德国实施环境标志概况

德国实施环境标志概况环境标志制度是持续发展战略的重要组成部分，是以市场调节来实现环境保护目标的一项环保举措。公众环境意识的日益高涨和经济贸易的发展是推动环境标志在世界各地迅速发展的重要因素。本文介绍了德国实施环境标志概况，希望在推行我国环境标志工作中...     

浅析国外的环境标志制度

全球环境恶化及资源，日益枯竭，增加了环境保护的艰巨性和复杂性。世界各国越来越认识到，不能单纯依靠政府的作用来保护环境，还需发挥广大消费者和生产者的积极性。把政府干预和市场机制作用有效结合起来．会更有利于环境的保护和管理。于是环境标志制度在国外应运而生。目前，环境标志制度在国外的发展方兴未艾，并已产生了明显的环境效益。本文就国外的环境标志制度做出分析和探讨，以求对我国发展环境标志制度提供启示。一、国外环境标志的性质环境标志，在国外称为绿色标志、生态标志或环境选择。它是外国政府公共或民间团体依据一定…     

环境标志知识简介

目前,环境标志制度已在世界二十多个国家实施,按其标记对象的不同分为三类: 1.以产品本身为标记对象的环境标志 它是以产品本身的环境特性发放环境标志的,所标记的产品不包括:食品、医药、饮料、包装等。(产品的环境特性是指产品在全寿命周期过程中对各种环境介质的影响)。     

论中国环境标志制度的实施

一、环境标志的产生环境标志是一种张贴在产品上的证明标志，代表着这种产品不仅质量符合标准，而且在生产、使用、处置过程中也符合特定的环境保护要求，对生态环境无害或危害极少，有利于资源的再生和回收循环利用。环境标志制度是依据有关环境标准，由国家指定的认证机构确认并通过颁发标志和证书．以证明某一产品符合环境要求，对生态环境无害。环境标志制度的认证标准包含资源配置、生产工艺、处理技术和产品循环再利用及废弃物处理等各个方面。世界上首先实行环境标志的是德国。1978年原联邦德国开始实施“蓝色天使（BlueAngel）”计…     

环境标志认证制度的运行样态与体系调适

现行环境标志认证可分为政府主导型的"权力+技术"模式和第三方认证机构主导型的"权利+技术"模式.我国环境标志认证制度采用前者,旨在借助政府公信力和环境问责机制获取公众信赖和社会普及.但标志的搭便车现象严重、认证标准不统一、信息公开机制缺位等弊端限制了其合理推行.为此,我国环境标志认证制度的体系调适有赖于扩大环境标志驰名...     

我国将逐步推广政府绿色采购制度

根据国家环保总局和财政部联合发布的《环境标志产品政府采购实施意见》（以下简称《实施意见》）和首批《环境标志产品政府采购清单》（以下简称《采购清单》）要求，2007年1月1日起将首先在中央一级预算单位和省级（含计划单列市）预算单位实行，2008年1月1日起全面实施。这表示我国将逐步推广政府绿色采购制度。     

试论我国环境标志的商标保护

1993年10月23日，国家环境保护局副局长叶汝求，在由国家环保局和国家技术监督局联合举办的’93首届中国国际环境标志交流活动会上宜布，中国将于1993年开始推行环境标志制度，将向6种产品（家用制冷器具、气溶胶制品、降解地膜、无铅车用汽油、水性涂料、卫生纸）首批发放环境标志。实行环境标志，将经济发展与环境保护相结合，是持续发展战略的重要组成部分，同时也是促进我国对外贸易发展、提高企业经济效益的一种较好方式。为了保证我国环境标志工作的顺利开展，国家围绕环境标志制度的建立需要颁布许多新的法律和规章，其中法律法规对…     

环境标志发展与国际合作

2008年6月中旬,第三批政府绿色采购清单已向社会公布。这是我国《环境标志产品政府采购实施意见》施行后的第三批“绿色清单”,再次引导企业坚定走环境友好型发展道路。如今,我国与欧亚众多国家开展了环境标志互认合作,为国内企业走向世界开辟了一条绿色通道。此篇文章从环境标志发展与国际合作角度介绍了我国环境标志走向国际道路的发展史,侧面展现了我国企业走环境友好型的发展道路。     

国家环境保护总局发布 关于中国环境标志产品认证工作有关事项的公告

2003年12月12日,国家环境保护总局发出“关于中国环境标志产品认证工作有关事项的公告”。全文如下:为了落实可持续发展战略,促进有益于环境保护的生产和消费,顺应绿色贸易和市场经济发展的需要,国家环保总局倡导建立了中国环境标志制度,并组织推动其发展。中国环境标志产品认证委员会是国家环境标志产品认证机构,由国家环保总局、国家质检总局等11个部委的代表和知名专家组成,委员会下设秘书处办事机构。委员会及其秘书处由国家环保总局代为管理。中国“环境标志”图形(即“十环”标志)由国家环境保护局于1993年8月发布。该标志经国家工商…     

