三门峡某铅厂遗留场地土壤重金属空间分布特征及来源解析

我国各大城市目前正在进行大规模的工业企业搬迁,并产生了众多污染搬迁遗留场地,其中重金属污染尤为严峻.为了分析三门峡某铅厂遗留场地土壤重金属的污染状况、空间分布和污染来源,采用地统计学分析场地土壤重金属的空间变异规律和分布特征,并利用PMF模型解析场地土壤重金属的主要来源.结果表明,土壤中As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Hg和Ni的平均值远超过河南省土壤环境背景值,As、Cd、Pb和Hg含量超过场地土壤污染风险筛选值,As、Pb和Hg含量超过场地土壤污染风险管控值.Cr的高值区位于废渣堆场北侧,Ni和Cd高值区位于废渣堆场北侧和场地南侧,As的高值区位于废渣堆场南侧与生活区之间,Cu和Pb高值区较为分散,主要集中于中部的原料堆场和炼炉区,Ni和Cd、Cu和Pb具有相同的空间分布特征.基于PMF模型可知,7种重金属有3种主要来源,Cd以废渣堆积源为主,贡献率为87.60%;Cu、Pb和Hg以土壤母质源为主,贡献率分别为92.50%、75.20%和95.40%;Cr、Ni和As以原料粉尘废气源为主,贡献率分别为80.80%、83.30%和62.00%.     

基于APCS-MLR和PMF的铅锌矿流域土壤重金属来源解析

以广西阳朔铅锌矿为研究对象,分析了表土中的Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb、Hg和Pb共10种重金属元素含量,并利用绝对主成分-多元线性回归模型(APCS-MLR)和正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)等方法,识别和定量解析污染源及其贡献率.研究区内Pb、Zn、Hg、Cd、Mn和Cu的含量超过了广西当地土壤背景值3.29～13.08倍,Cr、Ni、As和Sb在局部地区超过背景值,表明研究区存在重金属污染现象;10种重金属在各深度上呈现条带状和点状分布,其中Mn、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb和Pb含量高值条带状分布于思的河左岸和思的河山前区域,Cr、Ni和Hg含量高值主要分布于中西部高冈处;APCS-MLR模型和PMF模型源解析结果表明表层土壤重金属来源主要为工矿活动源、自然因素(成土母质、降雨冲刷等)和工矿及农业活动复合源,但在贡献率上存在差异,APCS-MLR模型提取的污染源贡献率依次为工矿及农业混合源(30.95%)、工矿活动(22.39%)、自然因素(15.79%)和未识别源(8.35%),PMF模型提取污染源贡献率依次为工矿活动(35.16%)、尾矿和废渣(28.21%)...     

典型行业再利用土壤重金属含量分布、来源解析及生态风险评价

为深入探究典型行业再利用土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险状况,基于上海市嘉定区49个地块315个不同深度剖面土壤样品数据,采用地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数评估Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、Hg和As这7种重金属含量特征和潜在生态风险程度,并利用源解析受体模型（APCS-MLR）和正定矩阵因子分解模型（PMF）解析其污染来源.结果表明：①研究区土壤中除As外,其余重金属均不同程度超过上海市土壤背景值,表层土壤中Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni和Hg含量分别是背景值的3.54、2.34、2.91、1.20、3.75和4.40倍;7种重金属含量随着土壤垂直剖面深度的增加逐渐降低,重金属在表层土壤中存在一定程度的富集,人类活动影响了重金属在土壤中的分布规律.②研究区内APCS-MLR和PMF两种受体模型均识别出土壤重金属4种主要来源,源1（Cu、Zn和Pb）为金属制品和汽车制造混合源,源2（Ni和Cd）为电镀企业来源,源3（Hg）主要为化工企业来源,源4（As）为自然源,两种受体模型结合运用,进一步提高源解析的精准度和可信度.③地累积指数由大到小表现为：Hg（1.54）>Ni（1.32）>Cd（1.21）>Cu（0.96）>Pb（0.64）>Zn（-0.33）>As（-1.02）;潜在生态风险指数结果显示,研究区综合潜在生态风险指数RI值在32.50~4 910.97,均值为321.40,整体呈现较强潜在生态风险,再开发利用工业场地土壤中重金属Hg、Ni和Cd的污染值得进一步关注.     

