基于节约集约利用对策的农村居民点用地分析——以广东省连南瑶族自治县为例

长期以来，我国很多地区农村居民点建设基本处于自发状态，散、乱、差是其基本特点，土地利用程度低，土地资源浪费现象普遍存在。在对连南瑶族自治县农村居民点用地问题分析研究的基础上，指出了存在问题的根源，并且提出了农村居民点用地节约集约利用对策。     

农村合村并居中居民点土地整理研究——以德州市为例

随着我国城镇化水平的提高,农村居民点用地与耕地、城市建设用地的矛盾日益突出.在综述农村居民点土地整理研究现状的基础上,结合国家农村建设用地标准对德州市农村居民点用地潜力进行了测算,对居民点土地整理的效益进行了评价,并对德州市合村并居中农村居民点土地整理提出了建议.     

农村居民点用地问题研究--以安徽宣城市为例

引入距离指数、分散度等定量指标,采用定性与定量相结合的方法,从用地数量、布局等方面对宣城市农村居民点用地现状进行了阐述,在此基础上对农村居民点用地存在的主要问题进行了深入分析与探讨,并针对存在的问题提出相应的对策及建议.其研究结果不但为农村居民点用地整理的开展、农村社区生态环境的改善等提供了理论参考,而且对土地利用总体规划的修编提供了重要参考价值.     

基于农户意愿的河北省农村居民点集约用地标准探讨

农村居民点用地是农村土地利用的重要组成部分,其用地规模和利用方式在极大程度上决定着城镇建设用地供给的来源指标和耕地资源的警戒安全.以农村居民点综合分类为基础,以农户集约用地意愿调查为数据来源,运用多元线性回归模型测算农村居民点集约用地的最佳标准,并提出环首都和环省会平原带状集中等五种相应的集约用地模式.研究结果对河北省宏观调控农村建设发展和土地利用方向,促进新农村建设具有指导意义和实用价值.     

湛江市农村居民点用地面积变化及驱动力分析

利用湛江市1996—2005年农村居民点用地面积数据及相关社会经济数据,在分析农村居民点用地面积变化的基础上,采用主成分分析法对其进行了驱动力分析。结果表明,近十年来湛江市农村居民点用地总面积呈逐年上升的趋势,而农村居民点人均用地面积总体呈减少趋势。湛江市农村居民点用地面积增加主要集中在徐闻、吴川和市区。湛江市农村居民点用地面积变化主要受农村人口增长、农村经济发展、农业结构调整、农村交通发展和乡镇企业发展等因素的影响。     

县域土地利用变化及影响因素分析

分析了河北省霸州市1996年和2003年的土地利用变化状况。人类经济活动的影响，大量耕地转化为非农业用地，耕地的主要去向是居民点及工矿用地、交通用地。依据获取的数据，计算出土地利用综合指数为-0．02，说明霸州市土地利用处于调整时期。详细分析了经济发展、人口增长以及地方政策因素对耕地非农化的影响。     

农村居民点土地整理研究--以芜湖市为例

农村居民点土地整理是近几年来产生的一种新型的农村土地整理形式，其研究尚处于不成熟阶段。运用定性与定量相结合的方法对农村居民点土地整理工作前期的几个理论要点，即土地整理的必要性、可行性以及效益等，并结合芜湖市农村居民点的具体情况进行了详细的分析论述。其研究成果不但有助于我国土地整理事业的发展，而且可为其它地区的农村居民点土地整理工作提供一定的理论基础。     

农村工业化进程中的土地资源优化配置研究——以浙江永康市为例

在阐述农村工业化与土地资源优化配置关系问题的基础上，以浙江永康市为例，对当前我国农村工业化过程中土地资源优化配置问题进行了研究。研究表明，永康目前处于工业化中期阶段，工业用地扩张趋势明显，但同时也存在用地结构布局不甚合理、集约利用程度较低以及环境影响等问题。解决这些问题可通过切实保护耕地，合理安排建设用地规模与布局，提高土地集约利用率和控制环境污染等有效途径。     

加快四川省农村居民点集中建设的步伐

四川省农村面积广阔,农民居住分散,占地面积较多,因此,加快实施农村住宅居民点集中建设的步伐,是该省保护耕地,减少土地资源浪费,挖掘土地潜力和拓展农村消费市场的有效办法。国家建设部对农村人均建设用地指标作了严格规定,四川省在此基础上也对本省农村人均建设...     

