共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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针对我国北方某油田的地下水特点,通过室内土柱模拟实验与数值模型模拟研究了石油类污染物随地下水运移的状况。模拟结果表明,地下水石油类污染物浓度随时间变化曲线总体上呈S型;污染前期地下水中污染物浓度增加较快,随着浓度的不断累积,后期浓度增加缓慢。计算结果显示,在50m处石油类污染物首次超过浓度限值的时间为586d,1000m处石油类污染物首次超过浓度限值的时间为12590d,污染过程表现出一定的滞后性。可见,吸附作用对石油类污染物迁移的影响很大,阻滞和延迟了污染物的迁移。 相似文献
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黄土高原地区石油类非点源污染试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
石油类非点源污染基本特征为污染源分散、污染源作用周期长、暴雨时易于形成高含沙水流以及由此引发的高强度石油类污染。试验结果表明,随土壤石油污染强度的提高,径流量增大,产沙量降低,但水、固两相中的污染物径流污染强度均增大。试验条件下,径流过程释放于水相中的石油类浓度可高达4~7 mg/L。 相似文献
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针对淄博市大武水源地的石油污染状况进行了动态模拟石油类污染物迁移特性的研究。内容包括用现场粘土充填灰岩石板缝测定弥散系数、吸附系数及其他有关参数,建立该系统在饱水条件下的迁移数学模型。研究表明静态吸附均遵循Langmuir吸附模式,且吸附能力较小;静态吸附结果与动态参数比较吻合,可直接用于建立整体模型;水中的石油类污染物在地表以下迁移性很强,容易下渗进入潜水层。 相似文献
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石油类污染物在水环境中的归宿 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5
石油类污染物在各种水环境中 ,由于水体的特点不同 ,其归宿也不同。通过对焉耆盆地石油开发区域内博斯腾湖、开都河及相邻湿地的研究 ,对石油类污染物在各水环境中扩散、挥发、溶解、分解、乳化、氧化、生物降解、沉降、吸附与吸收、分配与富集等进行了定量分析 ,为石油类污染的控制和清除提供了可靠依据 相似文献
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系统评价天然蛭石吸附氨氮的效果 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
采用在人工配置含氨氮的污水中投加蛭石的方法,系统研究了天然蛭石吸附污水中氨氮的饱和吸附容量以及蛭石吸附氨氮的等温吸附曲线,探讨了污水的pH值、温度、浓度对氨氮去除率的影响及各影响因子的大小,结果表明,蛭石的饱和吸附量为20 8mg/g;蛭石吸附量在pH2 0~6 0范围内随着pH的增大而增大,最佳pH为4 0~6 0;温度在15~35℃范围内,吸附量随温度的升高减小,氨氮的去除率随着蛭石用量的增加而增加,影响因素的大小顺序为:pH>蛭石的用量>吸附时间>温度。这为蛭石作为一种新型氨氮吸附材料提供了基础参数。 相似文献
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随着社会经济的不断进步,土壤中重金属污染问题日趋严峻,土壤中重金属污染已经受到政府相关部门和一些研究人员的高度重视。本文运用化学分析的方法研究了土壤对金属铜的吸附作用。研究土壤吸附铜的速率的方法是根据所做实验的数据进而绘制吸附量与时间之间的变化曲线,通过所得到的曲线斜率来探讨吸附动力学过程。通过实验分析我们得知:pH对土壤吸附铜的影响达到了显著水平,当其他的条件相同、土壤自身的pH增加时,土壤对铜的吸附量也随着增加,加入液pH为5.5时的吸附量显著高于pH为2.5的吸附量。表明土壤对铜的吸附作用受酸度影响较为明显,在酸度增加的情况下,土壤对铜的吸附降低,使得铜从土壤中解吸出来,进入水体对环境造成危害。因此,我们要提高预防酸雨等环境问题,防止酸雨使得土壤中重金属进入到水体。 相似文献
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Column experiments were conducted to study chemical factors that influence the release of clay (kaolinite and quartz minerals) from saturated Ottawa sand of different sizes (710,360, and 240 microm). A relatively minor enhancement of clay release occurred when the pH was increased (5.8 to 10) or the ionic strength (IS) was decreased to deionized (DI) water. In contrast, clay release was dramatically enhanced when monovalent Na+ was exchanged for multivalent cations (e.g., Ca2+ and Mg2+) on the clay and sand and then the solution IS was reduced to DI water. This solution chemistry sequence decreased the adhesive force acting on the clay as a result of an increase in the magnitude of the clay and sand zeta potential with cation exchange, and expansion of the double layer thickness with a decrease in IS to DI water. The amount of clay release was directly dependent on the Na+ concentration of the exchanging solution and on the initial clay content of the sand (0.026-0.054% of the total mass). These results clearly demonstrated the importance of the order and magnitude of the solution chemistry sequence on clay release. Column results and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images also indicated that the clay was reversibly retained on the sand, despite predictions of irreversible interaction in the primary minimum. One plausible explanation is that adsorbed cations increased the separation distance between the clay-solid interfaces as a result of repulsive hydration forces. A cleaning procedure was subsequently developed to remove clay via cation exchange and IS reduction; SEM images demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach. The transport of Cu2+ was then shown to be dramatically enhanced by an order of magnitude in peak concentration by adsorption on clays that were released following cation exchange and IS reduction. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2007,1(1):55-61