基于APCS-MLR和PMF模型的煤矸山周边耕地土壤重金属污染特征及源解析

以重庆市南川区某煤矸山周边耕地土壤为研究对象,运用内梅罗指数法和地累积指数法分析土壤重金属污染水平和分布特征,并采用绝对因子得分-多元线性回归(APCS-MLR)和正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型,探析研究区土壤重金属来源及其贡献率.结果表明,下游区土壤中8项重金属均值含量均高于上游区,其中Cu、 Ni和Zn含量显著高于上游区(P<0.05).内梅罗综合污染指数表现为：下游区(1.22)>上游区(0.95),重金属污染程度由大到小表现为：Cd>Cu>Hg、 As、 Pb、 Cr、 Ni和Zn.地累积指数由大到小表现为：Cd>As>Cu=Hg>Ni>Zn=Cr>Pb.源解析表明,研究区土壤中Cu、 Ni和Zn主要受煤矸山堆存影响,APCS-MLR模型的贡献率分别为49.8%、 94.5%和73.2%,PMF模型的贡献率分别为62.8%、 62.2%和63.1%; Cd、 Hg和As主要受农业和交通混合源影响,APCS-MLR模型的贡献率分别为49.8%、 94.5%和73.2%,PMF模型的贡献率分别为62.8%、 62.2%和63.1...     

基于APCS-MLR和PMF模型解析黄河下游文化公园土壤重金属污染特征及来源分析

选取黄河下游典型人类扰动区——黄河文化公园为研究区域,系统采集表层土壤样品,测定土壤中7种(Cr、 Ni、 Cu、 Zn、 Cd、 Pb和As)重金属含量,利用地累积指数研究公园土壤重金属污染特征,应用克里格空间插值法、绝对因子分析-多元线性回归模型(APCS-MLR)和正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型解析黄河文化公园土壤重金属的来源.结果表明,研究区表层土壤重金属(Cd、 Zn、 Cu、 Pb和As)含量平均值高于黄河下游潮土区土壤元素背景值,分别是背景值的4.62、 1.78、 1.41、 1.08和1.03倍.除Zn外,其他元素含量均低于黄河流域沿线不同区域土壤相应元素值.7种元素地累积指数递减趋势为：Cd>Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>As=Cr,元素Cd属于偏中污染,在表层土壤中积累明显.空间分布特征及源解析结果显示,Cr、 Ni和Cu为自然源因子,主要受成土母质影响;Cd和Pb为交通源,Zn和As属于受少量人类活动和自然叠加影响的混合源.APCS-MLR的分析结果显示：自然源贡献率为46.67%,交通源贡献率为24.11%,混合源贡献率为16.12%,...     

基于特定源-风险评估模型的兰州黄河风情线绿地土壤重金属污染优先控制源分析

为甄别城市滨河公园景区绿地土壤重金属污染优先控制因子和污染源,以兰州市黄河风情线大景区为研究区,采集并测定64个绿地土壤样品重金属As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn的含量;采用单因子污染指数法和污染负荷指数法量化重金属污染程度,利用绝对因子得分-多元线性回归（APCS-MLR）模型对绿地土壤重金属进行源解析.并运用APCS-MLR模型与综合生态风险指数和人体健康风险评价模型相耦合方法,解析各污染源对生态风险和人体健康风险的贡献率.结果表明,除Cr和Ni之外,As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn的含量均值高于兰州市土壤元素背景值,但所有元素含量均低于《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准》（GB 36600-2018）的筛选值.单因子污染指数结果显示,As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn为无污染至轻微污染水平,而Hg属于轻度污染.污染负荷指数评价结果显示,绿地土壤总体上属于轻度污染水平.源解析表明,绿地土壤重金属源自于交通源、自然-农业源和自然-工业源,贡献率分别为34.79%、23.12%和18.49%.特定源-综合生态风险指数结果表明,Cd和Hg为生态风险优先控制元素,自然-工业源为优先控制污染源;特定源-健康风险评价模型分析结果表明,As和Ni为人体健康优先控制元素,自然-农业源为优先控制污染源.     

基于APCS-MLR和PMF模型的燃煤电厂周边土壤潜在有毒元素(PTEs)污染特征与来源解析

为探究燃煤电厂周边土壤潜在有毒元素（PTEs）的污染特征及来源,以靖远电厂周边土壤为研究对象,分别采集了36个城市土壤样品和27个农田土壤样品,测定了As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn的含量.采用地累积指数法、单因子污染指数法和改进的内梅罗污染指数法对土壤PTEs污染特征进行评估,并利用相关性分析、绝对因子得分-多元线性回归（APCS-MLR）和正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）法定量解析PTEs污染来源.结果表明,除农田土壤As之外,靖远电厂周边土壤其余元素含量均值都高于甘肃省土壤背景值,其中Cd、Cr、Ni和Pb相对较为富集,Hg空间分异较大,受人类活动干扰显著.地累积指数法和单因子污染指数法结果显示,周边土壤污染以Cd、Cr、Ni和Pb为主,Hg的污染范围较广.改进的内梅罗污染指数显示,周边土壤为偏中度-偏重度污染,且城市土壤的综合污染程度高于农田土壤.源解析表明,城市土壤PTEs源自于交通燃煤混合源、交通工矿混合源和工业降尘源,APCS-MLR模型的贡献率分别为35.2%、25.1%和23.4%,PMF模型的贡献率分别为40.2%、12.4%和47.7%;农田土壤PTEs源自于工矿农业交通混合源和交通燃煤混合源,APCS-MLR模型的贡献率分别为40.3%和35.9%,PMF模型的贡献率分别为36.2%和18.0%.此外,PMF模型还识别了贡献率为48.5%的燃煤农业混合源.     