青海省国土资源（土地部分）“十五”计划和2015年长远规划研究

文章系统分析了青海省土地资源特点和土地利用现状,以及“十五”到2015年期间在西部大开发形势下,土地规划、管理所面临的有利条件和不利因素,在明确规划指导思想、目标任务的基础上,提出了农用地保护、土地用途管制、土地集约利用、合理安排建设用地和分步骤实施生态退耕的基本方针,重点论述了土地资源开发利用中如何处理经济发展、耕地保护和生态建设的关系,并分别就农用地向非农用地转化、基本农田保护、村镇居民点建设、土地开发复垦及3个重点区域（江河源、河湟谷地和柴达木盆地）生态整治等方面进行了纲要性论述,在规划的措施中,指出除加强宣传教育和法规建设外,还须因地制宜,用市场机制和经济手段来促进规划的实施。     

The Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Pattern of Rural Residential Land in China in the 1990s Using Landsat TM Images and GIS

Through interpreting Landsat TM images, this study analyzes the spatial distribution of rural settlements in China in 2000. It calculates rural residential land percentage for every 1-km² cell. The entire country is divided into 33 regions to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamic patterns of rural residential land during the 1990s. According to the remote sensing survey, the rural residential land increased by 7.88 × 10⁵ ha in the 1990s. The increment of rural residential land was 0.55 million ha in 1990–1995 and 0.23 million ha in 1995–2000. In 1990–1995, rural residential land increased dramatically in the eastern regions such as the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and North China Plain, accounting for 80.80% of the national growth; the expansion in the western regions was much more moderate. In 1995–2000, the expansion of rural residential land in eastern regions slowed, accounting for only 58.54% of the increase at the national level, whereas the expansion in the western regions accelerated. Rapid rural residential development resulted from increasing home construction and the limited control on rural land. The great regional disparity reflected the regional economic development and land-use policy change. Our finding shows that nearly 60% of the rural residential area came from cropland.     

Urban Sprawl and Rural Landscapes: perceptions of landscape as amenity in Portland, Oregon

In the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan region, an urban growth boundary (UGB) was established in 1979 to protect farm and forest lands from urban encroachment. Most of the literature on the impact of Oregon's land-use legislation has been on the urban side of the issue--primarily the relative success Portland has had in containing urban sprawl. The landscape component of this rural transformation is typically considered only as a passive backdrop to urban expansion. Portland provides an excellent site to examine the relationship city-dwellers have to nearby agricultural areas. Rapid urban growth in the 1990s pushed suburban development to the edge of the UGB creating stark contrasts between urban and rural land uses in parts of the metropolitan area. This study examines the impact of the UGB on rural landscape change in Portland. We combine findings from land-use analysis and surveys of urban and rural residents to suggest ways to merge the amenity values of landscape with planning policy regarding the UGB.     

沿海城市土地集约利用水平演变研究——以大连市为例

根据城市土地集约利用涵义,综合考虑沿海城市化进程中城市土地集约利用的经济、社会与环境效益,选取了大连市1997—2007年8项指标,运用主成分分析法进行城市土地集约利用水平评价。在评价基础上结合大连城市发展特征,分析了城市土地集约利用水平演变趋势和阶段性。结果表明,大连城市土地集约利用水平逐年提高,且具有缓慢的连续性和骤增的阶段性特征。连续性提高是由于城市人口、经济聚集、经济容量增大、人口密度增加、城市设施局部优化完善使城市土地集约利用水平不断提高;阶段性提高是由于建成区土地面积扩张期伴随大幅度城市用地结构的优化调整和城市设施的整体完善过程,使城市土地集约利用水平显著提高。     

Urban Sprawl and Rural Landscapes: Perceptions of landscape as amenity in Portland,Oregon

