基于PLC的冷却系统自整定模糊控制研究

在机载产品地面试验过程中需要为其提供相应的冷却环境,可在受试产品发生改变时,制冷设备在传统控制算法下往往无法维持较为理想的控制结果,需要重新人工整定控制参数。为解决此问题,研究了基于PLC的冷却系统自整定模糊控制方法,该方法可在PLC内编写系统参数累加辨识程序,从而计算得到系统的模型参数以及初始控制参数,再通过模糊控制器对该参数进行实时整定。试验表明该控制方法可以对系统参数进行自动辨识,辨识结果能够反映模拟负载的功率变化趋势,控制结果无明显超调及稳态误差。将该方法应用于液冷机组,可以在被冷却对象发生较大变化时重新辨识控制器参数,免去人工进行参数调试的工序,加强了设备的通用性,获得良好的控制结果。     

SO2排放量灰色区间预测

本文论述了由上下限划分法建立灰平面，并将由灰平面得到的上下限非等距序列经线性变换进行GM（1，1）预测的方法，结合SO2排放量灰色区间预测的实例，说明了方法的实用可行性。     

树脂固定床吸附含酚废水预测模型研究

针对应用于实际工业化的树脂固定床吸附研究较少,而与之相关的固定床吸附穿透曲线可以用来确定固定床吸附操作参数,为固定床的设计和实际操作提供指导。通过对恒定波振荡理论和吸附等温方程的联合,来预测固定床吸附穿透曲线;并研究了不同操作条件对大孔弱碱树脂吸附对硝基酚穿透曲线预测模型的影响。以期望为树脂固定床的设计和实际工业应用产生指导意义。     

基于动态三维微笑曲线的非遗产业链价值增值研究——以北京市珐琅厂为例

合理推动非物质文化遗产活化已成为当今世界的潮流和趋势,不同的活化模式反映了不同的产业链模式,但是,以往研究未能从产业链的角度解释促使不同非遗活化模式产生、变化的主要因素和内在动力。基于创新改良的动态三维微笑曲线,以北京市珐琅厂为例,采用单案例纵向研究的方法探索非遗产业链的演化过程及价值增值特征,提出北京市珐琅厂非遗产业链的优化策略。结果表明：当多主体参与价值共创时,产业链上的所有环节都发生价值增值,微笑曲线趋于平滑;用微笑曲线分别研究北京市珐琅厂的非遗核心产品和非遗衍生产品时,发现非遗产业链曲线是核心产品曲线不断叠加衍生产品曲线的过程。     

环境监测质控技术考核及其数据分析(二)——精密度和准确度试验、校正试样的检验及统计容许区间的决定

在第(一)篇文稿中,作者借助考核绘制工作曲线的数据,讨论了回归工作曲线的制备,及其参数的统计检验;愿工作曲线更加符合数学期望。借助考核的零浓度试验的测试数据,讨论了检出限和检测限两个基本概念,及对确定检出限和检测限如何选择显著水平,     

基于表格化参数输入的随机振动数据分析

在工程中经常使用MATLAB进行随机振动数据时域和频域分析,利用MATLAB绘图功能将时域数据曲线、功率谱密度曲线通过图形窗口直观显示,并在图形窗口显示数据的测量工况、通道代号、通道名称、数据说明等相关数据描述参数。对于多通道振动数据,人工输入这类数据描述参数的工作量很大,效率很低。本文介绍了一种方法,利用表格软件快速高效的输入编辑功能,将相关数据描述参数保存为表格文件,在MATLAB数据分析程序中利用专用函数,自动读取表格文件,获取相关数据描述参数并在图形窗口显示,提高了随机振动数据分析工作的效率。     

