我国水务类上市企业发展状况分析

以我国城市水务行业的22家上市企业为研究对象,通过对近20年来我国水务上市企业的发展历程、业务扩张和地域扩张情况进行梳理,指出目前我国水务行业产业链不断细分与延伸、地域扩张趋势明显,水务行业已由基础建设阶段转向综合服务阶段,但同时存在地域扩张不平衡等问题,需要国家的政策扶持。     

我国水务企业核心竞争力的探讨

我国的水务市场正处于快速发展阶段,本土水务企业的发展面临着巨大的竞争压力。本文通过对企业核心竞争力理论的梳理,结合我国特殊国情和发达国家水务企业的发展经验,对我国水务企业核心竞争力的构成进行了探讨,并指出在现阶段,水务企业的运营与服务能力、各类资源的整合能力、技术创新能力以及政策与市场的应变能力是决定水务企业竞争优势的主要构成要素。     

资源革命:推动人与自然的和谐发展

自工业革命以来,人类对物质生活水平的追求使得自然资源消耗迅速扩张,资源需求的爆炸式增长与资源有限供给的矛盾愈演愈烈。但同时,科技革命与创新的不断加快,以提升资源产出率为核心的资源革命正在悄然发生。在此背景下,我国加快推进资源革命意义重大,且已具备一定基础。关键是加快资源观念转变,制定并实施中长期资源革命战略;营造有利于技术创新和商业模式变革、提高资源产出率的政策与制度环境;加快研究并构建以自然资本效率为核心的绿色发展理论;加快相关法律、政策、技术等保障体系建设。     

基于SWOT法和层次分析法的海洋文化产业发展战略研究——以河北秦皇岛为例

针对海洋文化产业发展战略研究中缺乏定量分析的不足,将SWOT分析法和层次分析法相结合,通过量化各影响因素的权重,得出薄弱的海洋文化产业综合竞争力和海洋文化人才队伍建设是制约秦皇岛海洋文化产业发展的关键因素.论证了秦皇岛海洋文化产业应充分利用资源禀赋丰富的优势,抓住国家战略政策机遇,采取开拓型战略,积极应对各种劣势和威胁,走“以海洋文化产业资源为依托,以海洋旅游产业为主导”的核心产业带动发展模式.     

基于资源价值流转的电解铝企业循环经济综合评价与实证分析

循环经济作为一种经济发展模式的革命，其发展水平的科学定量评价一直是循环经济基础理论问题之一。本文根据资源流转平衡原理，以企业资源的物质流转路线为基础，通过描绘和追踪其生产流程过程的资源投入、消耗、产出及废弃的价值信息，从投入、消耗与循环、输出三环节构建循环经济评价指标体系，采用AHP＆MLR综合评价方法对电解铝企业循环经济的发展状况作了实证研究，从而为其及相关企业资源流转价值的时空转移、循环经济的发展提供一种有效的评价手段。     

旅游综合体开发——一种旅游房地产全新开发模式研究

随着产业结构升级,旅游结构从原有的单一旅游经济模式向多元化的、集合式的、综合性的旅游模式发展,产生了以旅游资源与土地为基础,以旅游休闲功能为主导,结合大型旅游休闲项目、高品质服务的配套设施、互动发展的休闲旅游地产等多功能的、集合式的土地利用模式及产业聚集模式。在观察和归纳大量这类开发实例的基础上定义了旅游综合体开发这一房地产全新开发模式的概念,分析了该模式的表现特征,总结性地提出开发的理论模式及应用模式,并在此基础上归纳出开发的战略措施。     

“一带一路”背景下民族文化旅游资源开发模式研究——以大理、丽江为例

民族文化旅游能否实现健康、持续、稳定发展,取决于民族地区的文化资源是否得到科学开发和保护,进一步决定于民族文化旅游资源的开发模式。民族文化资源旅游开发根据不同的资源与区位,采用不同的开发模式。在"一带一路"战略背景下,选择民族旅游目的地大理、丽江为研究平台,从空间、管理、资源等角度提出少数民族地区文化旅游的开发模式:1空间上采取旅游联动开发模式,区域内为"核心—边缘"联动模式,区域间为"双核联动"模式,大区域为"点—轴"联动模式;2管理模式上结合民族地区特色,采取"政府主导+企业运作+社区参与"模式;3结合大理、丽江民族文化资源优势,采取文化与旅游融合开发模式。     

区域经济发展与资源环境承载能力

研究一个区域以及城市集群的发展,以及相关企业发展战略,要注意的第一个因素就是要综合考虑资源和环境的承载能力,第二个因素是这个地区已有的开发深度,第三个因素是未来的发展潜力。     