In the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan region, an urban growth boundary (UGB) was established in 1979 to protect farm and forest lands from urban encroachment. Most of the literature on the impact of Oregon's land-use legislation has been on the urban side of the issue—primarily the relative success Portland has had in containing urban sprawl. The landscape component of this rural transformation is typically considered only as a passive backdrop to urban expansion. Portland provides an excellent site to examine the relationship city-dwellers have to nearby agricultural areas. Rapid urban growth in the 1990s pushed suburban development to the edge of the UGB creating stark contrasts between urban and rural land uses in parts of the metropolitan area. This study examines the impact of the UGB on rural landscape change in Portland. We combine findings from land-use analysis and surveys of urban and rural residents to suggest ways to merge the amenity values of landscape with planning policy regarding the UGB.     

基于Markov模型的南京土地利用时空变化研究

利用江苏2000年、2008年遥感数据,采用ArcGIS和Excel测算出南京市辖区8年土地利用的Matkov转移矩阵,从数量、空间和结构角度分析2000-2008年的土地利用变化状况,预测2016年的各类用地面积.结果表明,2000-2008年研究区的城镇和工矿交通用地扩张较快,农村居民点用地略有减少,呈集中态势;耕地、草地、林地、水域减少,未利用地减幅最大.在空间上,研究区的建设用地扩张由"同心圆状"变为"纺锤状",土地利用集中度和强度都增大.2016年预测显示,城镇用地比重达44.76%,耕地减少23.47%,其余用地基本保持前8年的变化趋势,但动态度有所减小,仅农村居民点用地减幅增大.     

Socio-economic driving forces of land-use change in Kunshan, the Yangtze River Delta economic area of China

This paper analyzes characteristics, major driving forces and alternative management measures of land-use change in Kunshan, Jiangsu province, China. The study used remote sensing (RS) maps and socio-economic data. Based on RS-derived maps, two change matrices were constructed for detecting land-use change between 1987 and 1994, and between 1994 and 2000 through pixel-to-pixel comparisons. The outcomes indicated that paddy fields, dryland, and forested land moderately decreased by 8.2%, 29% and 2.6% from 1987 to 1994, and by 4.1%, 7.6% and 8% from 1994 to 2000, respectively. In contrast, the following increased greatly from 1987 to 1994: artificial ponds by 48%, urban settlements by 87.6%, rural settlements by 41.1%, and construction land by 511.8%. From 1994 to 2000, these land covers increased by 3.6%, 28.1%, 23.4% and 47.1%, respectively. For the whole area, fragmentation of land cover was very significant. In addition, socio-economic data were used to analyze major driving forces triggering land-use change through bivariate analysis. The results indicated that industrialization, urbanization, population growth, and China's economic reform measures are four major driving forces contributing to land-use change in Kunshan. Finally, we introduced some possible management measures such as urban growth boundary (UGB) and incentive-based policies. We pointed out that, given the rapidity of the observed changes, it is critical that additional studies be undertaken to evaluate these suggested policies, focusing on what their effects might be in this region, and how these might be implemented.     

The impact of land use and land cover changes on land surface temperature in a karst area of China

Satellite images have been used extensively to study temporal changes in land use and land cover (LULC) in China. However, few studies have been conducted in the karst areas despite the large area and population involved and the fragile ecosystem. In this study, LULC changes were examined in part of Guizhou Province of southern China from 1991 to 2001 based on Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images of November 7, 1991, December 5, 1994, and December 19, 2001. Land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were computed based on LULC types. The results show that agricultural land decreased, while urban areas expanded dramatically, and forest land increased slightly. Barren land increased from 1991 to 1994, and then decreased from 1994 to 2001. These changes in LULC widened the temperature difference between the urban and the rural areas. The change in LST was mainly associated with changes in construction materials in the urban area and in vegetation abundance both in the urban and rural areas. Vegetation had a dual function in the temperatures of different LULC types. While it could ease the warming trend in the urban or built-up areas, it helped to keep other lands warmer in the cold weather. The study also reveals that due to the government's efforts on reforestation, rural ecosystems in some of the study area were being restored. The time required for the karst ecosystem to recover was shorter than previously thought.