燃煤锅炉的烟尘排放情况的物料衡算法研究

燃煤锅炉产生的烟尘量与燃料的成分、锅炉的燃烧方式及除尘率有直接的关系,锅炉的燃烧方式分为层式燃烧和悬浮式燃烧,不同燃烧方式的产尘量有很大区别,通过物料衡算方法,尝试对使用不同燃烧方式的工业锅炉和电厂锅炉排放的烟尘量进行定量分析和计算,该法得到的数据较准确,一般接近监测得到的平均数据.     

锅炉烟尘排放浓度招标成因分析及控制对策

分析了锅炉燃烧排出的危害人类健康的污染物烟尘及SO2超标的成因,以及长庆油田燃煤锅炉烟道气的监测结果。提出了控制锅炉烟尘排放农度的对策及消烟措施。例如：推行煤炭洗选,改进燃料结构,限制烟尘超标的锅炉产品制造、安装,改进燃烧方式,强化炉内燃烧,改造除尘器。     

锅炉烟尘排放浓度超标成因分析及控制对策

分析了锅炉燃烧排出的危害人类健康的污染物烟尘及ＳＯ２超标的成因,以及长庆油田燃煤锅炉烟道气的监测结果。提出了控制锅炉烟尘排放浓度的对策及消烟措施。例如：推行煤炭洗选,改进燃料结构,限制烟尘超标的锅炉产品制造、安装,改进燃烧方式,强化炉内燃烧,改造除尘器。     

含油污泥固化与燃煤混烧的可行性

为利用含油污泥的潜在能量,采用脱水、降粘、固化、固化物脱水等工艺技术进行含油污泥的固化。固化废物经粉碎处理后,按一定比例与燃煤混合,在燃煤锅炉中进行燃烧。混烧后的烟道气中的SO2、NO、烟尘含量等排放指标达到GB 13271-2001《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》的要求。     

改善西宁市空气质量的几点建议

通过介绍西宁市空气污染的现状及其原因 ,提出以电热锅炉取代燃煤锅炉的建议 ,并结合实际分析了电热锅炉在西宁市推广应用的可行性 ,指出以电热锅炉取代燃煤锅炉是有效控制西宁市一、四季度的空气污染的最佳选择。     

燃煤锅炉常见各种除尘器使用现状及存在的问题

通过对城市锅炉除尘器使用现状的调查,重点从除尘器的性能、使用效率等方面入手分析了各类除尘器的优劣和适用性。结合锅炉类型、燃烧方式、煤质、锅炉操作运行的控制管理、除尘器的正确使用等影响除尘效率的因素,找出其存在的问题,总结出我国一般城市消烟除尘工作的基本情况。为燃煤锅炉使用者在选择除尘器方面提供依据。     

锅炉烟气中α值与锅炉运行状况关系探讨

锅炉烟气中α值与锅炉运行状况关系探讨宋向阳（乌鲁木齐市环保局排污收费监理所乌鲁木齐８３０００１）锅炉属于燃烧燃料发热设备，目前乌鲁木齐市的锅炉绝大部分属于燃煤锅炉。煤在燃烧时，需要供给适量的氧气，这部分氧气一般由供给空气而获得，根据可燃物质的量，可以...     

克拉玛依市油田公司节能减排措施

正截至2016年底,新疆油田公司克拉玛依电厂先后实施了热电联供和燃气轮机低氮燃烧改造项目——热电联供项目替代白碱滩区燃煤供热车间7个,关停燃煤锅炉33台,二氧化硫、烟尘、氮氧化物等污染物年排放量减少1 900 t;投资7 530万元开展低氮燃烧系统改造工程,改造后氮氧化合物浓度由320 mg/m3降到了远低于国家标准的12 mg/m3,每年氮氧化物排放量减少2 381 t。供热公司组织实施了城市供热"煤改气"工程,完成了前进、永安、曙征、西南4个锅炉房改造,停用燃煤锅炉13台,新建燃气锅炉13台,污染物排放量年减少     

锅炉烟尘污染与治理

中原油田黄河以北广大地区燃煤锅炉分布广泛,污染物排放量相对较大。为减少大气污染,采取了以下治理措施:提高运行操作水平;选择适宜的燃烧设备;选择效果较好的除尘设施;选择适宜的煤质等。采用上述综合措施后,不仅降低了锅炉的排烟量也降低了锅炉的烟尘排放浓度,锅炉烟尘排放达标。     

