泡沫陶瓷过滤煤气技术研究

介绍用泡沫陶瓷片作为过滤元件进行模拟高温焦炉煤气除尘，采用一种新的除尘工艺，增加了有效工作时间，避免了传统工艺很容易堵塞的弊端；并对相关实验数据进行了记录分析，充分验证了实验方案的有效性；最后，对泡沫陶瓷的相关应用作出探讨性的预测。     

新型低气阻高效除尘器的研究与应用

为了提高除尘器对细颗粒物的捕捉效率,制备了一种由蜂窝陶瓷、聚酰胺材质扭线刷和缚尘剂组成的除尘模块。其中填充了聚酰胺扭线刷的蜂窝陶瓷为除尘模块的主体,该主体独有的结构将拦截尘粒的滤料纤维分布在与气流方向垂直的平面上,有利于含尘气体的捕捉。缚尘剂为除尘模块的增强因子,它可以在除尘模块表面形成液膜,用来抑制除尘时的二次扬尘,提高除尘效率。通过对涂覆有缚尘剂的除尘模块的除尘效率的研究表明,含尘气体通过除尘模块,对粒径2μm的颗粒除尘效率最高可达到97.08%,表明了除尘模块去除细颗粒物的潜力;另外,在实验中设定的条件下,系统的压降保持在85 Pa以下。总体而言,该除尘模块在保持较低压降的同时对细颗粒物有较高的去除效率,有应用在工业除尘的潜力。     

粉尘预荷电与荷高压导电多孔陶瓷管耦合的除尘新技术研究

研究了粉尘预荷电与荷高压导电多孔陶瓷管耦合的除尘新技术。该技术首先通过设置直流负电晕(-20kV)的预荷电器对粉尘进行荷电,再使含尘气体穿过荷载高压负电(-5 000V)的导电多孔陶瓷管的管壁而进行过滤除尘。结果表明,该技术降低了导电多孔陶瓷管除尘过程的气体压降。在相同除尘时间(60min)内比较,该技术的粉饼压降(787Pa)仅为无荷电条件下粉饼压降(4 300Pa)的0.183倍;在相同粉饼质量(1 000g)的情况下比较,该技术的粉饼压降仅为无荷电条件下40 min粉饼压降(2 747Pa)的0.286倍。这很可能是因为粉尘荷电导致的颗粒间斥力使粉饼更加疏松,而且导电多孔陶瓷管荷载与粉尘相同的电荷,两者结合松散,减小了过滤过程中的气体压降。该技术有望显著降低工业多孔陶瓷管除尘过程的气体压降,并延长其再生周期。     

导电泡沫陶瓷过滤柴油机排气微粒的研究

柴油机排气微粒对环境危害严重,研究开发排气过滤技术是解决问题的有效措施之一.利用表面密集排列短纤维的导电泡沫陶瓷作为微粒过滤器的滤芯,对柴油机排气微粒的过滤效率可达90%,并可进行原位通电加热再生,再生后过滤效率不下降.同时,对表面纤维化导电泡沫陶瓷的过滤机理进行了初步探讨.     

荷电水雾除尘器捕尘效率的实验研究

实验分析了影响荷电水雾除尘器除尘效率的主要因素,在此基础上提出了一种新的除尘效率数学模型,该模型明确地表达了过滤风速、喷雾量以及雾滴荷质比对除尘效率的贡献情况。对实验结果及数学模型的分析表明,对于带有振弦栅的荷电水雾除尘系统,喷雾量对除尘效率的影响比过滤风速及荷质比更为显著,新除尘效率模型的提出对指导生产具有重要意义。实验中同时确定了荷电水雾除尘器最佳操作参数,在粉尘入口浓度为412 mg/m3的情况下,当过滤风速为16 m/s,喷雾量为12×10-3 m3/min,雾滴荷质为3.5×10-4 c/kg时,除尘效率可达99.5%。     

燃煤手烧炉烟尘生成特征及其控制

使用烟气净化测试系统,对燃煤手烧炉燃烧过程烟尘浓度变化进行了在线测定,对水浴净化前后烟气中的颗粒分散度进行了测定分析,并对SW型烟气净化装置的除尘效率进行了测定计算。实验表明,燃煤手烧炉的烟尘生成过程,与其加煤方式直接相关,且受燃烧温度的一定影响。在正常工作条件下,SW型燃煤炉窑烟气净化装置的平均除尘效率可达96 4%。     

新型干式微孔过滤除尘器的实验研究

采用陶瓷质微孔管代替传统的纤维滤料,研制开发出一种新型干式微孔过滤除尘器.介绍了该除尘器组成、特点、结构和陶瓷微孔管过滤原理.实验发现,在入口粉尘浓度范围1 000～3 000 mg/m<'3>,过滤速度1.0～1.5 m/min时,该过滤除尘器具有较高的除尘效率,在实验最大过滤速度2.02 m/min条件下,压力损失为926 Pa,能耗较小.与传统的袋式除尘器相比,该除尘器具有耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐磨损、使用寿命长和除尘效率高等优点.     

