍，米草分布区昆虫种数明显少于芦苇分布区，且优势类群存在很大差异，米草入侵对昆虫的结构、组成与多样性产生了影响。     

我国海洋产业结构与总体产业结构的演进规律对比分析

总体产业结构和海洋产业结构的发展演进呈现出不同的规律性.运用三轴图法对比分析1992-2009总体产业和海洋产业结构的演进规律及我国总体产业和海洋产业的发展情况,在此基础上探讨促进总体产业结构和海洋产业结构演进的主导因素,为产业政策的制订提供科学依据.     

Characteristics of bird communities on surface mine lands in Pennsylvania

A variety of species was observed as either visitors, permanent, or summer residents on surface mines with different ecological adaptations. Passerine species were the most prevalent of the 25 families represented. Bird communities as well as individual species were correlated with the structure and species of vegetation on the mines. The composition of the bird communities changed in response to successional vegetation stages from grassland to forest communities.     

企业环境信息披露:实践与理论——基于政策和文献综述的分析

企业环境信息披露是指把公司各种活动对环境产生影响的信息向外部社会公开.本文主要围绕"企业环境信息披露"这一主题, 简要介绍了中外各国在企业环境信息披露上的政策实践和法律规定,同时,本文梳理了相关的研究,主要集中在三个方面,第一,环境信息内容的界定;第二,企业环境信息披露的决定因素分析;第三,企业环境信息披露的效应分析.本文的介绍将帮助我们初步了解中外各国在企业环境信息披露上的政策差异,以及通过理论文献上的整理厘清企业环境信息披露的主要问题,找到未来中国在企业环境信息披露的理论和政策实践上的方向.     

Mammalian community characteristics on surface mine lands in Pennsylvania

Mammalian communities were studied on 10 surface mines over a four year period. The size and composition of these communities varied among the different areas. The size, composition, and spatial distribution of these mammalian communities were related to the structure of the plant community, and native plant species were of greater importance in determining size and composition of these communities than were those used in reclamation.     

Describing and Mapping Human-Induced Vegetation Change in the Australian Landscape

Australian reporting requirements for native vegetation require improved spatial and temporal information on the anthropogenic effects on vegetation. This includes better linkage of information on vegetation type (e.g., native vegetation association), extent and change, vegetation condition, or modification. The Vegetation Assets, States and Transitions (VAST) framework is presented as a means for ordering vegetation by degree of anthropogenic modification as a series of condition states, from a residual or base-line condition through to total removal. The VAST framework facilitates mapping and accounting for change and trends in the status and condition of vegetation. The framework makes clear the links between land management and vegetation condition states, provides a mechanism for describing the consequences of land management practices on vegetation condition, and contributes to an understanding of resilience. VAST is a simple communication and reporting tool designed to assist in describing and accounting for anthropogenic modification of vegetation. A benchmark is identified for each vegetation association. Benchmarks are based on structure, composition, and current regenerative capacity. This article describes the application of the VAST framework as a consistent national framework to translate and compile existing mapped information on the modification of native vegetation. We discuss the correspondence between these compiled VAST datasets at national and regional scales and describe their relevance for natural resource policy and planning.