燃煤锅炉低温烟气余热利用探讨

针对燃煤锅炉燃烧产生的低温烟气仍具有一定温度的现象,提出通过增设超导热管空气预热器对这部分低温烟气余热加以回收的设想,对锅炉送风进行预热,探讨烟气余热利用可达到的送风温度、节能效果及可能产生的经济效益。     

循环流化床锅炉掺烧高炉煤气的应用

介绍了高炉煤气的主要燃烧特性,分析了高炉煤气在循环流化床锅炉中掺烧时对炉膛换热、过热蒸汽温度、锅炉负荷、热效率、分离装置以及环境的影响,并提出了消除不良影响的相应措施。     

A novel process integration,optimization and design approach for large-scale implementation of oxy-fired coal power plants with CO2 capture

The widespread use of fossil fuels within the current energy infrastructure is considered as the largest source of anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide, which is largely blamed for global warming and climate change. At the current state of development, the risks and costs of non-fossil energy alternatives, such as nuclear, biomass, solar, and wind energy, are so high that they cannot replace the entire share of fossil fuels in the near future timeframe. Additionally, any rapid change towards non-fossil energy sources, even if possible, would result in large disruptions to the existing energy supply infrastructure. As an alternative, the existing and new fossil fuel-based plants can be modified or designed to be either “capture” or “capture-ready” plants in order to reduce their emission intensity through the capture and permanent storage of carbon dioxide in geological formations. This would give the coal-fired power generation units the option to sustain their operations for longer time, while meeting the stringent environmental regulations on air pollutants and carbon emissions in years to come.Currently, there are three main approaches to capturing CO₂ from the combustion of fossil fuels, namely, pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, and oxy-fuel combustion. Among these technology options, oxy-fuel combustion provides an elegant approach to CO₂ capture. In this approach, by replacing air with oxygen in the combustion process, a CO₂-rich flue gas stream is produced that can be readily compressed for pipeline transport and storage. In this paper, we propose a new approach that allows air to be partially used in the oxy-fired coal power plants. In this novel approach, the air can be used to carry the coal from the mills to the boiler (similar to the conventional air-fired coal power plants), while O₂ is added to the secondary recycle flow as well as directly to the combustion zone (if needed). From a practical point of view, this approach eliminates problems with the primary recycle and also lessens concerns about the air leakage into the system. At the same time, it allows the boiler and its back-end piping to operate under slight suction; this avoids the potential danger to the plant operators and equipment due to possible exposure to hot combustion gases, CO₂ and particulates. As well, by integrating oxy-fuel system components and optimizing the overall process over a wide range of operating conditions, an optimum or near-optimum design can be achieved that is both cost-effective and practical for large-scale implementation of oxy-fired coal power plants.     

新型固硫节煤剂在供热锅炉系统中的应用

长庆油田矿区服务事业部各生活小区锅炉90%的能源用于小区采暖供热,锅炉供热能耗大,效率低。为降低供热能耗,2012年1月对庆城基地锅炉系统中的SZL14--1.0/95/70型号锅炉使用固硫节煤剂的应用效果进行了现场试验对比。试验证明:通过添加新型固硫节煤剂能改善炉膛燃烧氛围、促进燃烧完全,降低炉渣含碳量,提高热效率7%,节煤率12%。同时,固硫效果明显,烟尘排放CO、SO2明显减少。     

Utilization of coal combustion by-products in sustainable construction materials

Solid waste management is gaining significant importance with the ever-increasing quantities of industrial by-products and wastes. With the environmental awareness and scarcity of space for landfilling, wastes/by-product utilization has become an attractive alternative to disposal. Several industrial by-products are produced from manufacturing processes, service industries and municipal solid wastes. Some of these industrial by-products/waste materials could possibility be used in cement-based materials.Coal combustion by-products (CCBs) represent incombustible materials left after combustion of coal in conventional and/or advanced clean-coal technology combustors. These include fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-products from advanced clean-coal technology combustors. This paper briefly describes various coal combustion products produced, as well as current best recycling use options for these materials. Materials, productions, properties, potential applications in manufacture of emerging materials for sustainable construction, as well as environmental impact are also briefly discussed.     