Canadian oil sands are considered to be the second largest oil reserves in the world. However, the upgrading of bitumen from oil sands to synthetic crude oil (SCO) requires nearly ten times more hydrogen (H2) than conventional crude oils. The current H2 demand for oil sands operations is met mostly by steam reforming of natural gas (SMR). The future expansion of oil sands operations is likely to quadruple the demand of H2 for oil sand operations in the next decade.This paper presents modified process schemes that capture CO2 at minimum energy penalty in modern SMR plants. The approach is to simulate a base case H2 plant without CO2 capture and then look for the best operating conditions that minimize the energy penalty associated with CO2 capture while maximizing H2 production. The two CO2 capture schemes evaluated in this study include a membrane separation process and the monoethanolamine (MEA) absorption process. A low energy penalty is observed when there is lower CO2 production and higher steam production. The process simulation results show that the H2 plant with CO2 capture has to be operated at lower steam to carbon ratio (S/C), higher inlet temperature of the SMR and lower inlet temperatures for the water gas-shift (WGS) converters to attain lowest energy penalty. Also it is observed that both CO2 capture processes, the membrane process and the MEA absorption process, are comparable in terms of energy penalty and CO2 avoided when both are operated at conditions where lowest energy penalty exists. 相似文献
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Redfield E Croser C Zwiazek JJ MacKinnon MD Qualizza C 《Journal of environmental quality》2003,32(3):1008-1014
The application of composite or consolidated tailings (CT) technology provides Alberta's oil sands industry with a means of reducing the volume of the fines fraction in extraction tailings and allows for faster reclamation and revegetation of mining sites. This study examined the effects of coagulant aids (gypsum and alum), used in the production of CT, on the ion content, growth, and survival of greenhouse-grown red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L. subsp. sericea). Seedlings were planted in gypsum-CT and alum-CT substrates, and compared with those planted in reclamation material (salvaged peat and till). The seedlings were bottom-watered with one of the following: (i) Hoagland mineral solution prepared in deionized water (Epstein, 1972); (ii) Hoagland solution in gypsum-based CT release water; or (iii) Hoagland solution in alum-based CT release water. Pore water of CT substrates and CT release waters had similar chemical characteristics, including salinity levels. However, plants in CT substrates had higher concentrations of ions (particularly Na and B), reduced growth, and higher mortality than plants in reclamation material and treated with CT waters. The presence of H2S indicated low-oxygen conditions in the CT substrates, while in the reclamation materials with CT release water treatments, no evidence of sulfides was observed. Low-oxygen conditions in the CT substrate treatments may have interfered with plant exclusion mechanisms for Na and B. Therefore, substrate properties may modify responses of reclamation plants to pore water chemistry due to the effects on oxygen availability to roots. 相似文献
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The performance of activated carbon has been investigated for the adsorption of eosin dye dissolved in water. Eosin is anionic in nature and highly toxic. The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and temperature on adsorption of eosin by a fixed amount of activated carbon (1.0 g/L) have been studied in batch and column mode. The equilibrium data are successfully fitted to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The adsorption rate data are successfully explained by a pseudo second-order kinetic model. Breakthrough curves for column adsorption have also been studied. The regeneration of spent carbon by desorbing the dye has been experimentally investigated applying a surfactant enhanced carbon regeneration (SECR) technique using both cationic and anionic surfactants. An empirical kinetic model for dye desorption from the commercial activated carbon (CAC) using different surfactant and desorption techniques, viz. change in pH, has been proposed. The comparison between the model and the experimental results is found to be satisfactory. 相似文献
