关于发布实行《青海省环境保护产品、环境影响评价和污染防治工程监督管理暂行办法》的通知

为促进和扶持我省环保产业的发展,加强对环境保护产品、环境影响评价和污染防治工程的质量监督和市场管理,提高环境保护投资效益.根据《青海省实施<中华人民共和国环境保护法>办法》及其他有关法规,制定了《青海省环境保护产品、环境影响评价和污染防治工程监督管理暂行办法》,现予印发,请遵照执行.各地在执行过程中如有什么问题请及时函告省环保局     

国际环境法对我国环境保护的启示

介绍了国际环境法的内涵、基本原则和发展过程,报告了我国环境保护法律体系立法趋于逐渐完善但滞后性明显的现状,从立法和执法的角度分析了我国现阶段环境保护法存在执行不利的问题,建议以推进国际环境法的实施和完善为契机,制定明细的配套法规,强化执法力度;加强各行政机关间的交流与合作,统筹应对复杂的环保形势;发达地区扶持不发达地区发展环保事业,推进我国环保事业的进步。     

环境管理 第六章 城市环境管理(下)

三、环境政策、法建的贯彻落实为了使经济持续发展和保护人民健康,党和国家制订了一系列有关环境保护的方针、政策和法规。如何切实执行这些方针、政策和法规? (一)加强法制宣传,建立执法机构。即要①加强法制宣传,维护法律的权威性和严肃性;②制订城市环境质量标准与“三废”排放标准;③建立健全监督、检查、执法的机构和制度;④建立健全监督网络。 (二)采用行政手段。党和国家有关环境保护的方针、政策及法令,是通过各级党的组织和各级政府来执行的。政府的环保机构,要对各区、局、     

充分发挥环保法制机构作用努力提高环保行政执法效能

环境执法是环境法制建设的关键,也是环保部门的基本职责。“八五”以来,我们新乡市环保局把工作定位在强化环境执法上,重视发挥法制机构作用,着力提高环保行政执法效能,树立依法实施环境监督管理的形象,推动全市环境保护工作整体水平不断提高。一、法制机构及人员的...     

《环境保护法》的困境及修订展望

现行的《环境保护法》在立法和执法方面均存在很多问题。在立法上过时,与其他法律存在重复或冲突;在执法上很多时候环保行政机关难以获得法律授权,环保行政机关的地位也比较尴尬。《环境保护法》修订的目标和方向应该是定位为环境保护领域中的基本法或是母法,从一部执行法转变到政策法,从侧重污染防治转向污染防治与自然(资源)保护并重,从调整管理相对人的角度来转向调整行政管理者本身,把一些在中国已经比较成熟的、并且国际上也比较通行的制度和理念吸纳进去。     

环保执法的难点和对策

我国的环境保护事业已走过20多年的历程，应该说环境保护立法的步子是大的．一套符合中国国情，由环保法律和相关的资源法律，国家法规和地方法规相结合的环境保护法律体系已经形成，现存的问题是在深化改革的新形势下，用什么措施，如法律的、行政的手段来保证环境保护法律体系的实施。在具体的执法实践中，笔者总结有以下几个难点和对策：一、环保执法中的几难（－）站在滞后的经济基础上看环保法律的超前，执法难。豆．新上项目环保“把关难”。按照“环保法”规定，环保部门应对一些“新改扩”项目中的环境保护实施统一监督管理，各有关…     

市级环境保护部门设置环境稽查机构的成功尝试

衡水市环保局1993年5月在全国率先成立了“衡水地区环境稽查执法大队”。经过3年多的运行．取得了显著成绩．这一做法得到了国家环保局和河北省环保局的表扬和肯定．并被省环保局所采用。本文着重总结我市实施环境稽查工作的经验和做法。一、环境稽查的目的和任务环境稽查是环境保护行政主管部广1依法对辖区内一切排污者履行环境保护法律、法规、规章等情况·下级环保部门执法、守法情况‘地方有关文件、材料、要求与环境保护法律、法规、规章相抵触情况进行现场监督、检查和处理的总称。环境稽查的目的和任务就是依照环境保护法律、法规、…     