炉渣用于深层过滤的试验研究

将炉渣用作深层过滤的床层过滤,在油田水处理中具有良好的应用前景。通过对炉渣滤料的物性测定,对流体力学性能、过滤性能及反洗性能的研究,获得了有关炉渣滤料的粒径分布、床层孔隙率、密度、吸水率等物性参数,以及清洁滤料床层阻力与速度的关系曲线和流化曲线,过滤条件下床层阻力随时间的变化关系和悬浮物脱除率随时间的变化曲线,炉渣床层的反洗曲线。结果表明：炉渣表面粗糙,有棱角,吸附表面积大,孔隙率大,过滤效果好;炉渣滤料密度小,反洗效果较好,反洗用水量只是过滤水量的５％左右;同时,炉渣作为滤料用于深层过滤,不仅来源广泛,而且属废物利用。     

矿化垃圾柱吸附能力预测模型

建立数学模型对矿化垃圾柱的吸附能力进行理论预测。通过改变模型参数得到矿化垃圾柱的不同吸附穿透曲线，分析穿透曲线的变化规律，判定参数的优劣，确定垃圾柱吸附运行最优工况。为矿化垃圾柱的设计提供一定的理论依据。     

基于BIOSCREEN-AT模型的地下水污染事故预测分析

BIOSCREEN-AT作为地下水溶质迁移的解析解模型,将污染物的对流、弥散、吸附、衰减反应等作用采用数学方法表示,操作简单明了,使用方便,国际上应用广泛。在对BIOSCREEN-AT模型的原理及参数分析基础上,以某城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液渗漏情景为例,运用该模型对地下水中典型污染物COD_(Mn)的浓度分布曲线及污染羽形态进行描述。通过模型参数率定及模型预测,为地下水监测方案及地下水环境保护措施的制定提供理论依据。     

低温工况环境试验系统蒸发器设计

翅片低温下的结霜现象会显著影响蒸发器选型的准确性,本文提出了低温环境试验系统的制冷量计算方法及结霜工况蒸发器的设计理论.结合-40℃系列的低温环境试验系统开发了计算软件,以工作室空间为1 m3的低温箱为设计依据,得出蒸发器的关键参数.测量蒸发器出口的降温曲线表明设计结果的合理性,为其他低温翅片蒸发器的设计应用提供了参考...     

中国工业二氧化硫排放量的灰色预测新模型

中国工业二氧化硫排放量既是一个灰色系统，又是一个离散动态系统。本文基于ＧＰＭ（１）灰色生长曲线，建立了预测中国工业二氧化硫排放量的ＧＩＰＭ（１）这一灰色对数幂函数曲线新模型。应用表明，ＧＩＰＭ（１）不仅与实际具有良好的一致性，也为国家制定工业二氧化硫排放量的控制治理规划提供了理论依据。     

灰色系统方法在城市生活垃圾量预测中的应用

利用灰色关联分析方法分析了影响城市生活垃圾量的因素，建立了生活垃圾量的ＧＭ（１，１）预测模型，预测了未来的城市生活垃圾量。该法具有较高的精度，简便，可行。     

PERMEABILITY OF AIR AND IMMISCIBLE ORGANIC LIQUIDS IN POROUS MEDIA1

ABSTRACT: The conductivity of air, mineral oil (relative viscosity 77), and a light nontoxic oil (relative viscosity 4.7) was measured in three porous media: a sand, loamy sand, and a silt loam. The measurements were made over a range of water contents for each porous medium. Small volumes of air were present as well as significant amounts of water during most of the oil conductivity measurements. The results were compared to two methods for calculating conductivities of immiscible fluids in water-wet porous media. A new equation that accounts for swelling and for the gas slippage effect in very small pores was formulated for use with these methods The observed conductivities, spanning seven orders of magnitude, agree reasonably well with calculated values. Only three soil parameters are required to calculate the conductivities: (1) the saturated conductivity of water, (2) the saturated conductivity of the immiscible fluid of interest, and (3) a pore size index value that is obtained from an estimate from the water release curve of the porous material. Remediation of organic liquid spills is briefly discussed to illustrate the practical applications of gas phase conductivities, as well as those for immiscible organic liquid phases. It is concluded that, in light of spatial variation under field conditions, the method presented for calculating values of three-phase conductivities will be useful in the management of immiscible organic liquid spills and leaks.     