燃煤手烧炉烟尘生成特征及其控制

使用烟气净化测试系统，对燃煤手烧炉燃烧过程烟尘浓度变化进行了在线测定，对水浴净化前后烟气中的颗粒分散度进行了测定分析，并对SW型烟气净化装置的除尘效率进行了测定计算。实验表明，燃煤手烧炉的烟尘生成过程，与其加煤方式直接相关，且受燃烧温度的一定影响。在正常工作条件下，SW型燃煤炉窑烟气净化装置的平均除尘效率可达96．4％。     

收尘区脉冲供电对电除尘器收集性能的影响

建立了双区电除尘器实验模型,研究了预荷电压、不同供电方式下极板间距、电极型式对双区电除尘器收尘效果的影响.结果表明:随着预荷电压逐渐升高,除尘效率也随之增加,双区除尘效果明显优于单区的除尘效果.脉冲供电对电除尘器的除尘性能影响明显,与直流供电相比,脉冲供电对PM25的分级效率可提高16.9%;在较高的电压时,极板间距为...     

高梯度磁分离除尘实验研究

通过对强磁性粉尘的磁分离实验研究 ,确定了影响除尘效率的主要因素及其影响规律。然后 ,通过正交实验得出高梯度磁分离除尘的最佳工艺条件。     

Ceramic tiles with black pigment made from stainless steel plant dust: Physical properties and long-term leaching behavior of heavy metals

Stainless steel plant dust is a hazardous by-product of the stainless steelmaking industry. It contains large amounts of Fe, Cr, and Ni, and can be potentially recycled as a raw material of inorganic black pigment in the ceramic industry to reduce environmental contamination and produce value-added products. In this paper, ceramic tiles prepared with black pigment through recycling of stainless steel plant dust were characterized in terms of physical properties, such as bulk density, water absorption, apparent porosity, and volume shrinkage ratio, as well as the long-term leaching behavior of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Zn). The results show that good physical properties of ceramic tiles can be obtained with 8% pigments addition, sample preparation pressure of 25 MPa, and sintering at 1200 ºC for 30 min. The major controlling leaching mechanism for Cr and Pb from the ceramic tiles is initial surface wash-off, while the leaching behavior of Cd, Ni, and Zn from the stabilized product is mainly controlled by matrix diffusion. The reutilization process is safe and effective to immobilize the heavy metals in the stainless steel plant dust.

Implications: Stainless steel plant dust is considered as a hazardous material, and it can be potentially recycled for black pigment preparation in the ceramic industry. This paper provides the characteristics of the ceramic tiles with black pigment through recycling stainless steel plant dust, and the long-term leaching behavior and controlling leaching mechanisms of heavy metals from the ceramic tile. The effectiveness of the treatment process is also evaluated.     

滤料负载粉尘层对气态汞脱除性能的实验研究

通过不同性能纤维滤料负载燃煤飞灰粉尘层,来模拟袋式除尘器滤袋表面粉尘附着层,进而研究袋滤器用不同性能纤维滤料和粉尘附着层对燃煤烟气中Hg0的联合脱除性能。在固定床实验系统上分别进行了不同纤维滤料和燃煤飞灰粉尘层,以及经实验优选得到的华博特滤料负载燃煤飞灰粉尘层脱除燃煤烟气中Hg0的实验研究。结果表明,燃煤飞灰粉尘层和华博特滤料对Hg0分别有一定的脱除作用,脱除效率可达35%和42.5%,它们对Hg0的脱除是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的结果;同时,华博特滤料负载燃煤飞灰粉尘层对Hg0的联合脱除效率受到吸附反应温度、入口汞浓度和烟气停留时间等因素的影响,最佳脱汞率可达64.4%;吸附反应温度越高,脱除效率越低;烟气停留时间越大,脱除效率越高;入口汞浓度的提高并不一定提高华博特滤料负载飞灰粉尘层的脱汞效果。     

煤矸石热电厂烟气治理技术及应用

介绍了一种新型喷淋泡沫塔在煤矸石热电厂烟气治理中的应用。根据离心、喷雾、泡沫相结合的多级净化原理 ,经旋风喷雾、二级喷淋泡沫板洗涤 ,脱硫效率高达 92 4 %。     