坚持完备的环保执法程序维护合法的具体行政行为

环保部门是执法监督管理部门,环保法规是监督管理的依据,依法监督行政是国家法律对环保部门的基本要求,因此,敢于执法,善于执法不仅是保护环境的重要任务,而且是搞好环保队伍自身建设的重要内容,真正把环境保护的监督管理纳入环保法制建设的轨道,建立环保工作新秩序的根本保证。一、明确环保行政执法程序法定程序是保证行政机关依法行政,作出正确合法的具体行政行为的必要条件,程序一旦被法律、规章所规定,成为法定程序,就同实体法一样,都是法律所必须保护的。违反法定程序,同样损害相对人的合法权益,产生不良的法律后果。要较好地克服以言…     

贵溪市环保工作成效显著

贵溪市环保局自１９８５年成立以来,始终以贯彻环境保护基本国策,执行环保法律法规为己任,在执法实践中,坚持内强素质,外树形象,严格执法,恪尽职守,造就了一支过硬的执法队伍,曾被授予“江西省环保系统先进集体”、“江西省环保工作先进单位”、“全国乡镇工业污...     

谈谈环保法律文书

《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》的实施是我国行政管理和法制建设中的一件大事,也给环境保护行政执法提出了更高的要求。今年以来,全国各地环保部门都在认真组织学习《环境保护法》、《行政诉讼法》及其它环境保护法律法规,对十多年来环境保护执法情况进行了回顾和总结。根据一些地方的环保执法实践,我们发现许多案件在处理过程中,缺少必要的环境保护法律文书或者法律文书不完善不规范,在一定程度上影响了环境保护部门具体行政行为的法律效力。为了更有效地促进环境保护行政执法,减少环境保护应诉案件特别是减少败诉案件,应该尽快建立规范性环保法律文书。一、规范性环保法律文书及其作用规范性环保法律文书,主要指的是文书在行文层次,制作格     

Characterising the landscape of state environmental review policies and procedures in the United States: a national assessment

Following the intent of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, many states have adopted policies and procedures directing state agencies and local government units to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of development projects prior to their undertaking. In contrast to a rich literature on federal requirements, current understanding of state environmental review is narrowly focused and outdated. This paper seeks to provide information on the landscape of state environmental review policy frameworks. The paper identifies 37 states with formal environmental review requirements through a document review of state statutes, administrative rules and agency-prepared materials, and confirms this finding through a survey of state administrators. A two-tier classification is used to distinguish states based on the approach taken to address environmental review needs and the scope and depth of relevant policies and procedures implemented. This paper also provides a discussion of policy and programme attributes that may contribute to effective practice, and of the potential for adopting relevant legislation in states where environmental review is currently lacking.     

Return to the River: Environmental Flow Policy in the United States and Canada1

Abstract: This paper provides an overview and summary of United States and Canadian federal, state, and provincial laws that offer some form of legal protection for environmental flows. Special attention is given to the new “second generation” law established in Texas and to ways western states are beginning to encourage transactions that help restore dewatered streams. Progress in the eastern states and some Canadian provinces to provide environmental flow protection is addressed. Based on this review, this paper presents recommended elements of a “model” environmental flow policy.     

论促进企业环境守法的制度建构

企业是市场经济中重要的市场主体,其环境守法除了要求环境法律、法规、政策的完善,也有赖于环境执法工作的稳妥开展对企业守法的推动。通过制度和利润两方面分析企业环境守法困境,期望通过环境执法模式的改革,借鉴美国环境执法模式的经验,借助执法理念的变化实现企业自觉的环境守法。     

State wetlands and riparian area protection programs

The protection of wetlands and riparian areas has emerged as an important environmental planning issue. In the United States, several federal and state laws have been enacted to protect wetlands and riparian areas. Specifically, the federal Clean Water Act includes protection requirements in Sections 301 and 303 for state water quality standards, Section 401 for state certification of federal actions (projects, permits, and licenses), and Section 404 for dredge and fill permits. The Section 401 water quality state certification element has been called the “sleeping giant” of wetlands protection because it empowers state officials to veto or condition federally permitted or licensed activities that do not comply with state water quality standards. State officials have used this power infrequently. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effectiveness of state wetland and riparian programs. Contacts were established with officials in each state and in the national and regional offices of key federal agencies. Based on interviews and on a review of federal and state laws, state program effectiveness was analyzed. From this analysis, several problems and opportunities facing state wetland protection efforts are presented.     