“环境标志”

“环境标志”是政府有关部门依据某些标准规定,向产品颁发的一种特殊标志。它标志该产品从生产到使用的全过程中符合特定的环保要求,对生态环境无害或损害甚微,并有利于资源的再生、回收、利用。“环境标志”始于德国。世界上已有许多国家订立了标准,有些国家还规定:无环境标志的外国产品,在进口时数量和价格要受到限制,随着“环境标志”在越来越多的国家中实施,“环境标志”标准将向各国一致,相互承认的方面发展。“环境标志”的出现,于无形中运用了市场规律,把企业的经济效益和环境效益紧密地结合起来,调动了企业保护环境的积极性,从而推动了环保事业的发展。另一方面,在全球     

Eco-Labeling and ISO 14000: An Analysis of US Regulatory Systems and Issues Concerning Adoption of Type II Standards

/ Current private and public regulatory systems may not provide an optimal degree of regulation for labels bearing environmental information, and established institutions may detract from efforts to provide for better environmental management. The advent of ISO 14000 offers new opportunities for making eco-labeling a meaningful tool to encourage environmental stewardship. While new federal legislation offers the best vehicle to introduce these standards into US law, the slow pace of the legislative process may recommend an alternative system. Multinational and civic-minded firms may be expected to employ private programs to nurture benevolent environmental management practices until more definitive governmental institutions can be put in place.KEY WORDS: Eco-labels; Environmental labeling; International standards; ISO 14000     

Environmental indicators for communication of life cycle impact assessment results and their applications

Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) is performed to quantitatively evaluate all environmental impacts from products, systems, processes and services. However, LCIA does not always provide valuable information for choosing among alternatives with different specifications, functionalities and lifetimes. The objectives of this study are (1) to propose environmental indicators to evaluate environmental efficiency and value qualitatively and quantitatively on the basis of analogies to financial and economic indicators, and (2) to present the application of the indicators. Incremental evaluation using a reference is employed to obtain the environmental indicators. The environmental efficiency indicators are conceptually based on the ratios of reduced environmental burdens returned to environmental burdens required: environmental return on investment, environmental payback period and environmental internal rate of return. The environmental value indicator is the sum of all reduced and required environmental burdens: i.e., environmental net present value. All the environmental indicators can be used to compare and rank the environmental efficiencies or values of alternatives. The environmental efficiency indicators can be applied to a new environmental labeling. The concept of eco-efficiency labeling is developed by combining the environmental efficiency indicators with financial indicators. A case study is performed to illustrate the necessity and importance of the environmental indicators. These environmental indicators can help easily communicate LCIA results in the field of environmental management.     

Environmental Footprint of Foods: The Duty to Inform

In this paper we argue that there is a duty to inform consumers about the environmental impact of foods, and discuss what this duty entails and to whom it falls. We analyze previous proposals that justify ethical traceability with arguments from sustainability and the respect for the autonomy of consumers, showing that they cannot ground a duty to inform. We argue instead that the duty rests on the right of consumers not to be harmed, insofar as consumers have an interest in the morality of their own agency that is frustrated if they are not informed about the environmental impact of the production and transport of what they consume. Our argument detaches the regulation of labeling from substantive theories of environmental ethics or perfectionist conceptions of citizens’ responsibility, thus defending a case for labeling that is compelling also for those who take the role of the state to be limited to the prevention of harm.     

绿色消费与社会可持续发展的思考

消费的过程实质上就是一个资源消耗的过程。随着地球上有限资源被不断地消耗，因消费而引起的环境污染也日益严重，社会可持续发展的问题摆在了人们弱面前。本文介绍了绿色消费及其产生的背景，简析了目前中国的消费现状及国内外绿色消费与环境标志产品，提出了促进中国的绿色消费和实现社会可持续发展的对策。     