双循环多级水幕吸收塔烟气除尘脱硫性能研究

以改进后的双循环多级水幕塔对烟气进行除尘脱硫性能的研究，利用双循环不同pH值控制的优点和多级水幕的效果，增加气液接触面积和传质动力，提高SO₂吸收效果。在正交实验的最佳运行工况基础上，实验从烟气流量、上下两段pH、L/G和SO₂进气浓度等方面进行单因素研究。结果表明，除尘效率维持在98%以上，进气SO₂浓度在5 000 mg/m³以下时，脱硫率在93%以上。上段pH值为6、下段pH值为5、L/G在15左右的脱硫效率和运行工况最佳，无结垢现象发生。改进后的吸收塔具有良好的应用前景，实验结果对于现场脱硫设备的调试和运行有很好的参考价值。     

The Petroleum Refining Industry—Air Pollution Problems and Control Methods

Polyurethane foam was incorporated as a prefilter on standard hi-volume samplers of the National Air Sampling Network (NASN) in an exploratory study. The foam selectively filtered particles of various sizes. The characteristics of the particles passing through the foam approached the respirable size fraction as defined by reports of the Atomic Energy Commission. The respirable fraction was then collected on a glass-fiber filter. Parameters such as pore size and thickness of the foam, air flow rates, and loadings were studied to determine their effects on the filtration of “respirable” dust. Ambient air was the particulate source, and sizing was accomplished by an Andersen sampler coupled with nephelometric analyses. Some sizing was also done microscopically. The foam was evaluated at several locations to account for possible variations in ambient air over areas of different industrial complexity.     

Acoustic barriers obtained from industrial wastes

Acoustic pollution is an environmental problem that is becoming increasingly more important in our society. Likewise, the accumulation of generated waste and the need for waste management are also becoming more and more pressing. In this study we describe a new material--called PROUSO--obtained from industrial wastes. PROUSO has a variety of commercial and engineering, as well as building, applications. The main raw materials used for this environmentally friendly material come from slag from the aluminium recycling process, dust from the marble industry, foundry sands, and recycled expanded polystyrene from recycled packaging. Some natural materials, such as plastic clays, are also used. To obtain PROUSO we used a conventional ceramic process, forming new mineral phases and incorporating polluted elements into the structure. Its physical properties make PROUSO an excellent acoustic and thermal insulation material. It absorbs 95% of the sound in the frequency band of the 500 Hz. Its compressive strength makes it ideal for use in ceramic wall building.     

Removal of Small Particles from Air by Foam in a Sieve-Plate Column

Particle collection by foam produced on sieve plate apparatus was studied in a 3 x 3 in. sq column and in a 2 in. diam circular column. Experimental data have been obtained for silica test dust, glass beads, sulfur aerosol, polystyrene beads, and extensively for methylene blue aerosol. A new technique utilizing the Goetz aerosol spectrometer was developed and was used to obtain the collection efficiency as a function of particle diameter. A correlation was developed based on inertial mechanism. In this correlation the collection efficiency is expressed as a function of inertial parameter and foam density. The pressure drop in the operating range varied from 2 to 4 in. of water.     

Mesoscale behavior study of collector aggregations in a wet dust scrubber

In order to address the bottleneck problem of low fine-particle removal efficiency of self-excited dust scrubbers, this paper is focused on the influence of the intermittent gas-liquid two-phase flow on the mesoscale behavior of collector aggregations. The latter is investigated by the application of high-speed dynamic image technology to the self-excited dust scrubber experimental setup. The real-time-scale monitoring of the dust removal process is provided to clarify its operating mechanism at the mesoscale level. The results obtained show that particulate capturing in self-excited dust scrubber is provided by liquid droplets, liquid films/curtains, bubbles, and their aggregations. Complex spatial and temporal structures are intrinsic to each kind of collector morphology, and these are considered as the major factors controlling the dust removal mechanism of self-excited dust scrubbers. For the specific parameters of gas-liquid two-phase flow under study, the evolution patterns of particular collectors reflect the intrinsic, intermittent, and complex characteristics of the temporal structure. The intermittent initiation of the collector and the air hole formation-collapse cyclic processes provide time and space for the fine dust to escape from being trapped by the collectors. The above mesoscale experimental data provide more insight into the factors reducing the dust removal efficiency of self-excited dust scrubbers.

Implications: This paper focuses on the reconsideration of the capturer aggregations of self-excited dust scrubbers from the mesoscale. Complex structures in time and space scales exist in each kind of capturer morphology. With changes of operating parameters, the morphology and spatial distributions of capturers diversely change. The change of the capturer over time presents remarkable, intermittent, and complex characteristics of the temporal structure.     

电除尘器气流分布与粉尘沉降规律试验研究

简要介绍了斜气流技术机理,进行了均匀气流和斜气流状态下的粉尘沉降试验.通过试验数据分析,总结出了电除尘器内部两种气流分布状态下的粉尘沉降规律,指出斜气流技术的应用在提高除尘效率方面具有重大意义,并为斜气流技术的应用提出了一些建议.