阳朔典型铅锌矿区流域土壤重金属空间分布特征及来源解析

以广西阳朔县典型铅锌矿为研究对象,对其流域内水系表层土壤中10种金属元素（Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb、Hg和Pb）含量进行分析测定.综合运用Pearson相关性分析、主成分分析（PCA）和正定矩阵因子分解法（PMF）等多种方法,识别和定量解析污染源及贡献.在168个表层土壤样本分析数据中,土壤中Zn、Cd、Hg和Pb的含量平均值高于国家土壤环境质量标准,Sb、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的含量平均值分别比当地背景值高出约1.01、5.50、3.29、9.11和10.67倍,表明重金属在表层土壤中已经富集.土壤重金属地累积指数（I_geo）结果显示,研究区污染最严重的是Hg,其次为Pb、Zn和Mn.相关性分析和主成分分析结果表明,区内表层土壤中金属污染来源较为复杂,且明显受到人为活动的影响.Cu、Zn、Cd、Sb、As和Pb主要来源于采矿活动;Hg、Cr和Ni由土壤母质控制;Mn和Cd主要来源于工矿与农业活动.PMF模型分析结果表明,表层土壤中金属来源分为3种,工矿活动源、自然源和工矿及农业活动复合源的综合贡献率分别为58.0%、13.5%和28.6%.Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Sb、Hg和Pb以工矿活动源为主,贡献率分别为46.9%、89.6%、45.5%、67.8%、99.3%、58.3%和96.8%;母岩矿物风化和降雨冲刷等自然源对Cr的相对贡献率达到44.6%,对Ni和Hg也分别有23.2%和21.0%的相对贡献率;工矿及农业活动的复合源对Mn和Cd的相对贡献率分别达到75.4%和70.4%.     

基于GIS对宁夏某铜银矿区周边土壤重金属来源解析

以中卫市沙坡头区南部崾岘子沟汇水区为研究区,采用网格布点法采集0~20 cm表层土壤样品194份,对Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Ag、Cr、Cd、Hg和Pb这9种重金属元素进行含量测定,采用PMF源解析模型和IDW插值法分析重金属的来源和空间分布,利用ArcGIS空间统计分析工具进行空间自相关和聚类与异常值分析,得到土壤中重金属来源的分布区域.结果表明,研究区Hg、Ag、Cd和Pb平均值分别为背景值的20.48、3.13、2.23和1.12倍,Cd、Cu、Pb和As最大值分别为筛选值的10.92、5.52、2.03和1.39倍,污染较为严重;Cu、Cd、Pb和Hg的变异系数大小为：Cu （283.23%）>Cd （224.77%）>Pb （144.40%）>Hg （67.12%）,受人类活动影响密切;PMF源解析得到4个主要污染源：自然母质源（32%）、矿业活动和交通运输综合源（17.1%）、工业活动和大气沉降综合源（40.3%）及农业活动和农田压砂综合源（10.6%）,代表元素分别为Cr和Ni,As和Cu,Hg以及Cd;空间统计分析结果表明土壤重金属主要污染源为矿业活动和农业活动,污染严重的区域分布在研究区南部的矿区和研究区东部、中部和西北部的种植区.     

基于乡镇尺度的地质高背景区耕地土壤重金属来源分析与风险评价

西南地区由于广泛发育碳酸盐岩导致土壤重金属具有天然的高背景属性,在重金属地质高背景区开展生态风险评价和识别重金属潜在来源对土壤污染防治、农产品安全保障具有重要意义.基于乡镇尺度,在重庆市奉节县青龙镇采集耕地表层土壤样品307件,分析了土壤As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn重金属含量及pH,采用地统计学,绝对因子分析-多元线性回归(APCS-MLR)受体模型探讨研究区域内8种重金属污染空间分布特征及来源,利用内梅罗指数(P_综)和潜在生态风险指数(RI)开展土壤风险评价.结果表明,耕地土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni和Zn的平均值和中位数超过重庆市土壤背景值,其中Cd、As累积效应较为明显.与农用地土壤筛选值相比,Cd超标率最高,达52.12%.土壤中重金属含量空间分布格局呈现出南部整体高,高值区呈条带状分布;北部整体低,高值区呈点状分布.APCS-MLR模型表明研究区耕地土壤重金属Cr、Zn、Ni和Cu以自然来源为主,主要受地质背景控制,贡献率分别为86.62%、85.46%、76.44%和64.34%;As、Pb和Hg的来源以工业源为主,受煤矿...     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.