非时序加权灰色关联分析在环境质量综合评价中的应用

本文根据灰色关联分析的基本性质，提出一种环境质量综合评价的新方法。该方法用待评价样本各指标值组成参考数列，环境质量分级标准值组成被比较数列，通过计算参考数列与被比较数列的关联度，按最优关联识别原则综合评价环境质量等级。用４个实例与其它方法进行了对比，取得满意的效果。     

预测区域环境噪声的GIM（1）灰色模型

运用灰色系统理论的原理与方法，建立了区域环境噪声的ＧＩＭ（１）预测模型。结果表明，ＧＩＭ（１）模型在本文例示的空间序列分析中，精度高于ＧＩＭ（１，１）模型的具有实际应用价值。     

ANALYSIS AND EXTRACTION OF LOW FLOW RECESSION CHARACTERISTICS1

ABSTRACT: It is important to extract and assess low flow recession characteristics for water resources planning in the upper reaches of streams. However, it is very difficult to express synthetically the low flow recession characteristics for a stream flow. In this paper, first a new method of constructing the master recession curve based on the exponential expression is proposed and applied with the restriction that there are no regulation or diversion structures in the upper reaches above the measurement station. Daily precipitation and stream flow were used for the analysis. Second, analysis for a recession constant was conducted and the relationship between the recession constant and low flow and/or geology was qualitatively examined. In conclusion, the application of the proposed method indicated that it is objective and useful for constructing the master recession curve. It became apparent that the recession constant of a master recession curve may be defined as the total index of low flow characteristics. In addition, it was found that baseflow value increases in the order of Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Tertiary, and Quaternary.     

An inexact optimization approach for river water-quality management

A previously developed fuzzy waste load allocation model (FWLAM) for a river system is extended to address uncertainty involved in fixing the membership functions for the fuzzy goals of the pollution control agency (PCA) and the dischargers using the concept of grey systems. The model provides flexibility for the PCA and the dischargers to specify their goals independently, as the parameters for membership functions are considered as interval grey numbers instead of deterministic real numbers. An inexact or a grey fuzzy optimization model is developed in a multiobjective framework, to maximize the width of the interval valued fractional removal levels for providing latitude in decision-making and to minimize the width of the goal fulfillment level for reducing the system uncertainty. The concept of an acceptability index for order relation between two partially or fully overlapping intervals is used to get a deterministic equivalent of the grey fuzzy optimization model developed. The improvement of the optimal solutions over a previously developed grey fuzzy waste load allocation model (GFWLAM) is shown through an application to a hypothetical river system. The fuzzy multiobjective optimization and fuzzy goal programming techniques are used to solve the deterministic equivalent of the GFWLAM.     

区域声环境质量污染水平预测方法评价与对比研究

为完成北京市“十二五”城市区域的主要声污染防治工作目标,全面提高北京市声环境质量水平,科学预测区域内在“十二五”期间噪声污染水平和发展趋势,本文以北京市某典型区域作为研究对象,在收集大量相关资料与实测历史噪声数据的基础上,运用指数平滑法与灰色模型GM（1,1）对所选定研究区域的噪声污染水平与发展趋势进行预测与分析。研究结果表明：运用指数平滑法与灰色模型对研究区域声环境噪声污染预测是可行的,北京市在“十二五”期间声环境质量水平符合《声环境质量标准》（GB3096—2008）中的一类区域标准。     

FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS FOR SMALL WATERSHEDS IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS1

ABSTRACT: Twenty-two gaging stations were selected for developing a regional flood frequency curve for small (area less than 2 square miles) watersheds in southern Illinois. Five probability functions were compared, and the extreme value type I function was selected to develop the regional flood curve. The curve was generated with the index flood method and also another empirical method that related the function parameters to the watershed area. Estimated peak discharges with various return periods were compared with the results obtained from multiple regression analysis.