青岛市循环经济发展水平综合评价

运用层次分析法,基于减量化、资源化、无害化"3R"理论原则,构建了适合青岛市的区域循环经济评价体系和权重体系,确立了区域循环经济评价分级标准和评判模型,并对2005年青岛市循环经济发展状况进行了分析和评价。结果表明:青岛市循环经济发展综合评价指数为0.7291,处于Ⅱ级水平,即中等循环状态;其下属的三个功能指标评价结果表现为:资源化>无害化>减量化;人均废水排放量、农村秸秆综合利用率、危险废物处置率是影响青岛市循环经济发展的限制因素。     

1979~2016年中国城市生活垃圾产生和处理时空特征

改革开放以来,随着我国社会经济发展、居民生活水平提高,城市生活垃圾与日俱增,其妥善处理是我国各级政府面临的重要环境管理问题之一.本文通过系统收集和整理1979~2016年我国城市生活垃圾产生和处理的政府统计及相关中英文文献数据,分析了我国城市生活垃圾产生和处理的时空演变特征,建立了全国与各地区城市生活垃圾物理组分数据清单.研究结果表明：1979~2016年我国城市生活垃圾产生量显著增长至2016年的2.04亿t,以厨余类为主要成分.全国城市生活垃圾无害化处理率达到96.6%,无害化处理方式逐渐转向为焚烧为主、填埋补充的技术格局.我国各地区城市生活垃圾产生量、产生量增速、物理组分、无害化处理率和处理能力等存在时空差异,各地区应因地制宜,结合国家专项规划,提高生活垃圾减量化和资源化水平,弥补无害化处理缺口.     

水泥窑协同处理危险弃废物的应用

危险废物对生态环境和人类健康构成严重的危害。水泥窑协同处理危险废物能同时实现减量化、无害化以及资源化,是最有效的处理危险废物的方法。大连东泰产业废弃物处理有限公司利用水泥窑协同处理危险废物,实现废物处置与水泥生产的优化组合。     

水泥窑协同处理危险弃废物的应用

危险废物对生态环境和人类健康构成严重的危害。水泥窑协同处理危险废物能同时实现减量化、无害化以及资源化,是最有效的处理危险废物的方法。大连东泰产业废弃物处理有限公司利用水泥窑协同处理危险废物。实现废物处置与水泥生产的优化组合。     

垃圾分类:全民参与助力绿色发展

<正>我国固体废物产生量较大,《2018年全国大、中城市固体废物污染环境防治年报》显示,2017年我国202个大、中城市产生2亿多吨生活垃圾。有人说"垃圾是放错了地方的资源",面对日益严峻的"垃圾围城"窘境,实行垃圾分类,有助于实现垃圾的减量化、资源化和无害化处理,对提升生     

危险废物信息化管理模式的探讨

通过对危险废物管理的现状分析,阐述了危险废物信息化管理模式的必要性。为规范区域危险废物的流转与处理,以信息技术为手段,利用"互联网+环保",创新传统危险废物管理模式,建立完整、先进的信息化管理系统。以危险废物信息平台为依托,建立交易平台、储运中心、资源化中心、无害化处理中心四级网络模式,实现平台交易,线下储运及资源化、无害化处理处置为一体的危险废物管理系统,解决区域危险废物管理难题。     

大庆市城市生活垃圾卫生填埋处理现状分析与对策

城市生活垃圾的处置是环境保护的一个重大课题.目前世界上成熟的生活垃圾处置方法有卫生填埋法、焚烧法、堆肥法、热解制能法等,与资源回收相结合,形成立体的综合垃圾处置系统.单一的垃圾处置方式已经证明不符合"减量化"、"无害化"、"资源化"的垃圾处置原则.对大庆市城市生活垃圾的来源、产生量、物理特征以及处理现状进行了认真的研究与分析,提出了适合市情的措施与对策,以实现生活垃圾的无害化、资源化和减量化.     

林甸县城市生活垃圾卫生填埋处理现状分析与对策

对林甸县城市生活垃圾的来源、产生量、物理特征以及处理过程与方法进行了认真的研究与分析,提出了适合县情的措施与对策.以现实生活垃圾的无害化、资源化和减量化.     