西部典型地区矿业资源可持续发展能力评价及途径选择——以“镍都”金昌市为例

矿产资源作为煤炭建设项目评价中的子系统之一,越来越受到学术界的关注。从实现矿产资源可持续发展的角度出发,以金昌市为研究样本,从经济、资源、环境和智力四个维度,选取17个相关指标,运用主成分分析法对金昌市矿业可持续发展能力进行综合评价,并提出了相应的对策建议。研究表明,金昌市矿业环境治理效果较好,矿业科技投入有待进一步加强,矿业环境治理与经济发展实现了统筹发展。     

近20年我国生态补偿研究进展与实践模式

本研究通过对20年来我国生态补偿相关文献的发文数量、重要文献等进行统计,采用文献检索和文献计量等方法,分析我国在生态补偿研究区域、研究领域、关键环节等方面的研究趋势,并基于政策变迁视角,从政策的制定思路、政策文本形式以及政策执行主体等维度来探究我国生态补偿20年政策发展历程,提炼出具有中国特色的生态补偿模式的形成过程。结果显示,热点领域和热点区域研究直接受政策导向影响,区域重大战略催生区域生态补偿研究呈井喷式增长,生态补偿政策实践力度大、范围广、领域多,制度设计从分散体现走向精准聚焦,补偿领域从单点起步走向全面布局,补偿模式由自上而下走向多元参与。随着我国生态文明建设迈入新征程,展望生态补偿未来改革和创新路径,建议围绕“全面”“综合”“多元”“民生”等核心关键词,探索基于多学科交叉的创新性研究,将生态补偿的研究进一步与制度创新、技术创新等相结合,以法制化、多元化、市场化和信息化为核心,推动生态补偿向更加立体、更加纵深和更加系统的方向发展。     

Diversification or specialization : The role of risk

The purpose of this article is to analyse the use of diversification and market specialization as corporate strategies by non-ferrous metal company managements as responses to adverse financial conditions. The analytical framework is provided by the financial theory of risk. Managements must deal with both company specific risk and market risk as they attempt to improve the profitability of their companies. Companies from the US copper industry are used as empirical examples. Deversification is a flexible but risky strategy. Specialization is a more restrictive strategy but it is less risky. The appropriate strategy to use depends on the particular situation of a company.     

Pollution performance of firms from pulp and paper industries

The water pollution emissions by 13 of the largest pulp and paper companies, developed on the basis of monthly reports filed with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by these companies, indicate a wide disparity in the amount of pollution discharged by them into the nation's waterways. Furthermore, the net discharge of pollution in waterways by all firms is positive, which indicates that all the firms in the study pollute the nation's waterways to some degree. Information presented in this study will be useful for public issues, such as evaluating the effectiveness of the Clean Water Act, government's water pollution policy and abatement strategy, and management's effectiveness in abating water pollution.     

Instruments and strategies to improve the eco-efficiency of products

This article examines what tools can be used to analyze and improve the environmental performance of a product. It discusses how companies can upgrade the environmental performance of products in a cost-effective way and enhance their competitive position in the market through product innovation. Based on current examples, it is concluded that a complete toolbox is available to assist companies in developing more eco-efficient products. Which combination of practices can best be applied depends on various factors, particularly the type of external demand(s) the company is facing, its available resources, its time horizon, and its environmental strategy. Experience shows that it is better for companies to be ahead of external criticism and act more proactively. This article shows how companies can follow four main strategies in which eco-efficient product development goes hand in hand with a better competitive position in the market: (1) an efficiency improvement strategy; (2) a market share improvement strategy; (3) a market development strategy; and (4) a product diversification strategy. Finally, the importance of product innovation is stressed in order to implement the eco-efficiency strategies mentioned above.     

城市河流治理技术研究进展

城市河流水体具有生态系统复杂、污染类型齐全、污染源数量多、危害极为严重的特点。本文结合国内外最新研究成果和积累的宝贵经验，介绍了河道曝气技术、生态混凝土技术、阿科蔓复合生态技术、接触氧化技术、生态疏浚、化学强化一级处理、光催化技术等比较先进技术的研究进展，并对今后保护城市河流提出了建议。     

Modeling the impact of revegetation on regional water quality: A collective approach to manage the cumulative impacts of mining in the Bowen Basin,Australia

In this paper we quantify the additional water quality benefits that can be achieved through coordinated cumulative impact management. To do this we simulate coordinated and un-coordinated revegetation investments and compare their impact on achieving regional water quality goals. Our results show that coordination between multiple mining companies achieves additional benefits since prioritization is enabled across a broader range of investment opportunities. Additionally, when coordinated investment is permitted beyond the boundaries of coal mining leases, results show that additional benefits are greatly enhanced since these regions provide more rewarding investment opportunities. Results illustrate (a) how regional coordination may influence reputational benefits of investments, and (b) that coordination is beneficial when investment opportunities are unevenly distributed across the landscape. When additional benefits are achievable, we suggest that mining companies should develop collective investment projects with an understanding of how coordination influences project costs. Similarly, investment projects should be developed with an understanding of investment tradeoffs and how these may adversely impact on regional stakeholders and hence industry reputation. The mining industry has significant potential to contribute to regional wellbeing; however, land management policies must be flexible and promote incentives to enable companies to invest beyond compliance.     