Food, Consumer Concerns, and Trust: Food Ethics for a Globalizing Market

The use of biotechnology in food productiongives rise to consumer concerns. The term ``consumerconcern' is often used as a container notion. Itincludes concerns about food safety, environmental andanimal welfare consequences of food productionsystems, and intrinsic moral objections againstgenetic modification. In order to create clarity adistinction between three different kinds of consumerconcern is proposed. Consumer concerns can be seen assigns of loss of trust. Maintaining consumer trustasks for governmental action. Towards consumerconcerns, governments seem to have limitedpossibilities for public policy. Under current WTOregulations designed to prevent trade disputes,governments can only limit their policies to 1) safetyregulation based upon sound scientific evidence and 2)the stimulation of a system of product labeling. Ananalysis of trust, however, can show that ifgovernments limit their efforts in this way, they willnot do enough to avoid the types of consumer concernsthat diminish trust. The establishment of a technicalbody for food safety – although perhaps necessary –is in itself not enough, because concerns that relatedirectly to food safety cannot be solved by ``pure'science alone. And labeling can only be a good way totake consumer concerns seriously if these concerns arerelated to consumer autonomy. For consumer concernsthat are linked to ideas about a good society,labeling can only provide a solution if it is seen asan addition to political action rather than as itssubstitution. Labeling can help consumers take uptheir political responsibility. As citizens, consumershave certain reasonable concerns that can justifiableinfluence the market. In a free-market society, theyare, as buyers, co-creators of the market, andsocietal steering is partly done by the market.Therefore, they need the information to co-create thatmarket. The basis of labeling in these cases, however,is not the good life of the individual but thepolitical responsibility people have in their role asparticipants in a free-market. Then, public concernsare taken seriously. Labeling in that case does nottake away the possibilities of reaching politicalgoals, but it adds a possibility.     

浅析基层环境监管体制的完善

目前我国基层环境监管体制中仍存在环境法律体系尚不完备、环境监管体制不健全、环境监管制度不严密和环境监管执行力不足等问题,因此,完善环境法律法规体系、健全环境监管体制、落实环境保护基本制度、提高环境监管执行力、形成健全的基层环境监管机制势在必行。     

城市环境总体规划的空间管控体系研究——以贵阳城市环境总体规划为例

环境空间管控和环境空间规划是我国城市空间规划体系中的短板,我国亟需建立起一套城市环境空间管控体系,来参与城市空间规划体系的建立,进而彻底扭转城市环境污染被动治理的尴尬局面。构建覆盖城市各领域的环境空间管控体系是城市环境总体规划的主要任务。本文梳理了我国环境空间管控发展现状和问题,从城市环境总体规划的角度,在城市层面构建了由环境功能区划、以生态保护红线为核心的严格管控区以及环境承载调控等手段组成的环境空间管控体系,并以贵阳城市环境总体规划为案例,进行了环境空间管控体系的构建。最后提出了实施城市环境总体规划空间管控的政策建议,保障空间管控体系能够落地和发挥作用。     

从中德比较论我国环境许可制度的发展

首先从现代环境保护的内在逻辑入手,指出我国环境法治正处于从外生型向内生型转变,并认同以排污许可为核心的环境许可制度应成为我国环境治理的核心制度。接着对环境许可制度进行基本的理论分析和简单框架梳理,认为环境许可制度是以法治完善和科技发展为支撑的,在此基础上需要进一步的内容细化和体系构建,并强调在风险预防原则下,环境许可不应局限于排污许可制度。然后分析了欧盟与德国在环境许可一体化上的趋势与不同,进而提出我国环境许可制度的趋势。探讨了与环境许可制度紧密相关的环境技术标准制度,认为基于技术的环境标准面临内生性、系统化和动态完善的要求,环境许可制度需要面向环境质量达标体系转型。本文还分析了德国环境治理理念的转型变革与许可制度衔接的经验。最后,小结对我国环境许可制度的启示。     

我国油气企业环境会计核算及信息披露的探讨

在国民经济中占有主导地位的油气企业同时也是造成环境污染的主体之一。因此,建立油气企业环境会计制度有极其重要的现实意义。文章针对我国油气企业环境会计制度应用现状,运用环境会计基本理论,对企业环境会计核算方法及信息传播模式进行了探讨,以期为油气企业环境会计制度的实施提供一些理论依据和具体方法,推动油气企业环境会计制度的发展。     

浅析以科技信息为主线的环境协同治理

提高我国环境行政效率的关键是强化合作协调的环境治理理念,其核心载体是科技数据为核心的信息管理体系.科技进步与信息管理系统化决定着现代环境治理超越传统的危险防范而进入风险预防领域,也就决定了现代环境保护中合作与协调的核心理念.与环境保护的预防原则和环境许可制相适应,环境技术标准体系是现代环境科技信息体系的集中体现.同时环境法律监管体系也需要以信息系统和数据库为重点向综合环境治理发展,其中环境质量达标制(结果导向型监管)和环境治理中的规划都以环境信息综合集成管理为基础的.对于信息社会和互联网时代下、民主法治建设中、全球化进程里的中国环境治理,既有机遇又面临挑战.