中小城市餐厨废弃物资源化利用和无害化处理技术分析

近年来我国中小城市餐厨废弃物产生量急剧增加,由于缺乏完善的回收处理技术体系,衍生出一系列环境和社会问题.不恰当的处理餐厨废弃物不仅会造成环境污染、危害人民身体健康,同时也是对资源的巨大浪费.结合国内外餐厨垃圾处理技术发展现状和趋势,资源化、减量化、无害化是目前技术的主要追求方向,本文对适合中小城市餐厨废弃物资源化利用和无害化处理的技术进行了详细分析,以期对中小城市环境卫生改善和资源回收利用提供指导.     

危险废物环境风险防控关键问题与对策

国家高度重视生态文明建设和环境保护工作,固体废物尤其是危险废物的风险防控是加强生态文明建设和改善环境质量的关键.我国当前危险废物环境风险防控面临的形势主要是产生量大且持续增加、污染事故频发和环境风险凸显、利用处置短板明显以及综合利用风险防控明显不足;面临该严峻形势的关键原因,包括管理制度顶层设计不够完善、风险防控基础研究薄弱、环评的作用未充分发挥和管理支撑体系不够完善.针对面临严峻形势的关键问题,建议从4个方面加强危险废物风险防控:①加强危险废物减量化、资源化和无害化的协同,强化产生者主体责任;②强化危险废物环境影响评价监管的事前、事中和事后监管机制;③建立《国家危险废物管理名录》,统一协调危险废物的污染防治和利用处置管理;④完善危险废物管理标准规范体系,提高监管能力和建设全过程信息化监管系统.      

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰处置技术与应用瓶颈

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰富含二噁英、重金属和可溶盐,属于危险废物,需进行无害化处理。但当前垃圾焚烧产业普遍存在“重烟气、轻飞灰”问题,造成飞灰处置技术和能力不足,已成为当前制约垃圾焚烧产业发展的重要瓶颈。综述了飞灰的产生、物化特性以及处置技术。重点介绍了当前普遍采用的3种处理方式以及技术应用难点,包括螯合稳定耦合填埋、水洗脱盐耦合水泥窑协同处置和熔融玻璃化处理等,以期为垃圾焚烧飞灰的无害化处置行业提供技术参考。     

青岛市废有机溶剂现状分析与评价

调查分析青岛市废有机溶剂产生现状、污染特性、处置流向及回收利用的概况。结合青岛市产业结构特点,遵循资源化、减量化、无害化处置原则,提出废有机溶剂管理的对策和建议。研究结果对危险废物的有效管理和促进循环经济发展具有指导意义。     

固体废物焚烧处置及其清洁发展机制

包含化石碳(如塑料等)在内的废物焚烧处置和露天燃烧是废物部门中最重要的CO₂排放来源之一. 在全国节能减排大背景下,废物焚烧发电成为温室气体减排的有效途径. 对我国固体废物焚烧处置现状及趋势进行了分析,同时研究了国内城市固体废物和危险废物焚烧的区域特征. 结果表明:随着经济发展和废物产生量的急剧增长,废物焚烧处置技术必将成为我国未来固体废物处置的主要方式;伴随着废物焚烧行业的发展,有大量项目可以注册CDM (清洁发展机制)项目,可为温室气体减排做出较大的贡献.      

上海城市生活垃圾处置现状及发展方向

分析上海生活垃圾的特点和处理处置现状,对处理处置现状存在的问题进行了分析说明。分类收集要实行日常化,无害化处理水平有待提高,焚烧造成了严重的二次污染,要加强对渗滤液的处置,并且末端处置技术中填埋处置比例过高。同时提出了生活垃圾处置的技术路线和发展方向,要以无害化、减量化、资源化为处理目标。要求巩固和完善生活垃圾卫生填埋技术,谨慎发展生活垃圾焚烧技术,充分重视生活垃圾生化处理技术,多元并举走可持续发展之路。     

Industrial hazardous wastes in Finland – trends related to the waste prevention goal