Developing a sustainable energy strategy for a water utility. Part I: A review of the UK legislative framework

Increasing political effort to improve water quality across the UK and Europe has led to water and sewerage companies investing heavily in high-tech wastewater treatment plants capable of producing high quality effluents. Consequently, amounts of bought-in electricity used for wastewater treatment has and will continue to increase significantly over coming years, while greater provision of enhanced sewage treatment also produces greater volumes of sewage sludge requiring treatment and disposal. Over the same period, tougher controls on the quality of biosolids applied to agricultural land have also been introduced, while there has been an international attempt to reduce the use of fossil-fuel derived power sources because of concerns over global warming. The latter has brought about the introduction of financial instruments, such as the Climate Change Levy, to curb energy use, promote energy efficiency and encourage the development of renewable energy technologies. These factors are set to drive-up the costs of providing adequate sewage treatment services, while at the same time, a tough regulatory line taken to control profits on regional monopolies held by the UK water companies will significantly reduce their revenues over the period 2000-05. The result is that, financially, UK water and sewerage companies face their most challenging period since privatisation in 1989. This paper briefly outlines the current regulations relating to water quality and energy use that will affect water company operations over coming years.     

Evaluating internalization of multifunctionality by farm diversification: evidence from educational dairy farms in Japan

Farm diversification by farmers' open-door policy generates opportunities for farmers to internalize externalities of multifunctionality. Although the educational function of agriculture is an example of such an open-door policy and is attracting growing attention, this function has been little explored. To promote farm diversification in this direction, this paper examined how and to what degree farmers internalize externalities of multifunctionality by focusing on the educational function provided by dairy farming, i.e., farming experience services, in Japan. The main findings were as follows. First, we can say that the educational function is determined by ordinary technical jointness as well as institutional jointness, which is represented by food culture and the agrarian heritage. Both the technical and institutional jointness enhanced the externality. Because of these two working factors, there is a U-shaped relationship between farm diversification and provision of farming experience services. Second, however, an empirical evaluation indicated that farmers only partially internalize educational externalities by treating them as supplementary services combined with processed milk products. Therefore, appropriate integrated management of these newly emerging educational services to become a viable market should be fully addressed in the future, especially for family farms.     

Rethinking urban water management in Addis Ababa in the face of climate change: An urgent need to transform from traditional to sustainable system

Urban water management in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, is of significant concern to the city government owing to the growing demand for water, poor urban water management practices, insufficient and ineffective infrastructures, and climate change. The objective of this study is to review current water resources and management practices, consider the sustainability of the urban water cycle in relation to climate change, and devise a feasible strategy for a sustainable urban water management system. The results of this study show that the situation as it is now is not sustainable at current levels of demand and supply, either in terms of the systems’ management practices, or in terms of the challenges posed by climate change. An Integrated Urban Water Management strategy that covers the entire urban water cycle, including diversification of water sources, protection and conservation of water, sustainable exploitation, distribution, and consumption and wastewater management, water recycling, nutrient reuse, and safe wastewater disposal, should be implemented as soon as practicable.     

Environmental Performance Evaluation in the Water Industry of England and Wales

The appropriate means of benchmarking environmental performance within and between companies is a matter of considerable debate and raises issues such as what information to compare and the reliability and consistency of data. Comparing environmental performance through company environment reports is an approach which has been widely used but, as this paper shows, is difficult and has severe limitations. This paper presents a unique analysis, based on the UK water industry, which compares data reported in company environmental reports and data on the same companies reported through the industry regulators. In turn, this is compared with the environmental performance indicators proposed by two other systems, one advanced by the UK water industry itself. The results demonstrate the difficulty of specifying environmental indicators that enable meaningful comparison. The difficulty of comparing environmental performance in a sector with a comprehensive approach to, and long history of, environmental performance reporting presents some hard lessons for other sectors.     

采出水新型处理设备综述

介绍国外公司新开发的多种新型采出水处理设备的结构、性能和特点。这些新型的水处理设备投入生产后，使采出水水质得到提高并达到水质标准，其中有的设备已在国内油田引进，用于采出水处理，已经取得良好效果。