煤中砷及燃煤固砷技术研究

对煤中砷的含量、分布、赋存状态等地球化学特征进行了综述,分析了煤炭燃烧过程中砷的迁移转化行为与释放特性,指出煤中砷的燃烧释放不仅与砷的物理化学性质有关,更取决于煤中的浓度、赋存状态及燃烧工况等因素。进一步讨论了天然钙基材料燃煤固砷技术及燃煤砷污染控制的研究现状。     

无烟气旁路脱硫系统在锅炉投油运行时的措施

无烟气旁路的脱硫装置与锅炉串联为一体,成为锅炉烟风道的一部分,是烟气排放的唯一通道,脱硫装置的高投运率是确保锅炉主机安全稳定运行的关键。本文分析了锅炉启动及低负荷稳燃运行时锅炉投油对脱硫装置的影响因素,从设计和运行的角度,提出了相应的解决措施。     

油田注汽锅炉烟气余热利用与低碳减排

通过对注汽锅炉烟气余热利用潜力的分析及开展余热利用方式对比分析,采用在注汽锅炉对流段上安装热管换热器,使高温烟气与助燃空气换热,利用换热器回收烟气余热。该技术的现场应用,实现了注汽锅炉燃料单耗降低和污染物排放量降低的目的,取得了良好的节能、减排效果。     

Oxy-fuel coal combustion—A review of the current state-of-the-art

Carbon dioxide emissions will continue being a major environmental concern due to the fact that coal will remain a major fossil-fuel energy resource for the next few decades. To meet future targets for the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, capture and storage of CO₂ is required. Carbon capture and storage technologies that are currently the focus of research centres and industry include: pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, and oxy-fuel combustion. This review deals with the oxy-fuel coal combustion process, primarily focusing on pulverised coal (PC) combustion, and its related research and development topics. In addition, research results related to oxy-fuel combustion in a circulating fluidised bed (CFB) will be briefly dealt with.During oxy-fuel combustion, a combination of oxygen, with a purity of more than 95 vol.%, and recycled flue gas (RFG) referred to as oxidant is used for combusting the fuel producing a gas consisting of mainly CO₂ and water vapour, which after purification and compression, is ready for storage. The high oxygen demand is supplied by a cryogenic air separation process, which is the only commercially available mature technology. The separation of oxygen from air as well as the purification and liquefaction of the CO₂-enriched flue gas consumes significant auxiliary power. Therefore, the overall net efficiency is expected to be decreased by 8–12% points, corresponding to a 21–35% increase in fuel consumption. Alternatively, ion transport membranes (ITMs) are proposed for oxygen separation, which might be more energy efficient. However, since ITMs are far away from becoming a mature technology, it is widely expected that cryogenic air separation will be the selected technology in the near future. Oxygen combustion is associated with higher temperatures compared with conventional air combustion. Both fuel properties as well as limitations of steam and metal temperatures of the various heat exchanger sections of the boiler require a moderation of the temperatures in the combustion zone and in the heat-transfer sections. This moderation in temperature is accomplished by means of recycled flue gas. The interdependencies between the fuel properties, the amount and temperature of the recycled flue gas, and the resulting oxygen concentration in the combustion atmosphere are reviewed.The different gas atmosphere resulting from oxy-fuel combustion gives rise to various questions related to firing, in particular, with respect to the combustion mechanism, pollutant reduction, the risk of corrosion, and the properties of the fly ash or its resulting deposits. In this review, detailed nitrogen and sulphur chemistry was investigated in a laboratory-scale facility under oxy-fuel combustion conditions. Oxidant staging succeeded in reducing NO formation with effectiveness comparable to that typically observed in conventional air combustion. With regard to sulphur, a considerable increase in the SO₂ concentration was measured, as expected. However, the H₂S concentration in the combustion atmosphere in the near-flame zone increased as well. Further results were obtained in a pilot-scale test facility, whereby acid dew points were measured and deposition probes were exposed to the combustion environment. Slagging, fouling and corrosion issues have so far been addressed via short-term exposure and require further investigation.Modelling of PC combustion processes by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become state-of-the-art for conventional air combustion. Nevertheless, the application of these models for oxy-fuel combustion conditions needs adaptation since the combustion chemistry and radiative heat transfer is altered due to the different combustion gas atmosphere.CFB technology can be considered mature for conventional air combustion. In addition to its inherent advantages like good environmental performance and fuel flexibility, it offers the possibility of additional heat exchanger arrangements in the solid recirculation system, i.e. the ability to control combustion temperatures despite relatively low flue gas recycle ratios even when combusting in the presence of high oxygen concentrations.     

NO70燃烧系统在燃煤锅炉脱硝中的应用

介绍了NO70燃烧系统的特点以及计算机流体力学模拟原理。分析了使用NO70燃烧系统技术对旺隆电厂的2×100MW四角切圆燃煤锅炉进行改造,有效降低氮氧化物排放量并提高机组效率的案例。