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Increased poultry production has contributed to excess nutrient problems in Atlantic Coastal Plain soils due to land application of poultry litter (PL). Aluminum sulfate [alum, Al(2)(SO(4))(3).14H(2)O] amendment of PL effectively reduces soluble phosphorus (P) in the PL; however, the effects of these litters when added to acidic, sandy soils are not well understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of alum-amended poultry litter in reducing P release from three Delaware Coastal Plain soils: Evesboro loamy sand (Ev; excessively drained, mesic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments), Rumford loamy sand (Ru; well drained, coarse-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults), and Pocomoke sandy loam (Pm; very poorly drained, coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Typic Umbraquults). Long-term (25 d) and short-term (24 h) desorption studies were conducted, in addition to chemical extractions and kinetic modeling, to observe the changes that alum-amended versus unamended PL caused in the soils. The Ev, Ru, and Pm soils were incubated with 9 Mg ha(-1) of alum-amended or unamended PL. Long-term desorption (25 d) of the incubated material resulted in approximately 13.5% (Ev), 12.7% (Ru), and 13.3% (Pm) reductions in cumulative P desorbed when comparing soil treated with unamended and alum-amended PL. In addition, the P release from the soil treated with alum-amended litter was not significantly different from the control (soil alone). Short-term desorption (24 h) showed 7.3% (Ev), 15.4% (Ru), and 20% (Pm) reductions. The overall implication from this study is that the use of alum as a PL amendment is useful in coarse-textured soils of the Coastal Plain. With increased application of alum-amended PL, more significant decreases may be possible with little or no effect on soil quality. 相似文献
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Long-term influence of tillage and fertilization on net carbon dioxide exchange rate on two soils with different textures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Feiziene D Feiza V Slepetiene A Liaudanskiene I Kadziene G Deveikyte I Vaideliene A 《Journal of environmental quality》2011,40(6):1787-1796
The importance of agricultural practices to greenhouse gas mitigation is examined worldwide. However, there is no consensus on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and CO emissions as affected by soil management practices and their relationships with soil texture. No-till (NT) agriculture often results in soil C gain, though, not always. Soil net CO exchange rate (NCER) and environmental factors (SOC, soil temperature [T], and water content [W]), as affected by soil type (loam and sandy loam), tillage (conventional, reduced, and NT), and fertilization, were quantified in long-term field experiments in Lithuania. Soil tillage and fertilization affected total CO flux (heterotrophic and autotrophic) through effect on soil SOC sequestration, water, and temperature regime. After 11 yr of different tillage and fertilization management, SOC content was 23% more in loam than in sandy loam. Long-term NT contributed to 7 to 27% more SOC sequestration on loam and to 29 to 33% more on sandy loam compared with reduced tillage (RT) or conventional tillage (CT). Soil water content in loam was 7% more than in sandy loam. Soil gravimetric water content, averaged across measurement dates and fertilization treatments, was significantly less in NT than CT and RT in both soils. Soil organic carbon content and water storage capacity of the loam and sandy loam soils exerted different influences on NCER. The NCER from the sandy loam soil was 13% greater than that from the loam. In addition, NCER was 4 to 9% less with NT than with CT and RT systems on both loam and sandy loam soils. Application of mineral NPK fertilizers promoted significantly greater NCER from loam but suppressed NCER by 15% from sandy loam. 相似文献
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The microclimate of beach and foredune areas of North Padre Island along the mid-Texas coast was found to be greatly modified by vehicular and pedestrian traffic during investigations made from late fall to early summer 1973–74. The primary effect of human activity on microclimate was expressed as reduced cover and species diversity of the vegetation. As the intensity of human activity increased, elevation, especially of areas near the beach, was decreased, whereas average wind velocities near the ground surface, evaporation, atmospheric salinity near the ground surface, wind-carried sand particles near the ground surface, soil salinity, soil pH, average soil temperature and range in temperature, soil bulk density, and soil-water contents were increased. 相似文献