生态文明建设与区域经济的可持续发展——评《区域战略:生态文明与经济发展》

正《区域战略:生态文明与经济发展》在分析了发展低碳经济与新型工业化必要性的基础上,立足于经济学、管理学以及生态学等多个角度,阐述了低碳经济与新型工业化发展的相关概念与理论,通过大量翔实的数据、丰富的内容,有力地论证了发展低碳经济与新型工业化,实现区域生态安全,转变粗放经济发展模式的必要性、实际性以及有效性。《区域战略:生态文明与经济发展》一书提出,生态文明建设是国民经济实现可持续发展的路径。生态文明建设与国民经济之间的关系     

财政部:政策落实推进生态文明建设

<正>从国家财政部获悉,党的十八大作出了推动生态文明建设的战略部署,提出绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展。十八届三中全会通过了《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》,把生态文明建设作为重要内容提到了新的历史高度。循环经济本质是生态经济,是破解经济发展和资源环境约束矛盾的唯一出路,是推动生态文明建设的重要途径。中央财政贯彻落实党中央、国务院部署,不断完善财税政策,多渠道加大资金投入,形成了一系     

生态文明建设思想与高校思政教育的共融性分析

<正>生态文明建设在当前新时代建设中处于重要地位，与经济发展各环节、各领域衔接配套。在此背景下，实现生态文明思想建设与高校思想政治教育之间的共融性对培养高素质人才具有重要意义。由钱易、温宗国编写，中国环境出版集团出版的《新时代生态文明建设总论》一书，重点阐述当前生态文明建设中所产生的问题以及疑惑，深化了当前人民群众对大力加强生态文明建设重要性的理解，该书的出版既对当前新时代生态教育领域改革发展起到指南的作用，也对当前生态文明建设中相关政策以及规章制度的建立起到促进作用。     

生态文明教育在科技馆展览设计中的实践——以中国科技馆"地球"展厅为例

2018年7月,教育部学校规划建设发展中心发布的 《创建中国绿色学校倡议书》指出:强化生态文明教育,将绿色、循环、低碳理念融入教育全过程,加强相关国情与世情教育,普及生态文明法律法规和科学知识.2021年生态环境部、中央宣传部等六部门发布《"美丽中国,我是行动者"提升公民生态文明意识行动计划(2021—2025年)》,...     

推动绿色循环低碳发展 加快国民经济绿色化进程

《中共中央国务院关于加快推进生态文明建设的意见》明确把"绿色化"纳入我国现代化推进战略中,并将绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展作为建设生态文明的基本途径。文章提出了绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展内涵,并从加快推动生产方式绿色化、城镇建设绿色化、生活方式绿色化三个方面,给出了构建节约资源保护环境产业体系、推动绿色城镇化、培育绿色消费模式的对策建议,为深化改革、建立起系统完整的生态文明制度体系和法治体系提供借鉴。     

“四大体系”全面打造全国生态文明示范市

长期以来,韶关市委、市政府高度重视生态文明建设,特别是2008年5月韶关市被国家环境保护部列为全国生态文明建设试点地区后,市委、市政府以此为新的起点,进一步把生态文明建设摆在更加突出的战略位置,采取了一系列有效措施加强生态文明建设。在全市开展了生态文明建设专题调研,积极探索生态文明建设的新途径、新举措、新机制,作出了《关于加强生态文明建设的决定》,编制了《韶关市生态文明建设规划》和《韶关市生态文明建设行动计划》,     

科学擘画美丽中国的广东蓝图 ——《广东省生态环境保护"十四五"规划》解读之二

<正>广东省作为我国全面建设社会主义现代化新征程中的“排头兵”,坚持立足新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局,紧紧围绕建设美丽广东的宏伟蓝图,推动全省生态环境保护和绿色低碳发展走在全国前列。近日,广东省生态环境厅印发了《广东省生态环境保护“十四五”规划》（以下简称《规划》）。《规划》全面贯彻习近平总书记对广东系列重要讲话和重要指示批示精神,深入践行习近平生态文明思想,对奋力开创广东生态环境保护新局面,全面推动广东生态文明建设取得新进步具有重要的指导意义。     

探索浦东生态文明建设新路

胡锦涛总书记在中国共产党十七大《报告》中,提出了“生态文明”的科学理念和建设任务。建设生态文明,是党和国家做出的重大战略决策,是时代的要求、历史的必然、人民的期望,对转变经济发展方式,解决环境污染,实现节能减排,促进人与自然和谐,具有十分重要的作用。     

改革生态环境保护管理体制

正《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)提出,紧紧围绕建设美丽中国深化生态文明体制改革,加快建立生态文明制度,健全国土空间开发、资源节约利用、生态环境保护的体制机制,并对改革生态环境保护管理体制作出了具体部署。这对于进一步加强生态环境保护、大力推进生态文明建设具有重大作用。     

制定《生态文明建设促进法》的必要性与可行性

生态文明建设内容广泛、系统复杂,依法治国需要生态文明法律化、制度化、程序化,建设和完善生态文明法律体系需要将宪法有关生态文明理念法律化,仅靠现有的《环境保护法》不足以协调生态环境保护和社会经济发展;而生态文明建设一系列政策制度、生态环境保护法治推进、生态整体性自然规律、生态文明理论研究与地方立法实践,合力支持制定《生态文明建设促进条例》。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.