Climate change mitigation in Austria and Switzerland: The pitfalls of federalism in greening decentralized building policies

The present paper analyses and compares how federalism in Austria and Switzerland affected climate change mitigation in the fully decentralized building sectors of the two countries during the Kyoto Period (1990–2012). This is of interest because the environmental significance of federal political systems is still contested. We first review the literature on federalism in the context of environmental and climate policymaking, and we show that the effects of federal political systems can be positive or negative (depending on interactions between politics and problem characteristics). We then summarize the two qualitative country studies. By analysing who initiated and coordinated respective policies at what time and why, we show that respective policy changes neither emerged bottom-up nor diffused between provinces/cantons, although the latter are fully responsible for building policies. While most policy changes were triggered by federal and/or European Union interventions, the provinces/cantons usually delayed and/or watered down policy changes to smallest common denominator solutions. Based on these findings we conclude that the building sectors of the two countries became more efficient despite, not because of federalism. Against this background we recommend centralizing building policies, or to engage sub-national actors in national target-setting early on.     

美国环保产业发展政策对我国的启示

当今环保产业作为新兴战略产业在世界范围内迅速成长。美国作为全球环保产业的领头羊,其环保产业的发展离不开政府行之有效的发展政策。美国政府主要通过法律法规、税收、贷款、债券、基金、放宽出口管制、以外交促贸易等政策措施,促进了美国环保产业的技术创新、投融资及国际贸易。借鉴美国政策经验,我国应在环保产业管制政策、技术创新政策、财税政策、国际贸易政策上做出相应改进,以促进我国环保产业积极健康发展。     

The ambiguity of federalism in climate policy-making: how the political system in Austria hinders mitigation and facilitates adaptation

Although the impacts of federalism on environmental policy-making are still contested, many policy analysts emphasise its advantages in climate policy-making. This applies to the mitigation of climate change, in particular when federal governments (as in the U.S.) are inactive. More recently, federalism is also expected to empower sub-national actors in adapting to local impacts of climate change. The present paper analyses the role federalism in Austria played in greening the decentralised building sector (relevant for mitigation) on the one hand, and in improving regional flood risk management (relevant for adaptation) on the other. In line with the so-called matching school of the environmental federalism research strand we conclude that Austrian federalism proved to be more appropriate for regional flood protection than for mitigating climate change. We highlight that it is not federalism per se but federalism embedded in various contextual factors that shape environmental policy-making. Among these factors are the spatial scale of an environmental problem, the nitty-gritty of polity systems, and national politics (such as federal positions on climate change mitigation).     

东莞市规模环保设施建设的实践及经验

本文介绍了东莞市集约化、大规模的环保基础设施建设的管理模式、投融资模式、工程建设模式、技术咨询模式以及配套政策法规体系.这种环保基础设施建设模式对全国类似城市环保设施群的建设具有重要的借鉴价值,也为我国未来大规模的环保设施建设管理机制的制定提供了范例.     

我国石油工业环境保护相关法律问题

目前,我国对石油工业领域环境保护立法,采取的是特殊行业规制与一般规制相结合的模式。总体上看,我国石油工业环境保护领域已建立起初步的法制框架,但仍须进一步完善立法、执法、制订应急预案和建立信息公开机制等。     

Status and prospects of environmental protection in Hong Kong

Summary Environmental protection in Hong Kong traditionally has been neglected by the government and private sector, with citizens showing little interest. The overwhelming pre-occupation with economic growth and a plethora of pressing social needs are often cited as the main excuses for past apathy. Since the late 1970s, the government has taken positive steps to establish administrative structures and statutes to arrest environmental decline. Legislative processes, however, have often been delayed and the effectiveness of the laws trimmed by the strong industrial lobby. The erratic developments in the 1980s nevertheless allowed the enactment of four dedicated environmental laws and a complement of ancillary control measures. The current status of the environment in the fields of water, waste, air and noise has been assessed to highlight the pertinent maladies and shortcomings. The 1989 White Paper provided a clear package of official policies and programmes to correct past ills in a ten-year comprehensive plan. The ameliorative measures, both present and projected, are evaluated for their effectiveness and prospects. Some issues that deserve more attention and improvements are suggested.