The objective of this study was to analyse one of the goals of the latest National Waste Plan of Finland: the relative reduction of hazardous waste (HW) generation by 15% over the period 1992 to 2005.Official statistics and a national database of the annual reports of HW generators were used as one basis for this study. A case study was focused on a selection of HW classes that were considered to be typical to the metal workshop industry. These HW classes were combined to form functional HW groups for the purpose of forming time series. Trends at the company level were studied by performing interviews and by studying the environmental permit documents of about 50 companies.The total amount of HW reported in Finland increased by 133% over the studied period. Meanwhile the GDP of Finland grew by 74%. This means that thus far no de-coupling of HW generation with economic growth can be verified. However, several changes in the definition and classification of HW and changes in the statistical methods make the figures for the trend analysis unreliable.The waste groups in the metals sector that increased in quantity were: metal finishing wastes such as pickling acids, wastes from painting and lacquering, oily wastes and – more modestly – HW containing cyanide or heavy metals. HW from machining oils and emulsions did not increased significantly and finally, hazardous foundry wastes and HW from adhesives and sealants decreased. The number of registered HW producers has grown strongly, even doubled, in several waste groups, which may explain most of the growth. In addition, the changes in the HW classification apply also to these waste groups. The study of some exceptional anomalies in the data revealed significant coding errors in the waste information database.Interviews of personnel from selected companies from the metals sector indicated that all of them had been taking action to minimize wastes, including HW. However in the national or waste group specific data, this trend towards cleaner production was overshadowed by changes in classification, statistical errors, increased production, improvements in enforcement and also conflicting technical trends, such as increased HW output from wastewater treatment or air pollution control systems.The waste monitoring and reporting system in the industry should be improved to provide data about the specific generation of wastes from specific industrial processes. Such data could then be used in describing the BAT for these processes, as pointed out earlier by other experts.The authors suggest that quantitative HW prevention targets would not be effective in the forthcoming National Waste Plan for Finland and that HW minimization goals should mainly be promoted via sustainable chemicals policy, integrated pollution control and integrated product policy. The goal of minimizing HW generation is not feasible as an independent policy target.     

危险废物规范化管理措施研究

危险废物对人类和环境能产生极大的危害,具有"废物"和"资源"的双重属性。危险废物环境管理是从其产生、收集、贮存、转移、处置利用的全过程管理。文章阐述了危险废物的管理现状和特点,结合当前危险废物规范化管理面临的严峻形势,从完善法律法规体系、摸清危险废物底数、提升企业危险废物管理水平、推进危险废物处置项目建设、加强监管能力建设、加强宣传培训等方面提出了一些行之有效的合理化建议、对策,以更好地促进危险废物的管理工作。     

危险废物无害化管理大数据分析应用研究初探

环境质量改善是我国"十三五"期间环保工作的核心,危险废物管理是影响环境质量的重要因素。近年来,我国危险废物污染防治工作在制度建设和能力建设等方面取得积极进展,但仍存在底数不清、减量不足、利用不畅等问题,频发的危险废物非法倾倒和掩埋已成为突发环境事件的重要诱因,严重威胁环境安全和人体健康。严峻的环境形势迫使我国改进传统的危险废物管理方式。文章从危险废物无害化管理现状分析入手,提出构建危险废物无害化管理大数据应用研究平台的建议,实现依靠数据管理、数据决策和预测性分析的构想。     

Income effect or policy result: a test of the environmental Kuznets Curve

Taipei Municipal City (TMC) began implementing a policy of a plastic-bag-based disposal fee for household solid waste treatment in July 2000, while other counties kept their same charge of a disposal fee based on potable water consumption. Taiwan's EPA has highly valued the outcome of TMC's new policy and has thus required all counties to follow TMC in employing a policy of a plastic-bag-based disposal fee accompanied by a compulsory sorting system. We attempt to verify whether the new policy implemented by TMC is successful in the reduction of general waste collected and then we seek to identify what other factors contribute to such a successful result.This paper provides a general overview of household waste management practices employed in Taiwan and the changes of household waste collected over time through simple statistical analysis and management practices, including evaluating waste recovery and recycling initiatives. The authors employ statistical analysis to verify TMC's new policy and to examine the factors that affect its success in addition to the policy changes through a test on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). We separate the data into three groups: TMC, non-TMC regions, and the pooled data (combination of TMC and non-TMC). The results show that: (1) the policy of a plastic-bag-based disposal fee is significantly effective in the reduction of general waste collected; and (2) the per capita household solid waste collected in both regions (TMC and non-TMC) is significantly related with household incomes in an EKC relationship. However, the test of EKC relationships on the pooled data is not significant.